ENGLISH- Grade 9

STUDENT’S NAME GRADE / SECTION

________________________________ ________________________________
TEACHER DATE SUBMITTED
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I. LEARNING SKILLS
A. Most Essential Learning Competency: Analyze literature as a means of
understanding unchanging values in the VUCA (volatile, uncertain,
complex, ambiguous) world

B. Objectives:
a. Extract important details from the selection;
b. Identify literary devices used; and
c. Infer character traits and draw conclusions.

II. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

A literary device is a tool used by writers to hint at larger themes, ideas, and
meaning in a story or piece of writing. There are many styles of literary devices, each
serving a different purpose. Some operate at the sentence level, while others serve
the piece of writing as a whole. Writers often use multiple literary devices in tandem.
Source: https://www.masterclass.com/articles/22-essential-literary-devices#what-is-a-literary-device

Literary Devices

A. Figure of Speech - is a word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from

its literal definition.
1. Metaphor
Many common figures of speech are metaphors. However, metaphors
use figurative language to make comparisons between unrelated things or
ideas.
The “peak of her career,” for example, is a metaphor, since a career is
not a literal mountain with a peak, but the metaphor represents the idea of
arriving at the highest point of one’s career.
2. Simile
A simile is a very common figure of speech that uses the words “like”
and “as” to compare two things that are not related by definition.
For example, “he is as tall as a mountain,” doesn’t mean he was
actually 1,000 feet tall, it just means he was really tall.

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 3. Idiom
It is a common phrase with a figurative meaning. Idioms are different
from other figures of speech in that their figurative meanings are mostly known
within a particular language, culture, or group of people.
Example: There’s a supermarket and a pharmacy in the mall, so if we go
there, we can kill two birds with one stone. (The idiom is a common way of
saying that two tasks can be completed in the same amount of time or same
place.)
4. Proverb
It is a short, commonplace saying that is universally understood in
today’s language and used to express general truths.
Example: I know you think you’re going to sell all of those cookies, but
don’t count your chickens before they hatch! (Here, “don’t count your
chickens before they hatch” means that you shouldn’t act like something has
happened before it actually does.)

B. Characterizations - are the methods by which story tellers reveal the traits of
characters.
Two types of Characterizations
1. Direct characterization - is when a narrator or character describes another
character directly.
Example: Tom struggled in school but tried hard. Pam was lazy but learned
very quickly. (Explicit – clearly or directly stated)
2. Indirect characterization - is when character traits are revealed through a
character’s behaviour or actions.
Example: Jess left the pizza crust on her floor. Tim helped old Ms. Jones
with her bags. (Implicit – not clearly stated, implied)

C. Imagery – is one of the elements of a poem that invokes any of the five senses to
create a set of mental images. Specifically, using vivid or figurative language to
represent ideas, objects, or actions. We use imagery in everyday speech to convey
our meaning.
Types of Imagery
1. Visual imagery (sight) - in this form of poetic imagery, the poet appeals to
the reader’s sense of sight by describing something the speaker or narrator
of the poem sees. It may include colors, brightness, shapes, sizes, and
patterns. To provide readers with visual imagery, poets often use metaphor,
simile, or personification in their description.
Example: The sunset was the most gorgeous they’d ever seen; the
clouds were edged with pink and gold.
2. Auditory imagery (hearing) - this form of poetic imagery appeals to the
reader’s sense of hearing or sound. It may include music and other pleasant
sounds, harsh noises, or silence. In addition to describing a sound, the poet
might also use a sound device like onomatopoeia, or words that imitate
sounds, so reading the poem aloud recreates the auditory experience.
Example: The concert was so loud that her ears rang for days afterward.
3. Olfactory imagery (smell) - In this form of poetic imagery, the poet appeals
to the reader’s sense of smell by describing something the speaker of the
poem inhales. It may include pleasant fragrances or off-putting odors.
Example: After eating the curry, his breath reeked of garlic.

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 4. Gustatory imagery (taste) - In this form of poetic imagery, the poet appeals
to the reader’s sense of taste by describing something the speaker or
narrator of the poem tastes. It may include sweetness, sourness, saltiness,
savoriness, or spiciness.
Example: The familiar tang of his grandmother’s cranberry sauce
reminded him of his youth.
5. Tactile imagery (touch) – In this form of poetic imagery, the poet appeals
to the reader’s sense of touch by describing something the speaker of the
poem feels on their body. It may include the feel of temperatures, textures,
and other physical sensations.
Example: The tree bark was rough against her skin.
6. Organic imagery (emotion) - In this form of imagery, the poet
communicates internal sensations such as fatigue, hunger, and thirst as well
as internal emotions such as fear, love, and despair.
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/poetry-101-what-is-imagery-learn-about-the-7-types-of-imagery

Key Points to Remember

❖ Drawing conclusions is using information that is implied or inferred to make
meaning out of what is not clearly stated. Writers give readers hints or clues
that help them read between the lines since not everything is explicitly stated
or spelled out all the time.
❖ Inference - is an idea or conclusion that's drawn from evidence and reasoning.
An inference is an educated guess. We learn about some things by
experiencing them first-hand, but we gain other knowledge by inference — the
process of inferring things based on what is already known.

III. ACTIVITIES
A. Practice Task 1: What I mean is . . .
Match the idiom in column A with its meaning in column B. Write the letter of
your choice in your activity sheets.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Sit on the fence a. Delay or avoid making a decision
2. Hit the nail on the head b. Very frank or intimate conversation
3. Heart to heart talk c. Keep quiet; stop talking
4. Bag of bones d. Guess correctly
5. Bit my head off e. Very thin
6. Hold your tongue f. Very angry; speak sharply
7. Break the ice g. Make the guest feel comfortable
8. Pull a leg h. A successful performance that makes
the audience applaud again and again
9. Pick a person’s brain i. Fool someone
10. Bring the house down j. Get specific information through tactful
questions

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Practice Task 2: FIGURE it out!
Identify the figure speech used in the sentences below. Choose from the box the
figure of speech used.

1. Crocodile tears
2. Friendship is sheltering.
3. Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.
4. Her lips are like macopas in the garden.
5. If you chase two rabbits, you will lose them both.

Practice Task 3:
Read the passage and answer the questions. Choose the correct answer.

Mary went downstairs. There was an aroma in the air. The table was set with
warm blueberry muffins, freshly squeezed orange juice, and brewed coffee. A note
was left on the table. It said, "Dear Mary, Have a great day. Good Luck with your new
job. Love, Dan" Next to the note there was a wrapped present with a bow on top.

1. Who is Mary?
a. A wife b. A husband c. A baker
2. What time of the day is it?
a. Morning b. Afternoon c. Evening
3. Based on the information in the passage, what does aroma probably mean?
a. Something pretty b. Something nice c. Something that smell
4. There was a brewed coffee on the table. What does brewed mean?
a. old b. made c. plain
5. What was the purpose of the note?
a. To inform b. To entertain c. To congratulate
6. Who is Dan?
a. Her husband b. Her boss c. Her neighbor
7. What is Mary’s new job?
a. Store clerk b. Baker c. not enough information given
8. Who probably made the muffin, orange juice and coffee?
a. Mary b. Dan c. Their neighbor
9. Why was there a present on the table?
a. To congratulate b. To say sorry c. A thank you gift
10. What was inside the present?
a. Chocolates b. Dress c. not enough information given

B. ASSESSMENT
Learning things in figurative language helps you to improve your understanding
of the figurative aspect of the language while also exposing yourselves to the use and
understanding of cliches and slang. Furthermore, making inferences and drawing
conclusions give you a powerful tool for understanding things you read, as well as
helping you to understand people and the decisions they make. With these things in
mind, you can better understand varied texts that you may encounter.

Read the following sentences then write the letter of the best answer to each
question that follows.

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 1. “ Father, give me my share of the state”. The son is ___________.
a. envious b. disrespectful c. industrious
2. She spoke as if her tongue had been dipped in acid. She spoke __________.
a. cheerfully b. angrily c. calmly
3. I heard a mother sigh, ”I hope your father is safe on his way home tonight”. She
felt silent after that. The mother feels_____________.
a. bad b. worried c. confident
4. The night had come quickly and stars were twinkling overhead. We could hear
the mighty throb of the engine far below down the deck. Where were the
people?
a. on a train b. on a plane c. on a ship
5. “We can only set out nets a few times a day. Setting the nets and hauling them
in takes a lot of time and work” Who is the speaker?
a. a fisherman b. an acrobat c. a hunter
6. Left alone, cutie would lie down on her mattress with her forepaws under her
head. It can be inferred that cutie is a __________?
a. baby b. cat c. chick
7. Which word gives a clue to your answer in the preceding item?
a. mattress b. head c. forepaws
8. “His words cut deeper than a knife”. What figure of speech is used in the
sentence?
a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Proverb
9. “It’s raining cats and dogs because of the typhoon”. What figure of speech is
used in the sentence?
a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Idiom
10. “You were as brave as a lion a while back!” What figure of speech is used in
the sentence?
a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Proverb

IV. REFLECTION/COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS

1. Which part of the lesson helped you to understand the concept well?

2. What difficulty/difficulties did you encounter that you need further explanation from
your teacher?

V. REFERENCES
English 9 Learning Module
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/poetry-101-what-is-imagery-learn-about-the-7-types-of-imagery
https://www.cuesta.edu/student/resources/ssc/study_guides/reading_comp/308_read_infer.html
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/guide-to-direct-characterization-and-indirect-
characterization#what-is-indirect-characterization
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/22-essential-literary-devices#what-is-a-literary-device

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VI. ANSWER KEY
Practice Task 1

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. F
6. C 7. G 8. I 9. J 10.H

Practice Task 2
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D

Practice Task 3
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C
6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C

ASSESSMENT
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A
6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A

Prepared by:

MIA KRISTINE M. LOPEZ, T-I

Camarines Norte National High School
Division of Camarines Norte

Quality Assured by:

AL BAMBINO M. CAMINO, MT I ANITA G. RECODO, MT II

Vinzons Pilot High School Vinzons Pilot High School
Division of Camarines Norte Division of Camarines Norte

EMMA V. DASCO
EPS I – English
Division of Camarines Norte

CLEOFE D. ARIOLA
EPS-I
Sorsogon City Division

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