CLASSROOM LESSON PLAN

COURSE: MEDICINE Il TARGET GROUP: September 2021

COURSE CODE: NRSG 308 VENUE: Science building
TOPIC: Toxoplasmosis TEACHING METHOD: LECTURE
DATE: 11/03/2022 AUDIO VISUAL AID: WHITE BOARD,MARKER,LAPTOP
TIME: 15:00-15:50 PRESENTER: charity Kalukango
DURATION: 50minutes. SUPERVISOR: Madam N'gabwe
INTRODUCTION
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular Parasite that naturally lives in Cats. The name toxoplasma is derived from the
word "toxon" which means an arc or curved shape of the tachyzoites. In most cases of toxoplasmosis it goes unnoticed except
in the fetus and AIDS patients. The infection produces a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans.T gondii infects a large
proportion of the world's population (perhaps one third) but uncommonly causes clinically significant disease.[2]However,
certain individuals are at high risk for severe or life-threatening toxoplasmosis. Individuals at risk for toxoplasmosis include
fetuses, newborns, and immunologically impaired patients. (

General Objective
At the end of this, third year nursing students should be able to acquire knowledge and an understanding on toxoplasmosis and be
able to manage patients presenting with this condition.

Specific Objectives
At the end of lesson January 2020 cohort the nursing students should be able to:
Define Toxoplasmosis
Explain the mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis
Explain the pathophysiology of Toxoplasmosis
State the signs and symptoms of Toxoplasmosis
Discuss the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis
List the complications of Toxoplasmosis
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5MINS Define Definition: Lecture white Explaining, Listening what is
Toxoplasmosis A disease that results board, asking actively, Toxoplasmosis
from infection with the makers. questions. answering
Toxoplasma gondii questions
parasite found in cat and taking
faeces and contaminated down notes.
food.

10MIN Mode of Transmission Lecture. white Asking Listening How is

transmission  Eating board, questions actively, toxoplasmosis
of undercooked, makers. and showing answering transmitted
toxoplasmosis contaminated slides. questions
meat (especially and taking
pork, lamb ) down notes.
 Eating food that
TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING AUDIO ACTIVITY EVALUATION
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was contaminated
10MIN by knives, Lecture. white Asking Listening How is
Mode of utensils, cutting board, questions actively, toxoplasmosis
transmission boards and other makers. and showing answering transmitted
of foods that have slides. questions
toxoplasmosis had contact with and taking
raw, down notes.
contaminated
meat or shellfish.
 Drinking water
contaminated
with Toxoplasma
gondii
 Accidentally
swallowing the
parasite through
contact with cat
feces that contain
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Toxoplasma. This
might happen by Lecture white Asking Listening How is
10MIN Cleaning a cat’s board, questions actively, toxoplasmosis
Mode of litter box when makers and showing answering transmitted
transmission the cat has shed slides. questions
of Toxoplasma and taking
toxoplasmosis  Receiving an down notes.
infected organ
transplant or
infected blood via
transfusion,
though this is rare

10MIN Explain the Pathophysiology Lecture. White Asking Listening What is of

pathophysiolo board, questions actively, toxoplasmosis?
gy of Toxoplasma infection in makers. and showing answering
toxoplasmosis most adult animals and slides. questions
humans is asymptomatic and taking
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because of effective down notes.
10MIN Explain the protective immunity. Lecture White Asking Listening What is of
pathophysiolo Whenever immunity is board, questions actively, toxoplasmosis?
gy of not acquired in a timely makers. and showing answering
toxoplasmosis fashion, tachyzoites slides. questions
continue to multiply, and taking
destroying an excessive down notes
number of cells,
producing lesions in
several organs, with
pneumonia and
encephalitis the
prominent causes of
illness and death

However, immunity is
insufficient to destroy
the slowly multiplying
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bradyzoites persisting in
10MIN Explain the tissue cysts in many Lecture White Asking Listening What is the
pathophysiolo organs — a parasite board, questions actively, pathophysiolog
gy of adaptation to await makers and showing answering y of
toxoplasmosis ingestion of one host by slides. questions toxoplasmosis?
another. and taking
Toxoplasma cysts down notes
produce lesions when
they disintegrate,
because of the delayed
type of hypersensitivity
accompanying
infections.
In the presence of
immunity, the released
bradyzoites are
destroyed, but when
protective immunity
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fails, the bradyzoites can
10MIN Explain the develop again into Lecture White Asking Listening What is the
pathophysiolo actively multiplying board, questions actively, pathophysiolog
gy of tachyzoites parasitizing makers and showing answering y of
toxoplasmosis and destroying cells in slides. questions toxoplasmosis?
expanding foci, usually and taking
in the brain. down notes

5 MIN State the signs Signs and symptoms Lecture white Explaining, Listening Mention the
and symptoms Body aches board asking actively, signs and
of Swollen lymph nodes makers questions answering symptoms of
Headache and showing questions Toxoplasmosis
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Fever slides. and taking
5 MIN Toxoplasmosis Headache Lecture white Explaining, down notes. Mention the
State the signs Confusion board asking signs and
and symptoms Poor coordination makers questions symptoms of
of Seizures and showing Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis Blurred vision slides.
Jaundice
Fatigue

15 MIN Explain the Management Lecture. white Explaining, Listening Discuss the
management Diagnosis board asking actively, management of
oF History makers. questions answering Toxoplasmosis
toxoplasmosis 1.History taking which and showing questions
will review if the patient slides. and taking
was in contact with one down notes.
who had Toxoplasmosis
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2.History taking will also
15 MIN Explain the review if one Was white Explaining,
management exposed to cat feaces Lecture. board asking
oF Physical examination makers. questions
toxoplasmosis Physical examination and showing
will show signs and slides.
symptoms.
Serologic testing. A test
that measures
immunoglobulin G (IgG)
is used to determine if a
person has been infected.
Magnetic
Resonance imaging
(MRI).
Brain biopsy.

15 MIN Explain the Lecture.

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management
oF Medical management
toxoplasmosis Osteltamivir (Tamiflu)

Treatment should be
considered for a total of
4-6 weeks in patients
with severe or persistent
symptoms,
using the following
regimens:
Pyrimethamine 100-mg
loading dose followed by
25-50 mg/day plus
sulfadiazine 1 g q6h plus
folinic acid 10-20
mg/day or
Trimethoprim-
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sulfamethoxazole 5 g/25 white
mg to 10 mg/50 board
mg/kg/day in divided makers
Options in patients who
are sulfadiazine-
hypersensitive include
the following:
Pyrimethamine 100-mg
loading dose followed by
25-50 mg/day plus
folinic acid 10-20
mg/day plus
Clindamycin 300 mg q6h
Explain the or
management Azithromycin 250-500
oF mg daily or
toxoplasmosis Atovaquone 750-1500
mg twice daily (with
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food)

NURSING CARE
1.Isolation technique
must be done, Use of
masks, hand washing
with soap, and use of
gowns.
Provision of warmth to
these patients is vital.
2.TPR checking, Tepid
sponging, Encourage
patient to take a lot of
fluids.
3.Give prescribed drugs.
4.Maintain a clean
environment.
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Prevention

1 Wear gloves when you

garden or handle soil Or
when cleaning a Cat's
litter box
2 Don't eat raw or
undercooked meat. Meat,
especially lamb, pork
and beef, can harbor
toxoplasma organisms.
3 Wash kitchen utensils
thoroughly. After
preparing raw meat
4 Don't drink
unpasteurized milk.
Unpasteurized milk and
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other dairy products may
contain toxoplasma
parasites.

IEC
1. Washing hands often
with soap and water,
especially after coughing
or sneezing is important.
2. Alcoho-based hands
cleaners are also
effective.
10 MIN complications Complications Lecture white Explaining Listening What are the
of swine flu board and asking actively, complications
Encephalitis makers questions. answering of
Blindness questions Toxoplasmosis
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Brain infection and taking
seizures down notes.

SUMMARY
Toxoplasmosis (tok-so-plaz-MOE-sis) is a disease that results from infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, one of the world's
most common parasites. Infection usually occurs by eating undercooked contaminated meat, exposure from infected cat feces, or
mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy.. In the vast majority of individuals, infection is asymptomatic, as a competent immune
system is sufficient to keep the organism in a latent tissue cyst state.

EVALUTAION
1. What is toxoplasmosis ?
2. List the causes of Toxoplasmosis
4. State the signs and symptoms of Toxoplasmosis flu.
5. State the prevention
6. List the complications of Toxoplasmosis?
Assignment; discuss the life cycle of toxoplasmosis
Hand written , due 19th march

REFERENCES

Mandell, Gerald L.; Bennett, John E. and Dolin, Raphael. 2019. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious
Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, An Imprint of Elsevier.
Press, Cynthia; Montoya, Jose G. and Remington, Jack S. Use of a Single Serum Sample for Diagnosis of Acute Toxoplasmosis in
Pregnant Women and Other Adults. J Clin Microbiology 2013
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control. DPDx Image Library. Accessed 2006 May 24. URL: