CLASS 7 GEOGRAPHY OUR CHANGING EARTH QUESandANS

CLASS 7
GEOGRAPHY: OUR CHANGING EARTH
(QUESTION/ ANSWERS)
Q1. On what basis do we divide forces which lead to different movements? Class Work
The earth movements are divided on the basis of the forces which cause them:
→ Endogenic forces: The forces which act in the interior of the earth.
→ Exogenic forces: The forces that work on the surface of the earth.
Q2. How does an earthquake occur? How do we measure it? Home Work
When the Lithospheric plates move, the surface of the earth vibrates whose vibrations can travel
all-around the earth. These vibrations are called earthquakes.
→ The place in the crust where the movement starts is called the focus.
→ The place on the surface above the focus is called the epicentre.
An earthquake is measured with a machine called a seismograph
The magnitude (scale) of the earthquake is measured on the Richter scale.
Q3. With the help of diagrams describe the landforms created by a river. Home Work
The running water in the river erodes the landscape.
When the river tumbles at a steep angle over very hard rocks or down a steep valley side it forms a waterfall.
As the river enters the plain it twists and turns forming large bends known as meanders.
Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the meander, oxbow lake is created over time.
When the river overflows its banks, it leads to the flooding of the neighbouring areas.
→ The flooding results in deposition of layers of fine soil and other material called sediments alongits banks
which leads to the formation of a flat fertile floodplain.
→ The raised banks are called levees.
As the river approaches the sea, the speed of the flowing water decreases and the river begins to break up.
→ The breaking of the river into a number of streams called distributaries.
The river becomes so slow that it begins to deposit its load.

→ Each distributary forms its own mouth.
→ The collection of sediments from all the mouths of the river forms a delta.
Q4. Explain the erosional and depositional landforms created by sea waves. Class Work
• The erosion and deposition of the sea waves gives rise to coastal landforms.
• Sea waves continuously strike at the rocks. Cracks develop. Over time they become larger and wider.
Thus, hollow like caves are formed on the rocks. They are called sea caves.
• As these cavities become bigger and bigger only the roof of the caves remains, thus forming sea arches.
Further, erosion breaks the roof and only walls are left. These wall-like features are called stacks.
• The steep rocky coast rising almost vertically above sea water is called sea cliff.
• The sea waves deposit sediments along the shores forming beaches.
Q5. Describe the wind action in the desert areas. Class Work
• An active agent of erosion and deposition in the deserts is wind.
• In deserts, rocks are present in the shape of a mushroom, commonly called mushroom rocks.
• Winds erode the lower section of the rock more than the upper part.
→ Therefore, such rocks have a narrower base and wider top.
→ When the wind blows, it lifts and transports sand from one place to another.
→ When it stops blowing the sand falls and gets deposited in low hills – like structures which are
called sand dunes.
• When the grains of sand are very fine and light, the wind can carry it over very long distances.
→ When such sand is deposited in large areas, it is called loess.
→ Large deposits of loess are found in China.
Q6. Define Home Work
(a) Volcanoes
A volcano is a vent (opening) in the earth’s crust through which molten material erupts suddenly.
(b) Weathering
Weathering is the breaking up of the rocks on the earth’s surface.

(c) Erosion
Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and ice.
(d) Loess
When the grains of sand are very fine and light, the wind can carry it over very long distances. When
such sand is deposited in large areas, it is called loess. Large deposits of loess are found in China.

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CLASS 7

GEOGRAPHY: OUR CHANGING EARTH

An earthquake is measured with a machine called a seismograph

The magnitude (scale) of the earthquake is measured on the Richter scale.

The river becomes so slow that it begins to deposit its load.

Q6. Define Home Work

Weathering is the breaking up of the rocks on the earth’s surface.

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