PAPER OF SPEAKING FOR TOURISM

VARIED TYPES OF TOURISM

Group 2

Lecturer :
Zakiyah, M.Pd

Arranged by :
Afini Qurrota Ayun 2111
Aisyah Azzahra 2111
Hayatun Nufus 2111
Nabillah Putri Nur Azizah 2111040263
Nur Khoiriza Hidayat 2111
Rahma Nurhaliza 2111

ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY STATE OF RADEN INTAN

LAMPUNG
EDUCATION AND TEACHER FACULTY
ENGLISH EDUCATION
TA 2022/2023
TABLE OF CONTENT
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Tourism is one of the promising sectors of the country's income. Every
country is competing to advance the field of tourism to introduce their country to
the world. The tourism sector has an important role as a source of foreign
exchange earnings, and can encourage national economic growth, especially in
reducing the number of unemployed and increasing the productivity of a country.

When we hear the word tourism, the first thing that comes to our mind is
traveling to a place for fun such as a beach, mountain or a beautiful park. There
are many types of tourism, some of which may still be foreign to our ears. This
type of tourism is grouped based on tourist destinations and the importance of
utilizing these tours. As with business tourism which aims for the benefit of state
income, it is also a branding event in other countries. So, what types of tourism
are there? In this paper, four types of tourism will be discussed along with their
explanation aspects.

B. Point of Discussions
1. The explanation of Business Tourism and its characteristics.
2. The explanation of International Tourism.
3. The explanation of Ecotourism and its criteria also the impact.
4. The explanation of Adventure Travel and the various types of adventure
travel.

C. Purposes

To explain about the four types of tourism and the aspects contained
 CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION

A. Business Tourism
Business tourism or business travel is a more limited and focused subset of
regular tourism. During business tourism (traveling), individuals are still working
and being paid, but are doing so away from both their workplace and home.
Primary business tourism activities include meetings, and attending conferences
and exhibitions. Despite the term business in business tourism, when individuals
from government or non-profit organizations engage in similar activities, this is
still categorized as business tourism (travel).
According to the 1998 data from the British Tourist Authority and National
Tourist Boards, business tourism accounted for about 14% of all trips to or within
UK, and 15% of the tourist market within UK. A 2005 estimate suggested that
those numbers for UK may be closer to 30%. Sharma (2004) cited a WTO
estimated that business tourism accounts for 30% of international tourism,
through its importance varies significantly between different countries.
a. Characteristics of business tourism
Compared to regular tourism, business ones involves a smaller section of the
population, with different motivations, and additional freedom-of-choice limiting
constrains imposed through the business aspects. Destinations of business tourism
are much more likely to be areas significantly developed for business purposes
(cities, industrial regions, etc.). An average business tourist is more wealthy than
an average leisure tourist, and is expected to spend more money. Business tourism
can be divided into primary and secondary activities. Primary one are business
(work) related, and included activities such as consultations, inspections, and
attending meetings. Secondary ones are related to tourism (leisure) and include
activities such as dining out, recreation, shopping, sightseeing, meeting others for
leisure activities, and so on. While the primary ones are seen as more important,
the secondary ones are nonetheless often described as “substantial”.
Business tourism can be divided into:
  Traditional business traveling, or meetings - intended for face-to-face
meetings with business partners in different locations.
 Incentive trips - a job perk, aimed at motivating employees (for example,
approximately a third of uk companies use this strategy to motivate
workers).
 Conference and exhibition traveling - intended for attending large scale
meetings. In an estimated number of 14,000 conferences worldwide (for
1994), primary destinations are Paris, London, Madrid, Geneva, Brussels,
Washington, New York, Sydney And Singapore.

B. International Tourism
International tourism refers to tourism that crosses national borders.
Globalization has made tourism a popular global leisure activity. The World
Tourism Organization defines tourists as people “traveling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes”. The World Health Organization (WHO)
estimates that up to 500,000 people are in flight at any one time.
As a result of the late-2000s recession, international travel demand suffered a
strong slowdown from the second half of 2008 through the end of 2009. This
negative trend intensified during 2009, exacerbated in some countries due to the
outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, resulting in a worldwide decline of 4.2% in
2009 to 880 million international tourists arrivals, and a 5.7% decline in
international tourism receipts. In 2010, international tourism reached US$919B,
growing 6.5% over 2009, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 4.7%. In
2010, there were over 940 million international tourist arrivals worldwide.

C. Ecotourism

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and

relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small
scale alternative to standard commercial (mass) tourism. Its purpose may be to
educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly
benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local
communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Since
the 1980s ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavor by
environmentalists, so that future generations may experience destinations
relatively untouched by human intervention.
Generally, ecotourism deals with living parts of the natural environments.
Ecotourism focuses on socially responsible travel, personal growth, and
environmental sustainability. Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations
where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Ecotourism is
intended to offer tourists insight into the impact of human beings on the
environment, and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats.
a. Criteria of ecotourism
 Build enviromenta awareness
 Provides direct financial benefits for conservation
 Provides financial benefits and empowerment for local people
 Respect local culture
 Support human rights and democratic movement
The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as “responsible
travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of
the local people, and involves interpretation and education”.

b. Negative impact of ecotourism

Ecotourism has become one of the fastest-growing sectors of the tourism
industry, growing annually by 10–15% worldwide. One definition of ecotourism
is “the practice of low-impact, educational, ecologically and culturally sensitive
travel that benefits local communities and host countries”. Many of the
ecotourism projects are not meeting these standards. Even if some of the
guidelines are being executed, the local communities are still facing other
negative impacts. South Africa is one of the countries that are reaping significant
economic benefits from ecotourism, but negative effects including forcing people
to leave their homes, gross violations of fundamental rights, and environmental
hazards far outweigh the medium-term economic benefits (Miller, 2007).
 c. Direct environmental impact
Aside from environmental degradation with tourist infrastructure, population
pressures from ecotourism also leaves behind garbage and pollution associated
with the Western lifestyle. Although ecotourists claim to be educationally
sophisticated and environmentally concerned, they rarely understand the
ecological consequences of their visits and how their day-to-day activities append
physical impacts on the environment. As one scientist observes, they “rarely
acknowledge how the meals they eat, the toilets they flush, the water they drink,
and so on, are all part of broader regional economic and ecological systems they
are helping to reconfigure with their very activities.” Nor do ecotourists recognize
the great consumption of non-renewable energy required to arrive at their
destination, which is typically more remote than conventional tourism
destinations. For instance, an exotic journey to a place 10,000 kilometers away
consumes about 700 liters of fuel per person.
Ecotourism activities are, in and of themselves, issues in environmental
impact because they may disturb fauna and flora. Ecotourists believe that because
they are only taking pictures and leaving footprints, they keep ecotourism sites
pristine, but even harmless-sounding activities such as nature hikes can be
ecologically destructive. In the Annapurna Circuit in Nepal, ecotourists have worn
down the marked trails and created alternate routes, contributing to soil impaction,
erosion, and plant damage. Where the ecotourism activity involves wildlife
viewing, it can scare away animals, disrupt their feeding and nesting sites, or
acclimate them to the presence of people. In Kenya, wildlife-observer disruption
drives cheetahs off their reserves, increasing the risk of inbreeding and further
endangering the species.

D. Adventure Travel
Adventure travel is a type of tourism, involving exploration or travel with
perceived (and possibly actual) risk, and potentially requiring specialized skills
and physical exertion. Adventure tourism has grown in recent decades, as tourists
seek different kinds of vacations, but measurement of market size and growth is
hampered by the lack of a clear operational definition. According to the U.S.
based Adventure Travel Trade Association, adventure travel may be any tourist
activity that includes the following three components: a physical activity, a
cultural exchange and connection with nature.
Adventure tourists may be motivated to achieve mental states characterized as
rush or flow, resulting from stepping outside of their comfort zone. This may be
from experiencing culture shock or through the performance of acts, that require
significant effort and involve some degree of risk (real or perceived) and/or
physical danger. This may include activities such as mountaineering, trekking,
bungee jumping, mountain biking, canoeing, rafting, kayaking, zip-lining,
paragliding, sandboarding, caving and rock climbing. Some obscure forms of
adventure travel include disaster and ghetto tourism. Other rising forms of
adventure travel include social and jungle tourism. Here are some types of
adventure travel.
a. Accessibe tourism
There is a trend for developing tourism specifically for the disabled.
Adventure travel for the disabled has become a $13 billion USD a year industry in
North America. Some adventure travel destinations offer diverse programs and
job opportunities developed specifically for the disabled.
b. Cultural tourism
Cultural tourism is the act of travelling to a place to see that location’s culture,
including the lifestyle of the people in that area, the history of those people, their
art, architecture, religions, and other factors that shaped their way of life.
c. Jungle tourism
Jungle tourism is a rising subcategory of adventure travel defined by active
multifaceted physical means of travel in the jungle regions of the earth. Although
similar in many respects to adventure travel, jungle tourism pertains specifically
to the context of region, culture and activity. According to the Glossary of
Tourism Terms, jungle tours have become a major component of green tourism in
tropical destinations and are a relatively recent phenomenon of Western
international tourism.
 Chapter 3
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
From all of the topic on this paper we can conclude in four point, there are :
1. Business tourism is a journey to another place within individuas, or group
to participating a meetings, conference, exhibitions or it can be a journey
that include activities such as dining out, recreation, shopping, sightseeing,
meeting others for leisure activities, and so on.
2. International tourism refers to tourism that crosses national borders. Or it
means a journey from a country to abroad.
3. Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and
relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often
small scale alternative to standard commercial (mass) tourism purposed to
educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to
directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of
local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for human
rights.
4. Adventure travel is a type of tourism, involving exploration or travel with
perceived (and possibly actual) risk, and potentially requiring specialized
skills and physical exertion. Adventure travel may be any tourist activity
that includes the following three components : a physical activity, a
cultural exchange and connection with nature.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Walker, Lucius. 2017. Tourism and Hospitality Management. USA: Library

Press.