Chapter 10

How to design punch plates

 ‫‪registering part‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ دﻫﯽ ورق‬
10.1 INTRODUCTION ‫ اﺳﺖ‬machine steel ‫ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ از ﺟﻨﺲ‬

Punch plates hold and support piercing, notching, and cut-off punches.
They are usually made of machine steel, but can also be made of tool
steel that has been left soft for high grade dies. Punch plates range
from small simple blocks for holding single piercing punches to large,
precision machined plates for holding hundreds of perforators.
Important design considerations include: :‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮑﺎت زﯾﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﺮد‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ آن ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﺎﭘﻮرت ﺑﺮای ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‬-1

1. Adequate thickness for proper punch support. ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﯿﻦ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ دﻫﯽ دﻗﯿﻖ‬-2
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﯿﭻ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎی ﺟﺪا ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬-3
2. Good doweling practice to insure accurate location.
3. Sufficient screws to overcome stripping load.
Numerous methods of designing punch plates and applying them to
various types of dies are described in the remainder of this chapter.
These methods further explain Step 5 in Chapter 5— Fourteen Steps to
Design a Die.
METHODS OF DESIGNING AND APPLYING
PUNCH PLATES
Punch Plates for Single Punches: A punch plate for holding a single
punch (Figure 10.1) is made square and with sufficient thickness for
good punch support.
Two socket cap screws, applied at the corners, resist stripping pressure,
while dowels at the other two corners provide accurate location.
Minimum distance from plate edges to screw centers A is 1 1/2 times
screw diameter B.
When center distances are small, a single punch plate can hold a
number of piercing punches. When a large number of punches are
retained, the stripping force should be calculated to insure that
sufficient screws are used to fasten the punch plate to the die set.
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ روی ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
 ‫ﺧﺰﯾﻨﻪ = ‪counter bore‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬

‫اﯾﺪه آل ﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ی ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ‪ B‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻣﻮازی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻃﻮری ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ آن ﺗﻠﺮاﻧﺲ ﺗﻮازن ﻣﯿﮕﻮﯾﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺪم ﻣﻮازی ﺑﻮدن اﯾﻦ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻟﻘﯽ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ و ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ را ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺪﻫﺪ ﻟﺬا ‪ T‬را ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻟﻘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮﻣﺎن ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬
Punch Plates for Slender Punches
‫ ﻣﯿﮑﻨﯿﻢ‬press fit ‫ را درون ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ‬tool steel ‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﻮش از ﺟﻨﺲ‬

Slender punches, which are subject to

breakage and replacement, are retained in
hardened bushings pressed into the
punch plate (Figure 10.2).
The top of the guide bushing is ground
flush with the top of the punch plate after
pressing in.
Punch Plate for Irregular Punches
‫اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﮑﺎف در ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﺮای ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی از ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬

Punch plates that retain irregular

piercing punches should have in the
top surface a slot machined to the
same depth as the punch head (Figure
10.3).
A flat, ground in the punch head,
bears against one edge of this slot to
prevent turning.
Two or more irregular punches that are in line can be kept from turning
by a single slot machined in the top of the punch plate, against which
flats on the punch head bear (Figure 10.4). This slot should be made
large enough to clear the opposite sides of the punch heads. Where
space is limited, a slot is end-milled in the top of the punch plate to the
same depth as the counterbored hole for the punch head (Figure 10.5).
A small round-end key is inserted in this slot. The key engages a flat,
machined in the punch head, to keep it from turning.

‫ﻗﺮار دادن ﺧﺎر ﺑﺮای‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی از ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬
Individual Punch Plates ‫اﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ی ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ زﯾﺎد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از دو ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬

When piercing punches

are some distance from
each other, they are
preferably held in
individual punch plates,
as shown in Figure 10.6.
This condition is
encountered in large
piercing dies.
Stepped Punch Plates ‫اﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺳﻮراخ ﮐﺎری در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﻣﯿﺘﻮاﻧﯿﻢ از دو ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﺗﺎ از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل زﯾﺎد ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬

When the part to be pierced has

two levels (Figure 10.7), double
punch plates avoid long piercing
punches. Socket cap screws fasten
lower to upper plates.
The latter is held to the punch
holder from the back. Note the
double dowels. It is considered
poor practice to use extremely long
dowels.
Standardized Punch Plates
Where large quantities
of dies are produced,
time and money can be
saved by standardizing
punch plate sizes and
assigning part numbers
to them.
Figure 10.8 shows,
tabulated, the most
commonly used sizes of
punch plates.
Thickness of punch plate. Punch plate thickness B should be
approximately 1 1/2 times diameter A of the piercing punch (Figure
10.9). With the table, the die designer can quickly establish the punch
plate’s thickness.
Punch Plate for Notching Punches
Small notching punches
are usually held in their
punch plate by means of
slots machined in the top
surface of the plate (Figure
10.10). ‫ زﻧﯽ‬Notch ‫ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻫﺎی‬

Three sides of the punch

head bear against the
bottom of the machined
slot to prevent the punch
from pulling out.
 ‫اﻧﻮاع ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ ﻫﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬
Applying Punch Plates ‫ﻫﺎی ﺑﺮش‬

Cut-Off Dies:
Figure 10.11 illustrates three commonly
used methods of retaining small cut-off
punches.
At a, a large slot machined in the top surface
of the punch plate provides clearance for the
punch head. Where space limitations exist, a
narrower slot is machined, as shown at b. End
flanges (D) prevent the cut-off punch from
pulling out. Where space is still more limited, a
recess, slightly larger than the punch head, is
end-milled in the top of the punch plate, as
shown at part c.
 :‫در اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از اﺟﺰا ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ اﺳﺖ‬Blanking Punch ‫ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺑﺮای‬A ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬-1
b) Compound Dies ‫ اﺳﺖ‬A ‫ ﺑﺮای ﺑﺨﺶ‬Blanking Punch ‫ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺑﺮای ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻮراخ ﮐﺎری و‬B ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬-2

Punch plates used in compound dies are made large so that they can
act as spacer as shown in inverted die block A (Figure 10.12). Long
socket cap screws applied from the top of the die set pass through
clearance holes in the punch plate and are threaded into the die block.
‫ﺑﯿﺮون اﻧﺪاز‬

‫ ورق را از دور ﭘﺎﻧﭻ ﺟﺪا ﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ و‬stripper ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ی‬

‫ ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿﺮون اﻧﺪاز ﻗﻄﻌﻪ را از ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺟﺪا‬Knockout
‫ﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ‬

B stripper
c) Indirect Knockout
When indirect knockouts are used, the punch plate is recessed, as at A,
to accommodate the knockout plate B (Figure 10.13). In this case, the
recess is shaped in the form of the letter X. ‫ﭘﯿﭻ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻧﭻ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮای اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬

‫ﻧﯿﺮوی ﺑﯿﺮون اﻧﺪاز‬
d) Inverted Dies :‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﮑﻮس‬
‫ﺳﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻔﺸﮏ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻔﺸﮏ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﮑﻮس ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ دﻻﯾﻞ آن ﺑﻌﺪا ذﮐﺮ ﻣﯿﺸﻮد‬single action ‫ درﺻﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎی‬90

In inverted piercing or shaving dies,

the punch plate is fastened to the die
holder of the die set instead of being
placed in its usual position under the
upper punch holder.
Figure 10.14 illustrates shaving die for
two holes. The punches have been
inverted to make use of the pressure
attachment of the press for more
effective stripping.
‫ از ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯿﺸﻮد‬stripper ‫ ﺑﺮای ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﮐﺮدن ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬:air pin
e) Horn Dies
Piercing punches used in horn
dies are retained in a punch
plate fastened to the punch
holder of the die set (Figure
10.15). This die pierces a hole in
the side of a drawn cup.
f) Side Cam Dies
Punch plates for side cam dies usually
have a turned boss that engages a
counterbored hole in the slide for
accurate punch location (Figure 10.16).
With this construction, no dowels are
required. The die shown at illustration
A pierces holes in the sides of shells
when the burr is required to be inside
the shell. The die shown at illustration
B pierces in the sides of shells when
the burr is required to come outside
the shell. Construction of the punch
plate is similar to A.
g) Piercing Angular Holes
For piercing angular holes in shells, the
punch plate is made large and guided on the
die set guided posts (Figure 10.17).
The punch plate retains the spring-backed
piercing punch A, which is guided in a
hardened bushing B pressed into the punch
plate.
Hardened buttons limit downward travel of
the punch plate.
10.3 COMMERCIAL PUNCH PLATES
Punch plates can be purchased from
commercial sources; standard punch plates
can be purchased as components to hold
the piercing punches.
Three styles are illustrated in Figure 10.18.
Illustration A shows a round punch plate. It
is machined to accommodate a hardened,
spring-backed ball that engages a recess
machined in the
piercing punch. A hardened backing plate, made the same diameter as
the punch plate flange, prevents the punch from sinking into the soft
material of the punch holder of the die set. Illustration B shows the
more commonly used square punch plate, backed up by a hardened
plate of the same size, while illustration C shows the end-retaining
punch plate, used where space is limited.
Another type of commercial punch plate is shown in Figure 10.19.
These are used to hold a line of piercing punches. They are retained by
special quarter-turn screws that provide quick removal of piercing
punches for replacement.