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Understanding Culture
Society and Politics
FIRST QUARTER
MODULE 3

ENCULTURATION AND
SOCIALIZATION

Develop by
Remus C. Mariñas

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 HUMSS – Grade 11

Alternative Delivery Mode

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Developer/Contextualizer : REMUS CUIZON MARIÑAS

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Editors/Reviewer : Alice Ganar
Gerlie N. Alberio
Department of Education
John Paul Lesondato
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Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education
Region VII CENTRAL VISAYAS
CEBU CITY DIVISION

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 MODULE 3
ENCULTURATION AND SOCIALIZATION

Quarter : First Quarter

Content Standard
o Culture and Society as Anthropological and Sociological Concepts
o Perspectives in approaches to the study of culture and society (i.e.,
comparative, historical, structural functional, interpretive, and critical)

Performance Standard
o Appreciate the nature of culture and society from perspectives of
anthropology and sociology
o Demonstrate a holistic understanding of culture and society
o Values cultural heritage and express pride of place without being
ethnocentric

Learning Outcomes
Identify norms and values to be observed in interacting with others in
society, and the consequences of ignoring these rules Evaluative Written Activities

Competencies : Explain the importance of cultural relativism attaining cultural

understanding
Duration : Week 3

What I Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Understanding Culture Society and Politics. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. Erasures will not be
allowed for this module, before making your final answer use pencil first to make
necessary correction.

On the next page you will be ask on your basic learning or understanding on virtual
and actual social interaction thru an illustration. You will be ask on the similarities
and differences using Venn diagram (A Venn diagram is a diagram that shows all
possible logical relations between a finite collections of different sets. These diagrams
depict elements as points in the plane, and sets as regions inside closed curves. A
Venn diagram consists of multiple overlapping closed curves, usually circles, each
representing a set).

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 Remember all your answer will be based on what you have learned and observed
using the said application and of your social interaction with your circle of friends
and within the community where you are currently living. All inputs are considered
RIGHTFUL as it is based on your actual observation and experience just bear in
mind to maintain the neatness of this module to avoid any form of erasures as
stated in the previous module use pencil first before finalizing your answer,

The two pictures illustrated the two type of social interaction one is actual social interaction
the other one is virtual interaction.
 Give the similarities and differences of the two pictures using Venn diagram

Differences Differences

Similarities

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MULTIPLE CHOICE: Encircle the letter of the best answer

1. We wish to be good citizens of every community in which we operate." This

is
a. Ethical Code c. Political and Social Code
b. Legal Rule d. Legal Act

2. Which statement is/are true?

a. Ethics is not synonymous to religious morality or moral theology
b. Ethics is the principle that guide the human behaviour
c. The terms 'ethics' and 'morality' are not synonymous terms
d. All of the above

3. The hand-of-government refers to the

a. ability of the government to interfere in business negotiations
b. role of corporations to be profitable within the law
c. effect of national politics on business decisions
d. Impact of changing government regulations

4. Which statement is true?

a. Human values system plays a vital role in total quality management
b. Values give the real meaning to total quality management effort
c. Total quality management is a corporate management strategy
d. All of the above

5. Which of the following statements about ethical standards are TRUE?

a. The upper limits of ethical standards are set by individual standards
b. The laws of economically developed countries generally define the
lowest common denominator of acceptable behavior
c. The actual degree of enforcement of the law in an underdeveloped
country would determine the lower limit of remissible behavior
d. All of the above

6. Unethical behaviour is often triggered by

a. pressure from higher management to achieve goals
b. an organizational atmosphere that condones such behavior
c. both (a) & (b)
d. None of the Above

7. This theory proposes two perspectives in the formation of deviant behavior.

On the macro level- deviance is a product of the breakdown of social norms.
On the macro level- deviance is a product of the role strain that an
individual experience due to lack of resources to cope with the demands of
the social norms. a system of checks and balances
a. Rational Choice Theory c. Labelling Theory
b. Structural-functionalist Theory d. Social Control Theory

8. It is the individual’s decision to follow or to go against social norms is

dependent on their perceived cost and benefit of such action.
a. Rational Choice Theory c. Labelling Theory
b. Structural-functionalist Theory d. Social Control Theory

9. It is the act of following the roles and goals of one’s society.

a. Deviance c. Conformity
b. Abiding d. Following

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 10. It is the process by which people learn the dynamics of their surrounding
culture and acquire values and norms appropriate or necessary in that culture
and worldviews. As part of this process, the influences that limit, direct, or
shape the individual include parents, other adults, and peers.
a. Enculturation c. Acculturation
b. Accreditation d. Enumeration

11. It is the idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be
understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against
the criteria of another.
a. Cultural Relativism c. Conformity and
Deviance
b. Ethical Relativism d. Status and Rules

12. It is a term used to describe several philosophical positions concerned with

the differences in moral judgments across different peoples and their own
particular cultures. An advocate of such ideas is often labeled simply as a
relativist for short.
a. Cultural Relativism c. Conformity and
Deviance
b. Ethical Relativism d. Status and Rules

13. It is a process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from
the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the
society. Acculturation is a process in which an individual adopts, acquires
and adjusts to a new cultural environment.
a. Enculturation c. Acculturation
b. Accreditation d. Enumeration

14. An actions are initially not considered deviant until they are labelled as such
by members of the community.
a. Labeling Theory c. Naming Theory
b. Segregating Theory d. Clashing Theory

15. It is an individual’s position in his or her society, which carries with it a set of
defined rights and obligations.
a. Status c. Roles
b. Norms d. Value

What I need to know

Proponents of social learning theory argue that the set of behaviors of an individual is
acquired through enculturation and socialization processes. The variation in human
behavior is attributed to the differences in cultural templates of every society that
the individual learns from. Today, the social learning perspective is more accepted by
sociologists and anthropologists in explaining the development of behavior and attitude
among humans.

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IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES IN ENCULTURATION AND SOCIALIZATION

 Nature- biological inheritance

 Nurture- cultural inheritance
 Socialization- refer to the process by which an individual is oriented and taught
by his or her society’s norms.
 Identity Formation – the compilation of the values, attitudes, and beliefs that
individuals receive from their family, peers, and community enables them to
create a personal identity.
 Primary Identity- consist of the roles and statutes that an individual learns as a
child.

THEORIES ON IDENTITY

Norms and values- it refers to all those ideas held in society that are considered good,
acceptable, and right.

Four Categories of Norms

 Folkways- the socially approved behaviors that have no moral underpinning.

 Mores- the norms related to moral conventions.
 Taboos- behaviors that are absolutely forbidden in specific culture.
 Laws- consists of the rules and regulation that are implemented by the state.

RULES and STATUS

 Status- is an individual’s position in his or her society, which carries with it a

set of defined rights and obligations.

 Roles- the sets of expectation from people who occupy a particular status.

CONFORMITY and DEVIANCE

 Conformity - is the act of following the roles and goals of one’s society.

 Deviance- the act of violating the prescribed social norms.

CULTURAL RELATIVISM is the idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices
should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged
against the criteria of another.

MORAL RELATIVISM OR ETHICAL RELATIVISM (often reformulated as relativist

ethics or relativist morality) is a term used to describe several philosophical positions
concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different peoples and their
own particular cultures. An advocate of such ideas is often labeled simply as a relativist
for short. In detail, descriptive moral relativism holds only that people do, in fact,
disagree fundamentally about what is moral, with no judgment being expressed on the
desirability of this. Meta-ethical moral relativism holds that in such disagreements,
nobody is objectively right or wrong. Normative moral relativism holds that because
nobody is right or wrong, everyone ought to tolerate the behavior of others even when
considerably large disagreements about the morality of particular things exist.

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 ENCULTURATION is the process by which people learn the dynamics of their
surrounding culture and acquire values and norms appropriate or necessary in that
culture and worldviews. As part of this process, the influences that limit, direct, or
shape the individual include parents, other adults, and peers.

It is related to socialization. In some academic fields, socialization refers to the

deliberate shaping of the individual. In others, the word may cover both deliberate and
informal enculturation.

It also the process where the culture that is currently established teaches an individual
the accepted norms and values of the culture or society where the individual lives. The
individual can become an accepted member and fulfil the needed functions and roles of
the group. Most importantly the individual knows and establishes a context of
boundaries and accepted behavior that dictates what is acceptable and not acceptable
within the framework of that society. It teaches the individual their role within society
as well as what is accepted behavior within that society and lifestyle.

ACCULTURATION is a process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems

from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the society.
Acculturation is a process in which an individual adopts, acquires and adjusts to a new
cultural environment.

What’s In

After reading and understanding the write up and explanation regarding the component
of this module based in the description and explanation, identify the four categories of
Norms using the figure below, write your own understanding or description of the
identified norms. Just a reminder before finalizing your answer make use of the pencil to
avoid erasures.

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 What’s New

Several Theories that explain the existence of deviants (human/groups) and deviance
(acts)

 Social Control Theory- deviance is primarily caused by alack in stronger social

bonds within a society.

 Rational Choice Theory- the individual’s decision to follow or to go against social

norms is dependent on their perceived cost and benefit of such action.

 Differential Association Theory- conformity or deviance is learned by an individual

from those he or she associates with.

 Labeling Theory- actions are initially not considered deviant until they are labelled
as such by members of the community.

 Conflict Theory- society consists of opposing groups of people whose access to

power is unequal.

 Structural-functionalist Theory- this theory proposes two perspectives in the

formation of deviant behavior. On the macro level- deviance is a product of the
breakdown of social norms. On the macro level- deviance is a product of the role
strain that an individual experience due to lack of resources to cope with the
demands of the social norms.

Table 1.02 Theories on Society in Comparison

SOCIOLOGIST PERSPECTIVE ON SOCIETY

August Comte Society as a social organism possessing a harmony of

structure and function.
George Herbert Mead Society is an exchange of gestures that involves the use
of symbols.
Emile Durkheim Society as a reality in its own right. Collective
consciousness is of importance to society, with society
cannot survive without.
Mornis GInsberg Society as a collection of individuals united by certain
relationship or mode of behaviour that marks individual
off from others who do not enter into these relationship
or who differ from them in behavior
Talcott Parsons Society is a total complex of human relationship in so far
as they grow out of the action in terms of means-end
relationship
George Douglas Cole Society as the complex of organized association and
institutions with a community
Robert Maclver and Society as a system of usage and procedures of authority
Charles Page and mutual aid of many groupings and divisions, of
control of human behavior and liberties
Shandra (2007

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 What Is It

Given all the information regarding the theories, some Using the graphic organizer, fill-
in the name of the sociologist and write their perspective on society and what theory it
belongs, take the example given below. Please be reminded that Erasures are not
allowed.

SOCIOLOGIST PERSPECTIVE ON SOCIETY THEORY

George Douglas Cole Structured-functionalist Theory

Society as the complex of organized association and

institution with a community

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 What I Have Learned

Our characteristics and behaviours are being influence by an individual who are been
with us or had been in our social living such us the being a hardworking had been
influenced by my father. Give at least one values, behaviour or belief that influence your
personal identity from the society where you belong

Father Mother

Guardians
Religious Leader Teacher

Neighbour Best Friend Close Friend Idol

Based on the activity above how is cultural relativism important in attaining cultural
understanding

Cultural Relativism is important in attaining cultural understanding because

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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 What I can Do

List down examples of Identities that are considered Nature and Nurtures, set of example
being given for your perusal.

Examples of Identities that Examples of Identities that are

are considered Nature considered Nurtured

1. Man 1 Self-reliant
2. ___________ 2 ___________
3. ___________ 3 ___________
4. ___________ 4 ___________
5. ___________ 5 ___________
6. ___________ 6 ___________
7. ___________ 7 ___________
8. ___________ 8 ___________

Additional Activities

As student what are the set of expectation you must be have to be considered a socially
responsible individual, write your answer in the hexagon provided and in the pentagon you
write what are the deviance that most students like to do in a school and in a society as a
whole

DOING OF
SCHOOL
WORK

COMING
TO
SCHOOL
LATE

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 Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Encircle the letter of the best answer

1. This theory proposes two perspectives in the formation of deviant behavior.

On the macro level- deviance is a product of the breakdown of social norms.
On the macro level- deviance is a product of the role strain that an
individual experience due to lack of resources to cope with the demands of
the social norms. a system of checks and balances
a. Rational Choice Theory c. Labelling Theory
b. Structural-functionalist Theory d. Social Control Theory

2. It is the idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be

understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against
the criteria of another.
a. Cultural Relativism c. Conformity and Deviance
b. Ethical Relativism d. Status and Rules

3. It is the individual’s decision to follow or to go against social norms is

dependent on their perceived cost and benefit of such action.
a. Rational Choice Theory c. Labelling Theory
b. Structural-functionalist Theory d. Social Control Theory

4. It is the process by which people learn the dynamics of their surrounding

culture and acquire values and norms appropriate or necessary in that culture
and worldviews. As part of this process, the influences that limit, direct, or
shape the individual include parents, other adults, and peers.
a. Enculturation c. Acculturation
b. Accreditation d. Enumeration

5. An actions are initially not considered deviant until they are labelled as such
by members of the community.
a. Labeling Theory c. Naming Theory
b. Segregating Theory d. Clashing Theory

6. It is the act of following the roles and goals of one’s society.

a. Deviance c. Conformity
b. Abiding d. Following

7. Which of the following statements about ethical standards are TRUE?

a. The upper limits of ethical standards are set by individual standards
b. The laws of economically developed countries generally define the
lowest common denominator of acceptable behavior
c. The actual degree of enforcement of the law in an underdeveloped
country would determine the lower limit of remissible behavior
d. All of the above

8. It is a process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from

the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the
society. Acculturation is a process in which an individual adopts, acquires
and adjusts to a new cultural environment.
a. Enculturation c. Acculturation
b. Accreditation d. Enumeration

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9. We wish to be good citizens of every community in which we operate." This
is
a. Ethical Code c. Political and Social Code
b. Legal Rule d. Legal Act

10. Which statement is/are true?

a. Ethics is not synonymous to religious morality or moral theology
b. Ethics is the principle that guide the human behaviour
c. The terms 'ethics' and 'morality' are not synonymous terms
d. All of the above

11. Which statement is true?

a. Human values system plays a vital role in total quality management
b. Values give the real meaning to total quality management effort
c. Total quality management is a corporate management strategy
d. All of the above

12. Unethical behaviour is often triggered by

a. pressure from higher management to achieve goals
b. an organizational atmosphere that condones such behavior
c. both (a) & (b)
d. None at all

13. The hand-of-government refers to the

a. ability of the government to interfere in business negotiations
b. role of corporations to be profitable within the law
c. effect of national politics on business decisions
d. Impact of changing government regulations

14. It is a term used to describe several philosophical positions concerned with

the differences in moral judgments across different peoples and their own
particular cultures. An advocate of such ideas is often labeled simply as a
relativist for short.
a. Cultural Relativism c. Conformity and Deviance
b. Ethical Relativism d. Status and Rules

15. The proponent of the Society as the complex of organized association and
institutions with a community
a. George Douglas Cole c. Talcott Parsons
b. Mornis Ginsberg d. Emile Durkheim

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 References

Books
Gonzales, Maria Carinnes P. et. al Understanding Culture, Society, and
Politics.,Diwa Learning System Inc., 2016 pp. 40-49

Aguilar, Maria Virginia G. et. al Society, Culture and Politcs., The Phoenix
Publishing House Inc., 2016 pp. 40-50

Lanuza, Gerry M. et. al Understanding Culture, Society, and Politcs., Rex Book
Store and Printing Company Inc., 2016 pp. 35-48

Online Resources
https://ucspsite.wordpress.com/page/

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-relationship-of-culture-society-and-politics

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1468-4446.12613

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]

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