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Introduction To Computer: Md. Mumtahin Habib Ullah Mazumder

This document provides an introduction to the basic components and functions of a computer. It discusses how computers work by processing binary code composed of 1s and 0s. The three main parts are the CPU, which performs computations; RAM, which provides temporary storage; and persistent storage like hard drives, which store data permanently. The CPU contains transistors that act as switches to represent binary digits. Groups of 8 bits form a byte, the basic unit of digital information. Together, the CPU, RAM and persistent storage work together to process and store the code and data that power the functions of a computer.

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48 views21 pages

Introduction To Computer: Md. Mumtahin Habib Ullah Mazumder

This document provides an introduction to the basic components and functions of a computer. It discusses how computers work by processing binary code composed of 1s and 0s. The three main parts are the CPU, which performs computations; RAM, which provides temporary storage; and persistent storage like hard drives, which store data permanently. The CPU contains transistors that act as switches to represent binary digits. Groups of 8 bits form a byte, the basic unit of digital information. Together, the CPU, RAM and persistent storage work together to process and store the code and data that power the functions of a computer.

Uploaded by

Shokanta Roy
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computer
MD. MUMTAHIN HABIB ULLAH
MAZUMDER
LECTURER
UNITED INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

COURTESY OF: SHOIB AHMED SHOURAV AND KAZI


SAJEED MEHRAB, LECTURER, UIU
Objectives

 Introduction and Computer Software


 How does a computer work?
(Words)
Hardware?

 Now, we have to convert this code into a sequence of 1’s and 0’s,
so that the hardware can understand it.
Chips

 Transistor - vital electronic


building block

 Transistor = “Switch”

 Chips can contain billions


of transistors

 e.g. CPU chips, memory chips,


flash chips
Transistors
Bits
 Transistors are on or off (two states)
 Use binary (base 2) instead of decimal (base 10)
 "Bit": 0 or 1 (off/on)
 Equivalent to digit in decimal
 How many numbers can we store with 1 bit? 2? 10?
Bytes
 Individual bits aren't that useful

 Solution: group 8 bits together into bytes


 Optimized to handle bytes instead of bits
Lots of Bytes
• Fact: 2^10 is 1024
• 1 kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes
• 1 megabyte (MB) = 1024KB
• Used to measure audio clips and image sizes
• 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1024MB
• Used to measure video sizes and computer storage space
• 1 terabyte (TB) = 1024GB
• Used to measure computer storage space
Three major parts of a computer

 CPU
 RAM
 Persistent Storage
CPU
CPU

• CPU - Central Processing Unit


• Acts like a brain: follows the instructions in the code

• Performs computations, e.g. add two numbers

• "gigahertz" = 1 billion operations per second

• A "2 gigahertz" CPU performs 2 billion operations per


second
RAM
RAM
• RAM - Random Access Memory

• Temporary, working storage of bytes


• RAM stores both code and data (temporarily)

• e.g. open an image in Photoshop


- image data loaded into the bytes of RAM
• e.g. adding 2 to a number in a calculator
- manipulating bytes in RAM
• e.g. open a browser
- Browser code gets loaded in RAM
 “Non - Persistent"
- RAM is not persistent. State is gone when power
turned off
- e.g. You're working on a doc, then power goes out
and you lose your work (vs. "Save")

 RAM is relatively fast and able to retrieve the value


of any particular byte in a few nanoseconds (1
nanosecond is 1 billionth of a second).
Persistent Storage
Persistent Storage

 Persistent storage of bytes


 "Persistent" means preserved even when not
powered
 e.g. Hard drive - stores bytes as a magnetic pattern
on a spinning disk
- aka (also known as) “hard disk”
 e.g. Flash Drive- is a transistor-like persistent storage
technology
 -aka “USB Flash drive”
 -aka “SSD: Solid State Disk”
Motherboard

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