2.2 Water
2.2 Water
2.2 Water
2 Water
2.2 Essential ●
hydrophobic substances.
Explain hydrogen bonding and dipolarity,
Idea:
and the link with the cohesive, adhesive,
thermal and solvent properties of water.
● State one example of a benefit to living
organisms of each property of water.
Water is the medium of life ● Explain the use of water as a coolant in
sweat.
● Outline the modes of transport of glucose,
amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen and
sodium chloride in blood, in relation to their
solubility in water.
● Compare the thermal properties of water
with those of methane.
● Outline that water molecules
are polar and that hydrogen
bonds form between them.
● Describe how substances
can be hydrophilic or
hydrophobic.
Lesson 1 ● List examples of hydrophilic
and hydrophobic
substances.
Basic Properties of Water ● Explain hydrogen bonding
and dipolarity, and the link
Kognity 2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2 with the cohesive, adhesive,
Cambridge Pg. xx-xx thermal and solvent
properties of water.
● State one example of a
benefit to living organisms
of each property of water.
Why Water?
● “Universal solvent”
● Can dissolve ionic compounds and polar
compounds like glucose
● All reactions in cells occur in dissolved form
in liquid
● Dissolved substances carried in blood
plasma (glucose, amino acids, sodium
chloride)
● Some substances are insoluble in water, but
can be dissolved in fat (fat soluble
substances)
Practice:
Kognity: 2.2 Water Lesson 1 Review
Questions
Cohesive ● Allows water to be pulled up from the roots to the leaves of plants.
properties
● Permits insects, such as pond skaters, to walk/float on the surface of water to
catch their prey.
Adhesive ● Capillary action generated by adhesive forces assists the pumping action of
properties the heart to help blood move through blood vessels.
● Adhesion of water molecules to the cell wall of xylem vessels helps water move
against gravity from the roots to the leaves.
*You should know at least one example of a
Thermal ● Evaporation of sweat from body surfaces involves heat loss, which brings
properties about a cooling effect.
● The high specific heat capacity of water makes aquatic ecosystems more
stable than terrestrial.
Solvent ● Water dissolves mineral ions in the soil and transports it along xylem vessels
properties from the roots to all parts of the plant.
● Water in blood plasma dissolves a range of solutes and gases, which makes it
possible for blood to transport nutrients and gases around the body
● Water’s versatility (its ability to exist as a liquid, solid and vapour) makes
water a universal solvent and medium for numerous biochemical reactions.
Transport of Biological Molecules
a. polarity of water;
b. hydrogen bonds between water molecules;
c. cohesion between water molecules/water molecules stick together;
d. cohesion allows tensions/low pressures/transpiration pull/movement upward/against
gravity;
e. adhesion to cellulose/cell walls generates tensions/pull (in xylem) OR adhesion to
xylem walls/vessel walls causes capillary rise/upward movement;
f. solvent for many substances / many substances dissolve;
g. liquid at most temperatures experienced by plants / liquid so can flow
Biological Molecules in the Blood
Glucose