We are given following data:

∘
T ∞=25 C
¿ 25+273=298 K
T s , 1=40 ∘ C
¿ 40+273=313 K
L=0.35 m
T s ,2=100∘ C
¿ 100+273=373 K
¿

Fourier law of heat conduction:

kA ΔT
Qcond =
L

From Newton's law of cooling:

Qconv =h A( Δ T )

Calculating property value at T mean 

T s ,1 +T s , 2
T mean  =
2
313 K +373 K
T mean =
2
T mean =343 K

From Table A.1 Thermophysical properties of selected metallic solids:

 T (K )
K ( mKW )
400 58.7
600 48.8

Since we don't have value at T =343 K so we will use interpolation

(600−400) K (400−343)K
=
W W
( 48.8−58.7) (58.7−K )
m⋅K m⋅K
W
K =61.5215
m⋅ K

Applying energy balance at the wall interface

Qcond =Qconv 
ΔT
=h A (Δ T )
L
kA
373 K−313 K
=h × A(313 K −298 K )
0.35 m
61.521× A
W
h=703.10285 2
m .K

Calculating temperature gradient in the wall:

dT T s ,1 −T s ,2
=
dx L
313 K−373 K
¿
0.35 m
dT k
=−171.4285
dx m

Applying energy balance at the wall surface

Qcond  =Qconv 

−K f A ( dTdx ) =h A (T −T )
x=0
s,1 ∞

( dTdx ) = −hK (T −T )
x=0 f
s,1 ∞

Calculating property value at T mean :

 T ∞ +T s , 1
T mean  =
2
298 K +313 K
T mean =
2
T mean =306 K

From Table A.6 Thermophysical properties of saturated water:

T (K )
K f × 10−3 ( mK
W
)
305 620
310 628

Since we don't have value of T mean =306 K so we will use interpolation:

( 310−305)K (306−305) K
=
W
(328−620)×10
−3
m.K
( K f −620 ×10−3 ) mW. K
W
K f =621.6 ×10−3
m⋅ K

Putting value of K from equation (3) and h from equation (1) into equation (2) we get:

W
−703.10285
( )
dT
dx x=0
=
621.6 × 10
m2 ⋅ K
−3 W
(313−298)K
m⋅K

( )
dT
dx x=0
=−16966.7676
K
m
¿

Temperature Distribution Sketch:

Water flowing over the wall.

T ∞=25 ° C

T s 2=100 ° C

Steel Wall

T s 1=40° C
Newton’s convection law

q 1=h1 (T s−T ∞ )
10000
h1 = =100
400−300
Now since:

R e 1=R e2

L1 L2
V1× =V 2 ×
ν ν
Also since Prandtl number depends on medium which is air in both cases, hence:

Pr ¿ Pr 2
1

Hence, Nusselt number is also equal:

N u1=N u2

h1 L 1 h2 L 2
=
k1 k2

Since material is same k 1=k 2=k

100 ×0.5=h2 ×2.5

W
h2 =20 2
m
Given Data:

l=4 mm=0.004 m
L=120 mm=0.12 m
m
v =10
s
T ∞=25 C
q=30 mW =0.003 W

N u x =0.04 ⋅ R e 0.85
x ⋅ Pr
1/ 3

From Properties of Air table A-4 corresponding to T =300 K we can find:

W−3
k=26.3 ⋅10
mK
2
−6 m
ν=15.89 ⋅10
s
Pr =0.707
Nusselt number is given by:

hx ⋅ L
N u x=
k

Raynold number is given by:

v⋅L
R ex=
ν

And

0.85 1/ 3
N u x =0.04 ⋅ R e x ⋅ Pr

Hence:

( ) ( )
0.85
k v⋅L 1/ 3 26.3 ⋅10−3 10 ⋅0.12 0.85
1/ 3
h x ¿ 0.04 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Pr =0.04 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 0.707
L ν 0.12 15.89 ⋅ 10−6
¿ ¿

Calculating surface temperature:

q q 0.003
T s ¿ T ∞+ =T ∞ + =25+
hx ⋅ A h x ⋅l
2
109.4 ⋅ 0.004
2

¿ ¿
Question 6.32

Consider the electronic elements that are cooled by forced convection in Problem 6.31. The cooling
system is designed and tested at sea level (p ≈ 1 atm), but the circuit board is sold to a customer in
Mexico City, with an elevation of 2250 m and atmospheric pressure of 76.5 kPa.

(a) Estimate the surface temperature of the chip located 120 mm from the leading edge of the
board when the board is operated in Mexico City. The dependence of various thermophysical
properties on pressure is noted in Problem 6.19.
(b) It is desirable for the chip operating temperature to be independent of the location of the
customer. What air velocity is required for operation in Mexico City if the chip temperature is to
be the same as at sea level?

Given Data:

l=4 mm=0.004 m
L=120 mm=0.12 m
m
v =10
s
T ∞=25 C
q=30 mW =0.003 W

Patm =100 kPa

Pmex =76.5 kPa

0.85 1/ 3
N u x =0.04 ⋅ R e x ⋅ Pr

(a)

From Properties of Air table A-4 corresponding to T =300 K and P=1 atm we can find:

W −3
k=26.3 ⋅10
mK
2
−6 m
ν=15.89 ⋅10
s
Pr =0.707

Calculating ν at the Mexico City where P=76.5 kPa :

2
−6 100 −6 m
ν Mex =15.89 ⋅ 10 ⋅ =21⋅ 10
76.5 s

Nusselt number is given by:

 hx ⋅ L
N u x=
k

Raynold number is given by:

v⋅L
R e x= If we put Nusselt and Raynold number expressions to given correlation above, we can
ν
calculate convection heat transfer in the Mexico City:

( ) ( )
0.85 −3 0.85
k v⋅ L 1/ 3 26.3 ⋅ 10 10⋅ 0.12 1/ 3
h x =0.04 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Pr =0.04 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 0.707
L ν Mex 0.12 21⋅10
−6

W
¿ 86.3 2
Km

Hence chip temperature in Mexico city is:

q q 0.003
T s ¿ T ∞+ =T ∞ + =25+
hx ⋅ A h x ⋅l 2
86.3⋅0.004 2
¿ ¿

(b)

To calculate what air velocity is required,first convection heat transfer is to be calculated:

( ) ( )
0.85 −3 0.85
k v⋅L 26.3 ⋅10 10 ⋅0.12
h x ¿ 0.04 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Pr 1/ 3=0.04 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 0.7071/ 3
L ν 0.12 15.89 ⋅ 10
−6

¿ ¿

putting in that equation ν mex , rearrange it and solve it for velocity:

( )
1 /0.85
ν hx ⋅ L
v ¿ Mex ⋅ ⋅ Pr −1/ 3
L 0.04 ⋅ k
m
¿ ¿ 13.2
s