Basic Gymnastics: Tarekegn Zarihun (MSC.)
Basic Gymnastics: Tarekegn Zarihun (MSC.)
Basic Gymnastics: Tarekegn Zarihun (MSC.)
Tarekegn
Zarihun(msc.)
What is gymnastics?
Gymnastics is a sport involving performance of
exercises requiring :-
physical strength
flexibility
agility
coordination
and balance.
Internationally all of the gymnastic sports are
governed by the Fédération Internationale de
Gymnastique (FIG) with each country having its
own national governing body affiliated to FIG.
Gymnastics
• Is a sport that involves the performance sequence of
physical movements?
• Is a graceful and artistic sport that requires a
combination of strength, balance, agility, and muscle
coordination, usually performed on a specialized
apparatus?
• Is a sport in which people move their bodies smoothly?
• Is a competitive sport that requires physical strength,
flexibility and kinesthetic awareness?
Gymnastics is a sport that requires
Balance
Strength
Flexibility
Agility
Coordination and
Endurance.
The movements involved in gymnastics contribute to the
development of the arms, legs, shoulders, back, chest
and abdominal muscle groups
AS A SUBJECT MATTER
• Gymnastics is a harmonized system of specially
selected activities which are scientifically organized
and methodologically arranged to achieve motoric and
educational objectives.
ENTYMOLOGY
• The word Gymnastics comes from the Greek word
gymnazein/ gymnos, meaning exercising without
clothes (Train naked).
HISTORY OF GYMNASTICS
• There is no doubt among historians that, people perform
gymnastics and gymnastic-related activities like, trembling,
jumping, swimming and a group of acrobatic in the early
history of mankind in a number of areas around the world.
• Gymnastics is the oldest sport has been around for over
thousand years.
• This sport was first introduced for military training and later
on recognized as a sport.
• It is one of the oldest games to be part of the Olympics.
• The sport traces its origin from Greece, to Roman ceremonies
and to today’s modern days.
• It was introduced to the United States in the mid 1800’s.
• In1896 gymnastics came into the Olympics.
• The World Championship gymnastics emerged in the early
1900s, and it is still held to this every day.
• In Gymnastics there are many people who accomplish above
the line. Such as Mary Lou Retton, the first women to gain a
gymnastic Gold medal in all of United States.
• Another, famous gymnast is Larissa Semyonovna Latynina,
the first woman to win more Olympic tittles than any sport.
• Circus style acrobatics were performed in ancient Egypt.
• By 800Bc Greek, China, Persia, and India were using
gymnastics for military training.
• Especially Spartans were rigid in providing gymnastics training
for their girls.
• Ancient Romans used gymnastics as part of their military
training to improve the strength, balance, and flexibility of the
soldiers.
• However, the actual development of gymnastics began in the
early history of Greek and Rome. In fact the name is drive from
Greek.
• In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Germany, two
pioneer physical educators contributed for the development
gymnastics.
1. Johann Guts Muths who is known as “The great grandfather of
gymnastics”
• Introduced gymnastics in to the Prussian school.
• Wrote several works on the subject including gymnastics for youth
and the first book on modern gymnastics in 1793.
• Develop a complete program of exercise designed to improve
balance and muscular strength.
2. His follower, a gymnast teacher Fredrich Ludwing John, The real
father of gymnastics
• Developed the idea of combining gymnastic training with patriotic
demonstration.
• Developed three types of apparatus that are still used in gymnastics.
– High bar
– Parallel bar
– Rings
In the end of 19th century men gymnastics become
popular enough to be included in the 1st modern
Olympic game held in 1896.
The 1st women Olympic game was held in 1928 in
Amsterdam.
FEG which include representatives from Belgium,
France and Netherlands was founded on July 23, 1881
Liege and Nicolas J. cuperus was a president.
Forty years later (April 7, 1921) FEG becomes FIG
(Federation international De Gymnastics).
What is the value of gymnastics?
• It has the ability to develop individuals’ physical development, strength,
coordination, balance, special awareness and mental thinking while focusing
on an athletic task.
• The various movements in gymnastics make the body stronger, more flexible
and can prevent physical deterioration.
• As an Olympian you would want to reach the top of your sport by earning a
gold medal on an event, in the all-around or being on a team.
• As a recreational gymnast, you may just want to learn how to flip or get
more flexible or just have fun in the gym.
What is the purpose of gymnastics?
• To promote the sport of gymnastics as a multidiscipline sport
providing the opportunity of participating and promoting fitness,
wellbeing and social values at all levels of interest and ability
regardless of age from the recreation to the high performance level.
• Promote health
• Gymnastics are not limited to producing and maintaining health, but
are also used for correcting physical defects, to overcome round
shoulders, flat chests, and other common faulty positions. A good
carriage of the body is worth a fortune. The time to acquire that is in
youth. Little or nothing can be done to correct defects after twenty
years of age.
• Another purpose of gymnastics is to develop strength by increase of size of
muscles. Size of muscles is not the most important object of exercises as many
people think, although it is the most widely advertised feature; yet size of
muscles usually denotes strength and physical vigor, therefore it must be
considered in this connection.
• Gymnastics are not only used for health, correction, and strength, but for
esthetic and social purposes. The appeal to the sense of beauty was first
made through bodily motion, such as dancing and evolutions. It still, holds its
place by the same means, and also by large classes performing simple or
intricate movements in unison, gracefully done with the accompaniment of
music and dress. It certainly has a distinct and unique place in esthetic culture.
VALUES AND PURPOSE OF GYMNASTICS
• Exercises that build flexibility are essential for gymnasts, not only
for the correct execution of routines, but also for safety reasons.
The use of weights is also necessary to build the strength needed for
many of the routine
Purpose Physical preparation
Fewer/less serious injuries
Faster skill acquisition
Faster recovery from fatigue
Reduce fear
Less muscle soreness
More intense participation
Physical preparation for gymnast includes
Warming up
Flexibility
Strength
Cool down
WARMING UP
Is an activity performed before any strenuous exercise?
Is one of the most important aspects of any physical
activity?
Should be focus on exercises that are directly related to
the type of routine to be performed.
Purpose of warming up
Increase blood flow to the working muscles.
Increase body temperature
Increase oxygen up take
Prepare the working muscles for the activity
Reduce the chance of injury
The length of warming up depends on
Temperature
Individual deference
Type of the activity
But it must be normally 10-15 minutes in length.
The warm up should be
Incorporate same sort of team game
Concentrate on stretching specific joints
complexes and muscle groups
Included individuals as well as partner
exercises
Remember to stretch muscles gently not
dynamically or aggressively Includes same
basic skills e g. Landing drills or balancing
exercises.
FLEXIBILITY: - is required to improve and maintain the range
of movements in all joint complexes
Purpose of flexibility
Easer to learn gymnastic movements
Reduce risk of injury
Allows for amplitude of movement
Flexibility training
Should follow a good warm up to raise the temperature of the
muscles and tendons
Use stretching which is SLOW, PROGRESSIVE, and
PROLONGED.
Should be joints specific and major muscle movement.
Selected to suit gymnast.
STRENGTH: - this program must be carefully planned for
young gymnast.70% of the program should be physical
preparation. As skill level increase this percentage falls but
should never drop below 30% of the total time.
Method of strength training
Maximum strength: small number of repetition
but heavy load of resistance.
Power strength: 8 to 10 repetition medium load
or resistance.
Isometric strength: hold shapes for increasing
period of time.
Endurance strength: repetition of elements
many times i.e 20-30 low demand.
When we construct training or program try to
use exercise that stimulate gymnastics
movement and use the apparatus
Points to be considered when we construct
strength program
Age
Physical development of gymnast
Area of weakness
Type of strength you wish to develop
COOL DOWN after exercise /work out/ it is
important to promote an effective recovery
from physical activity. So cool down is an
exercise performed after a training session for
the purpose of
Regeneration
Reduce muscle soreness
Remove lactic acid
Recovery
Relax
Energy store in the muscle
Callisthenic Exercise
Callisthenic exercises are a natural form of exercise with variety
of simple movements using only your body weight for resistance.