Scribd
Upload
39 views

Dermatology 2: Zienab Halem Faculty of Pharmacy SCU

This document summarizes various dermatological conditions including alopecia, scabies, lice, and tinea infections. It outlines the causes, symptoms, and treatments for each condition. Key treatments discussed include topical corticosteroids, minoxidil, zinc supplements, and antifungal medications such as fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine.

Uploaded by

Wijdan Daoub
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

Dermatology 2: Zienab Halem Faculty of Pharmacy SCU

This document summarizes various dermatological conditions including alopecia, scabies, lice, and tinea infections. It outlines the causes, symptoms, and treatments for each condition. Key treatments discussed include topical corticosteroids, minoxidil, zinc supplements, and antifungal medications such as fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine.

Uploaded by

Wijdan Daoub
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42

Dermatology 2

Zienab Halem
Faculty of pharmacy SCU
Objectives :

 alopecia .
 scabies .
 lice .
 Tinea infection .
Hair loss ( Alopecia )

Result of heredity , certain medications or medical condition .


Baldness : typically refers to excessive hair loss from the scalp .
 alopecia areata most often is asymptomatic but some
patients ( 14 % ) experience a burning sensation or pruritus in
the affected area .
Treatment is not mandatory , because it is benign and
spontaneous remissions and recurrences are common .
Alopecia Areata ( AA )
Autoimmune disease , the immune system attacks its own
hair follicles causing round patches ( area ) of hair loss .
Most affected : asthmatic , diabetic type 1 and
eczematic ppl .

Types :
Alopecia areata , alopecia totalis ( complete loss of scalp
) , alopecia universalis .
Treatment
1 – topical corticosteroids
Intralesional steroids
1st line ttt . ( triamcinolone acetonide )
Topical steroids .
Useful especially in children who can’t tolerate injections .
Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% and fluocinolone
acetonide 0.2%

Twice daily
2 – minoxidil 5%
25 drops twice daily ( 6 spray )
May cause hirsutism
Zinc gluconate
30 – 50 mg / day
 off label use :
 simvastatin / ezetimibe
Powerful lymphocytic modulators and anti
inflammatory agent in dermatology .
 adult :
Intralesional corticosteroids + minoxidil + topical steroids .

Children :
Minoxidil + topical steroids .
Androgenetic alopecia ( AGA)
Pattern hair loss
 In female : hair loss occurs in the frontal hair line
 In male : hair loss occurs in the frontotemporal regions on the vertex of
the scalp , depending on severity
 Ttt. 1 – minoxidil
 2 – finasteride
Finasteride must be continued because discontinuation results in gradual
progression of the disorder. A study in postmenopausal women indicated
no beneficial effect of the medication in treating female androgenetic
alopecia.
 Dose of benign prostate hyperplasia , prostate cancer : 5 mg
once daily
 Dose of AGA : 1 mg once daily .
Scabies
Highly contagious skin condition .
Direct skin to skin contact is the mode of transmission .

Signs & symptoms :


Severe itching and
usually worse at night .
Treatment
Permethrin ( ectomethrin )
Before bed time after shower and left on about 8 – 14
hrs then showered off . ( once )
Crotamiton ( Eurax )
48 hrs then showered off .
Benzyl benzoate ( Benzanil )
24 hrs then showered off .
Ivermectin ( iverzine )
Orally 0.2 mg / kg once and repeated in 2 weeks
contraindicated who less than 15 kg
Lice
Head louse , body louse , pubic louse .

Treatment goals :
1 – pediculicide agent .
2 – control the symptoms of itching to prevent secondary
infection .
3 – clean the environmental of potential lice and eggs .
Malathion ( lice clean , prioderm 0.5 % lotion )
on dry hair and washed off after 8 – 12 hrs
Re-applied after 7 – 10 days
 piperonyl butoxide ( licid shampoo )
Applied like a shampoo to dry hair for 10 min. and then
rinsed off with cool water .
Repeated if necessary once in a 24 hr period ..
Repeated treatment in 7 – 10 days to kill newly .
Permethrin ( Ectomethrin )
Leave on hair for 10 min. and rinse with water .
Repeated with 7 – 10 days .
Tinea infections
Dermatophyte infection ( Ring worm )( Tinea )
develops on the top layer of the skin .
Red circular rash with clearer skin in the middle .
Ring worm is contagious .
Fungi thrive in moist , worm areas such as locker
rooms , tanning beds , swimming pools and folds .
Can be spread by sharing sport goods , towels and
clothing .
1 – tinea barbae .
2 – tinea capitis
May occur hair loss
 3 – tinea corporis( body )
 4 – tinea cruris or jock itch ( sexual area )
Most common
5 – tinea faciei ( face )
6 – tinea manuum ( hand )
 7 – tinea pedis ( Athlete’s foot )
8 – Tinea unguium ( Nail )
 9 – tinea versicolor
Common
Treatment :

Fluconazole
150 mg once weekly or 50 mg once daily for 2 – 4 weeks .
For tinea pedis may require up to 6 weeks .
For nail infection 150 – 300 mg once a week for 3 – 6 months.
 itraconazole
For nail infection
Finger nails : 2 ttt. Pulses which are separated by 3 weeks
without treatment each consisting of 200 mg every 12 hrs
for 1 week .

Toenails : with or without fingernail involvement 200 mg /


day for 12 weeks .
Imidazole
Ketoconazole , miconazole , econazole , clotrimazole ,
isoconazole , oxiconazole , tioconazole ,
sertaconazole , butoconazole , terconazole .
Terbinafine
For nail infection ( drug of choice ) : 250 mg once daily
for 6 week .
For tinea corporis & cruris : 250 mg / day in single dose or
divided every 12 hr for 2 – 4 weeks .
For tinea pedis : 250 mg / day in single dose or divided
every 12 hr for 2 – 6 weeks .
 ciclopirox , tolnaftate , clioquinol .

You might also like