MAPEH 9 Reviewer

II. Composers of the Classical Period

MUSIC

I. Music of the Classical Period  Franz Joseph Haydn

- 1732 – 1809
- 1750 – 1820 - One of the most prominent
- The Classical Era composers
- Age of Reason - Rags to riches
- Dominated by the aristocracy, as - His music reflects his character
patrons of musicians and artists and personality: calm, balanced,
influenced the arts serious but with touches of
- Significant changes in musical humor
forms and styles - Composed over 100 symphonies
 Classicism – new style in - Father of the Symphony
architecture, literature, and - Examples of his works: Surprise
arts Symphony, The Clock, The
- Europe began to move toward Military
Classicism in the middle of the 18th
century  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Historical events that occurred - 1756 – 1791
during this era: French - Child prodigy
Revolution and the Napoleonic - Most amazing genius in
Wars, the American Declaration of musical history
Independence, American - Experimented in all kings of music
Revolution - Lived his life in poverty
 Classical – denotes conformity - Examples of his work: The
with the principles and Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni,
characteristics of ancient Greek The Magic Flute
and Roman literature which
were formal, elegant, simple,  Ludwig Van Beethoven
freed, and dignified. These - 1770 – 1827
characteristics also describe - Composer who bridged the late
the melodies of classical music. Classical era and the early
- Great composers: Franz Joseph Romantic era
Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, - Talented pianist and composer
Ludwig Van Beethoven - Began to go deaf in 1796 but
- Instrumental forms: Sonata, this did not become a hindrance
Concerto, Symphony - Characteristics of his works:
- Vocal forms: Opera Seria, Opera  Veered toward larger
Buffa orchestras
- Associated with the nobility  Sound was centered on
instruments to give his
music a darker mood
 All themes are tied
together by one motif
  He developed musical  1st Movement – fast: sonata
themes and motifs – allegro form with
extensively by means of expositions
modulation  2nd Movement – slow: more
 He used more ornamentation than the
brass instruments first movement
- Examples of his works: Fur  3rd Movement – fast: finale:
Elise, Missa Solemnis, Fidelio resembling the last
movement of the symphony

III. Vocal and Instrumental Music  Symphony – multi – movement

work for orchestra
 Sonata – multi – movement - Sinfonia – a harmonious sounding
work for solo instrument together
- Sonare – to make a sound - Classical music for the
- The term is applied to a variety whole orchestra
of works for a solo instrument - Four movements
 1st Movement – Fast: Sonata
 Sonata Allegro Form – most – allegro form
important form that developed  2nd Movement – Slow:
during the classical era lyrical
- Consists of 3 different sections:  3rd Movement –
Exposition, Development, Medium/Fast: dance form
Recapitulation  4th Movement – Fast:
 Exposition – first part of a Sonata form
composition that
introduces the theme  Classical Opera
 Development – middle part - Opera – drama set to music where
wherein themes are being singers and musicians preform in a
developed theatrical setting
 Recapitulation – repeats the - Two distinct styles: Opera Seria
theme as they first emerge and Opera Buffa
in the opening exposition - Both styles were developed during
the Classical Period
 Concerto – multi – movement  Opera Seria – serious opera
work design for an - Implies heroic or tragic drama that
instrumental soloist and employs mythological characters
orchestra - Inherited from the Baroque period
- Classical form of music intended to - Example: Idomeneo by Mozart
emphasize the individuality of the
solo instrument
- Has three movements: fast, slow,  Opera Buffa – comic opera
fast - Italy
 - Made use of everyday - Italian sculptor, painter, architect,
characters and situations and poet
- Example: The Magic Flute - Considered the greatest living
by Mozart artist in his lifetime
- One of the greatest artists of all
time
ARTS - Examples of his works as
sculptor: Pieta and David
I. Renaissance Period - Created two of the most influential
- 1400 – 1600 works in fresco: the scenes from
- Period of economic progress Genesis on the ceiling and the Last
- Stirred enthusiasm for the study Judgment on the altar wall of the
of ancient philosophy and artistic Sistine Chapel in Rome
values - In Pieta, he approached the subject
 Italian Renaissance – late 14th where the portrayal of pain had
century always been connected with the
- Era of great artistic and idea of redemption as represented
intellectual achievement with by the seated Madonna holding
the birth of secular art Christ’s body
- Focus: realistic and humanistic art - Convinces himself and his
- Characterized by accurate spectators of the divide quality
anatomy, scientific perspective, by means of earthly and perfect
and deeper landscape beauty
- Painters depicted real – life
figures and their sculptures were
naturalistic portraits of human
 Leonardo di ser Piero Da Vinci
beings
- 1452 – 1519
- Period of artistic experimentation
- Was a painter, architect, scientist,
- Marks the transition of Europe
and mathematician
from the medieval period to the
- Popularized through the novel and
early modern age
movie, “Da Vinci Code”
- Greatest cathedral building:
- Ultimate “Renaissance man”
rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica in
because of his intellect, interest,
Rome
talent, and his expression of
- Art of calm and beauty
humanist and classical values
- One of the greatest painters of
all time
- Most diversely talented person to
II. Famous Renaissance Artworks and
have ever lived
Artists
- Examples of his works: The Last
Supper (most reproduced religious
 Michelangelo di Lodovico painting of all time) and Mona Lisa
BUonarroti Simoni
(most famous and most parodied
- 1475 – 1564
portrait)
  Mona Lisa – Madonna – Bas – relief – a form of
similar to Ma’am, shallow relief sculpture
“madamme,” or “My Lady” - Example of his works: David
- Mona Lisa – Da Vinci’s wife  David – first known free –
- Monna Lisa – spelled in Modern standing nude statue
Italian

 Raffaello Sanzio de Urbino

III. Baroque Art
(Raphael)
- 1600 – 1800
- 1483 – 1520
 Barocco – irregularly
- Italian painter and architect
shaped pearl or stone
- His work was admired for its
- Fairly complex idiom
clarity of form and ease of
- Focuses on painting, sculpture, and
composition and for its visual
architecture
achievement of interpreting
- Varying degrees of intensity
the Divide and incorporating
- Period of artistic styles in
the Christian doctrines
exaggerated motion, drama,
 Traditional trinity of great
tension, and grandeur
masters – Raphael formed
- The Roman Catholic Church
this with Michelangelo and
encouraged the Baroque style to
Leonardo Da Vinci
propagate Christianity while the
- Main contributions: unique
aristocracy used Baroque style
draftsmanship and compositional
for architecture and arts
skills
 Baroque sculpture – larger
- Examples of his works: The
than life size
School of Athens and The
 Baroque architecture –
Transfiguration
designed to create spectacle
 The Transfiguration –
and illusion
Raphael’s last painting which
he worked on up to his death
 Conceived as an altarpiece for
the Narbonne Cathedral in
France
 Exemplifies Raphael’s
development as an artist and
IV. Famous Baroque Artworks and Artists
the culmination of his career
 Michelangelo Merisi or
Amerighi da Caravaggio
 Donato di Niccolo di Betto - 1571 – 1610
Bardi (Donatello) - Better known as Caravaggio
- 1368 – 1466 - Italian artist who wanted to
- One of the Italian great artists of deviate from the classical masters
the period of the Renaissance
- Early Renaissance Italian sculptor - Outcast in his society
- Known for his work in bas – relief
- Started out as a specialist in his paintings of magical creatures, and
paintings hunt scenes
- Caravaggio’s models were either - Example of his works: Samson
himself or young persons who and Delilah
have an air of being promising but
wicked  Rembrandt Harmenszoon van
- Example of his work: Supper Rjin
at Emmaus - 1606 – 1669
- Brilliant Dutch realist, painter, and
 Gian Lorenzo Bernini etcher
- 1598 – 1680 - Generally considered as one of the
- Italian artist and the first greatest painters and printmakers
Baroque artist - Followed no particular faith, but
- Practiced architecture and was interested in spiritual values
sculpture, painting, stage and often chooses religious
design, and was also a subjects
playwright - Personal aspects: his own home
- The last in the list of the and his family
dazzling universal geniuses - No artist has painted himself as
- Child prodigy often as did Rembrandt
- Made a sculpture of David - Concept of himself continued to
for Cardinal Borghese which deepen
is strikingly different from - Example of his work: Self-
Michelangelo’s David because it portrait in Old Age
shows the differences between the
periods  Diego Velasquez
- Greatest Baroque sculptor and - 1599 – 1660
architect - Velasquez of Spain
 Piazza San Pietro – one of his - One of the finest masters of
most innovative and successful composition
architectural designs - One of the most important
 Ecstasy of St. Teresa – painters of the Spanish Golden
his greatest achievement Age
- Worked out solutions to pictorial
problems of design
 Peter Paul Rubens - Discovered his avocation almost at
- 1577 – 1640 the very start of his career
- Flemish Baroque painter - Example of his work:
- Well known for his paintings of Maria Theresa
mythical and figurative subjects,  Maria Theresa – he created
landscapes, portraits, and this work four years before
Counter his death
– Reformation altarpieces - Margaret Theresa – eldest
- Commissioned works daughter of the new Queen,
were religious subjects,
history
 appears to be the subject of Las - Most of them are from the Latin-
Meninas American countries
- Distinguish themselves by the
costumes worn
PHYSICAL EDUCATION - Somewhat revealing, tight-fitting,
sexy yet sophisticated in nature
I. Dance - Distinguished by the nature of
- Move rhythmically to music, movements
typically following a set sequence - Freer and can be performed in
of steps close or open hold
- Power to maintain or
improve your fitness  Modern Standard Dances –
slow waltz, tango, Viennese
II. Social Dances waltz, foxtrot, quickstep
- Dances intended to get to - Formal, ankle-length gowns for
know other people in females and coat-and-tie for males
attendance to a certain social - Restricted to close ballroom
function position with partner
- Ballroom dances
- Usually performed in pairs, male III. Cha-cha-cha
and female, but may also be - Origin: Cuba
performed I groups - Became popular on 1954
- Classified into two major - Introduced by Cuban composer
classifications: Latin American and violinist Enrique Jorrin
Dances and Modern Standard
Dances
- Communal dances performed
in social gatherings
- Synonymously referred to as IV. Boogie
ballroom dances, but the former - Origin: USA
is performed in balls - Performed in events in Europe and
- Different from dancesport because contests worldwide
dancesport is freer in nature and - Form of swing dance
are intended to widen one’s social - Originally known as Barellhouse
horizon dancing
- Performed in competitions and  Boogie Woogie – called in
are referred to as competitive Europe
ballroom dancing  East Coast Swing – called in US
- Can be paired with Boogie Woogie
music but usually paired with Rock
N’ Roll musisc
 Latin American Dances – salsa, - Foot work is fast and high on
mambo, merengue, swing, cha- energy
cha-cha, rumba, samba, jive, - Can adapt free styles
boogie, and paso doble
 - Lead dance
 Gateway Drugs – midly
V. Waltz addictive substances that are
- Origin: England said to cause a user to consume
- 19th century harder
 Modern (Diagonal) Waltz - Three most common gateway
 Viennese (Quick) Waltz – drugs: Alcohol, Marijuana,
consists of turns, that’s why Prescribed Medicine
it’s also known as rotary  Gateway Drugs Theory –
dance when using a particular
substance, it won’t always
result to addiction
HEALTH

I. Common Concepts in Drug Education  Depressant Drugs – slows

down a person’s central
 Drugs – any substances or nervous system
chemicals which when taken - Help people who have anger
into the body have issues, stressed, or tensed
psychological, emotional, and - Examples: sedatives,
behavioral effects on a person Xanax, alcohol

 Drugs of Abuse – drugs  Stimulant Drugs – uppers

commonly abused by users - Makes a person’s energy high
- Three drugs of abuse: shabu,
marijuana, and inhalants  Narcotics – drugs used for
severe pain and is not helped
 Drug Dependence – cluster by pain killers
of physiological, behavioral - Relieve pain and induce sleepiness
and cognitive phenomena
of variable intensity  Hallucinogens – psychoactive
creating a strong desire to agent which can cause
take the substance hallucinations
 Drug Misuse – use of -
substance inconsistent with  Inhalants – volatile substances
the prescribed dosage that produce chemical vapors
 Drug Abuse – use of a that can be inhaled
substance for non- - Psychoactive or mind-altering
medicinal purposes effect
 Drug Tolerance – condition  Volatile solvents – liquids
of the body to adapt to the that vaporize at room
effects of substances to the temperature
body

II. Drugs of Abuse