Nut 3704 Assignment

NAME : TSEPO MNTUNGWA
STUDENT NUMBER: 39236862
UNIQUE NUMBER: 875085
Feasible nutrition intervention program to address the
rapid rise in obesity in my community.
( insufficient physical activity)

1. Introduction
The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing, accounting
for nearly 70% of all deaths, with LMICs accounting for more than three-quarters of
all deaths [(World Health Organization, 2022) . A significant portion of these deaths
are linked to certain behavioural risk factors that are modifiable l risk factors such as
poor or unhealthy eating habits with high consumption of sugar, fats, and salt and low
consumption of fruits and vegetables and also insufficient physical activity among
communities all this are linked to obesity which is a metabolic risk factor for NCDs
(Nutbeam, 2003).
It should be noted that the global prevalence of overweight or obesity, as well as

physical inactivity, is increasing (Endo et al., 2015).Globally, physical inactivity has
been shown to be an independent risk factor for a range of chronic conditions and is
one of the major public health challenges globally (Koeneman,2011). Increased
physical activity has been shown to lower the risk of coronary heart disease [3 - 5],
type 2 diabetes [6], and hypertension [7].
Despite this understanding of the benefits of physical activity, physical inactivity and
its harmful repercussions continue to be a global concern. More specifically, while
communicable diseases like HIV and tuberculosis are likely to remain the primary
health concerns for Sub-Saharan African countries in the near future,
noncommunicable diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension, which
are linked to physical inactivity, have become more prevalent [8, 9].
In South Africa, urbanization and concomitant socioeconomic development can be

blamed for a substantial portion of the rise in obesity and physical inactivity among
adults. There has been a change away from agriculturally based economies toward
cash-based economies, which has lowered the demand for physical labor while
increasing the demand for sedentary or less intensive physical employment [8 - 10].
This is especially noteworthy because a big portion of the physical activity that
working-class South Africans engage in is walking for transit and physical activities
related to their professions. Physical inactivity, defined as no or very little physical
activity at work, at home, for transportation, or during leisure time, has increased. At
ther adolcence stage its here its very critical for the human body to be active as it’s a
transitory period (Sawyer et al.,2018 ) that is accompany by social
development,physical,psychological atylend with the increasing of socialization with
friends and independence outside the family lifestyle(Patton et al.,2012).
This age group mostly consist of around one-quarter of the global population, with
the majority them being adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries
(Erken et al., 2019) . The global prevalence of obese adolescents was more than
double that of 2000 in 2016 (Bray et al., 2018) ,showing the continued global
epidemic of NCD risk factors in LMICs.
Physical inactivity increases with pubertal growth in adolescence (Mickklesfield et

al .2014), with physical activity dropping at a rate of 7% each year( Dumith et
al .2011). According to the 2014 Healthy Active Kids South Africa Report Card, just
half of the teenagers exceeded physical activity recommendations. Adolescent
inactivity is likely to convert into adult inactivity (Raustorp,.2013), making
adolescence a vital era for increasing physical activity.
REFERENCES:
World Health Organization (2022). Noncommunicable Diseases. [online] World

Health Organisation. Available at:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.
Nutbeam, D. (2003). How does evidence influence public health policy? Tackling
health inequalities in England. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 14(3), pp.154–
158. doi:https://doi.org/10.1071/he03154.
Endo, Y., Asou, Hikari K., Matsugae, N., Hirahara, K., Shinoda, K., Tumes, Damon
J., Tokuyama, H., Yokote, K. and Nakayama, T. (2015). Obesity Drives Th17 Cell
Differentiation by Inducing the Lipid Metabolic Kinase, ACC1. Cell Reports, [online]
12(6), pp.1042–1055. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.014.
Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, Patton GC. The age of adolescence.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2018 Mar;2(3):223-228. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Patton GC, Coffey C, Cappa C, Currie D, Riley L, Gore F, et al. Health of the world's
adolescents: a synthesis of internationally comparable data. Lancet 2012 Apr
28;379(9826):1665-1675
Erken, A., Besic, M., Herzegovina, B., Xavante, T., Brazil, S., Yang, D., Elsayed, U.,
Ahmed, A., Chacón, G., Marta, P., Sanca, Guinea-Bissau, F., Derismé, Haiti, R.,
Mahalingam, Ranasinghe, S., Rasamee, L. and Kasya, J. (2019). Ensuring rights and
choices for all since 1969 the pursuit of rights and choices FOR ALL EDITOR-IN-
CHIEF. [online] Available at:
https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNFPA_PUB_2019_EN_State_of_
World_Population.pdf.
World Health Organization. Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2018.

Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018:1-223.
S.C. Dumith, D.P. Gigante, M.R. Domingues, et al.Physical activity change during
adolescence: A systematic review and a pooled analysis Int J Epidemiol, 40 (2011),
pp. 685-698.In
A. Raustorp, Y. Ekroth
Tracking of pedometer-determined physical activity: A 10-year follow-up study from

adolescence to adulthood in Sweden
J Phys Act Health, 10 (2013), pp. 1186-1192
Koeneman MA, Verheijden MW, Chinapaw MJ, Hopman-Rock M. Determinants of

physical activity and exercise in healthy older adults: A systematic review. Int J
Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011; 8(1): 142.

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NAME : TSEPO MNTUNGWA

STUDENT NUMBER: 39236862

UNIQUE NUMBER: 875085

Feasible nutrition intervention program to address the

rapid rise in obesity in my community.

( insufficient physical activity)

It should be noted that the global prevalence of overweight or obesity, as well as

In South Africa, urbanization and concomitant socioeconomic development can be

Physical inactivity increases with pubertal growth in adolescence (Mickklesfield et

World Health Organization (2022). Noncommunicable Diseases. [online] World

World Health Organization. Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2018.

Tracking of pedometer-determined physical activity: A 10-year follow-up study from

J Phys Act Health, 10 (2013), pp. 1186-1192

Koeneman MA, Verheijden MW, Chinapaw MJ, Hopman-Rock M. Determinants of

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