Software, Data Editing: Experiment 1: Basic Fundamentals, Installation and Use of

Experiment 1: Basic fundamentals, installation and use of
software, data editing
AIM: Basic fundamentals of R

 Variables: Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to
store values. This means that when you create a variable you reserve
some space in memory.
 Data operators:
• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Relational operators
• Logical operators
• Special operators
 Data type: No need to declare variables before using them

 Vectors: Sequence of data elements of same type
 Lists: Sequence of data elements of different types
 Arrays: Used to store data in more than 2 dimensions
 Matrices: Used to arrange elements in 2- dimensional rectangular
layout
 Factors: Used to categorize data and store it as levels
 Data frame: Data frame is a table or two-dimensional array-like
structure in which each column contains values of one variable and
each row contains one set of values from each column.
 Flow control statements:

• If
• If- else
• Switch
• Repeat
• For
• While
• Break
• Next
AIM: Installation of R
 For Windows
• Go to CRAN R project website.
• Click on the Download R for Windows link.
• Click on the base subdirectory link or install R for the first
time link.
• Click Download R X.X.X for Windows (X.X.X stand for the
latest version of R) and save the executable .exe file.
• Run the .exe file and follow installation instructions
AIM: Applications of R
• Statistical research
• Machine learning
• Deep learning
• Finding genetic anomalies and patterns
• Perform various statistical computations and analysis
• Clustering
• Used by universities like Cornell University and UCLA
• Used by top IT companies- Accenture, IBM, TCS, Paytm, Wipro,
Google, Microsoft
AIM: Data editing in R
DataEditR is an R package that makes it easy to interactively view,

enter, filter and edit data. We can use data_edit() function.
This package can be installed by:
Experiment 2: Use of R as a calculator, functions and
assignments
AIM: Use of R as calculator

 Addition
5+4
9
 Subtraction
5-4
1
 Multiplication
5*4
20
 Division
35/8
4.375
 Exponentials
3^ (1/2)
1.732051
AIM: R as Function
 Built-in
print(mean(22:80))
51
print(sum(41:70))
1665
 User defined
my_function <- function(x) {
return (5 * x)
}
print(my_function(3))
15
AIM: R as Assignment
x <- 3
x <<- 3
3 -> x
3 ->> x
y=5
print(x)
print(y)
3
5
Experiment 3: Use of R for matrix operations, missing data and

logical operators
AIM: Matrix operations

 Create
m <- matrix(c(1, 5, 6, 8), nrow = 2, ncol = 2)
n <- matrix(c(1,2,3,4), nrow = 2, ncol = 2)
print(m)
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 6
[2,] 5 8
print(n)
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 3
[2,] 2 4
m+n
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 2 9
[2,] 7 12
m*n
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 18
[2,] 10 32
AIM: Missing data

 Finding Missing values
x<- c(NA, 3, 4, NA, NA, NA)
is.na(x)
TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE
 Removing NA or NaN values
x <- c(1, 2, NA, 3, NA, 4)
d <- is.na(x)
x[! d]
1234
AIM: Logical operators
vec1 <- c(0,2)
vec2 <- c(TRUE,FALSE)
 Performing operations on Operands
cat ("Element wise AND :", vec1 & vec2, "\n")
cat ("Element wise OR :", vec1 | vec2, "\n")
cat ("Logical AND :", vec1 && vec2, "\n")
cat ("Logical OR :", vec1 || vec2, "\n")
cat ("Negation :", !vec1,"\n")
Element wise AND : FALSE FALSE

Element wise OR : TRUE TRUE
Logical AND : FALSE
Logical OR : TRUE
Negation : TRUE FALSE
Experiment 4: Conditional executions and loops, data

management with sequences
AIM: If-else
a <- 33
b <- 20
if (b > a) {
print("b is greater than a")
}else {
print("b is not greater than a")
}
"b is not greater than a"
AIM: Switch
x <- switch(
3,
"a",
"b",
"c",
"d"
)
print(x)
“c”
AIM: For loop

for (x in 1:5) {
print(x)
}
1
2
3
4
5
AIM: While loop

i <- 1
while (i < 4) {
print(i)
i <- i + 1
}
1
2
3
AIM: Sequences
seq (10)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sys.Date ( )
"2023-04-15"
Experiment 5: Data management with repeats, sorting,

ordering, and lists
AIM: Repeats
rep (3.5, times = 4)
3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
rep ( 1 :4, 2)
12341234
AIM: Sorting
y <- c(8,5,7,6)
sort (y)
5678
sort (y , decreasing = TRUE)
8765
AIM: Ordering
y <- c(8,5,7,6)
order(y)
2431
AIM: Lists
x <- list("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(x)
[[1]]
[1] "apple"
[[2]]
[1] "banana"
[[3]]
[1] "cherry"
Experiment 6: Vector indexing, factors, Data management with

strings, display and formatting
AIM: Vector indexing

letters [1 : 3]
"a" "b" "c"
letters [c(2,4,6) ]
"b" "d" "f"
AIM: Factors
genre <- factor(c("Jazz", "Rock", "Classic", "Classic", "Pop", "Jazz", "Rock",
"Jazz"))
print(genre)
Jazz Rock Classic Classic Pop Jazz Rock Jazz
Levels: Classic Jazz Pop Rock
AIM: Strings formatting

print (pi )
3.141593
print ( pi , digits = 5)
3.1416
print (format ( pi, digits = 10) )
"3.141592654"
 Machine Learning extension (Mlxtend)
 Apriori
 Get unique values from a column

 Iterate over rows
 Apriori frequent items

 Apriori
 Read data
 Grouping
 Transaction encoder
 Apriori
 Sorting
 ECLAT
 Read dataset
 Shape of data
 Scatter plot
 KMeans
 Clustering
 Scatter graph
 Line graph
INDEX
s.no. Content
R LAB STATISTICS
PRACTICAL FILE
Name : Vinay
Roll No : 21001016070
Branch : Btech CS (with specialization
in Data Science)
Year : 2nd
Submitted to: Dr. Neelam

Software, Data Editing: Experiment 1: Basic Fundamentals, Installation and Use of

Uploaded by

Software, Data Editing: Experiment 1: Basic Fundamentals, Installation and Use of

Uploaded by

Experiment 1: Basic fundamentals, installation and use of

software, data editing

AIM: Basic fundamentals of R

 Data type: No need to declare variables before using them

 Flow control statements:

AIM: Data editing in R

DataEditR is an R package that makes it easy to interactively view,

AIM: Use of R as calculator

Experiment 3: Use of R for matrix operations, missing data and

AIM: Matrix operations

AIM: Missing data

Element wise AND : FALSE FALSE

Experiment 4: Conditional executions and loops, data

AIM: For loop

AIM: While loop

Experiment 5: Data management with repeats, sorting,

Experiment 6: Vector indexing, factors, Data management with

AIM: Vector indexing

AIM: Strings formatting

 Get unique values from a column

 Apriori frequent items

Submitted to: Dr. Neelam

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