Analytic Geometry Review Notes With Probems
Analytic Geometry Review Notes With Probems
Analytic Geometry Review Notes With Probems
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY is the merging of Algebra and Geometry. Angle Between Two Lines
𝑨𝒙𝟏 + 𝑩𝒚𝟏 + 𝑪
𝒅=
±√𝑨𝟐 + 𝑩𝟐
Sample Problems:
Distance Between Two Points 1. If (x, 4) is equidistant from (5, -2) and (3, 4) find x.
2. How far is the intersection of the lines 4x – 5y = 26 and 3x + 7y + 2 = 0
from the origin?
3. The distance between the points (x, 4, 1) and (-3, 5 -4) is 3√3. Find the
value of x.
𝒅 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 4. Determine the perimeter of the triangle whose vertices are A(1, 5) B(4, -
1) and (-3, 0)
5. Find the coordinates of a point that is 2/3 of its distance from A(1, 8) to
B(7, -1)
6. The segment from (-1, 4) to (2, -2) is extended 3 times its own length.
Division of Line Segment Find the terminal point.
7. Find the inclination of the line passing through (4, 1) and (-3, -3)
8. Determine the area of the triangle bounded by the straight lines x + 2y =
7, 3x – 4y = 1 and 2x – y + 6 = 0.
𝒓𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 𝒙𝟏 9. If the coordinates of a quadrilateral are (1, 1) (0, 8) (4, 5) and (-3, 4),
𝒙=
𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 what is its area?
10. Determine k such that the line 3x + 2y – 7 = 0 is parallel to the line 2x –
𝒓𝟏 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 𝒚𝟏 ky + 2 = 0.
𝒚=
𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 11. Find the equation of the line through (0, 4) which is perpendicular to the
line x – 3y = 0.
12. Find the equation of the line passing through (-5, -6) and (4, 3)
13. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line joining (4, 0)
Slope of a Line and (-6, -3)
14. Find the x intercept of a line which passes through (2, 1) and is
perpendicular to 3x + 4y + 8 = 0
𝚫𝒚 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
𝒎= = 15. What is the distance between the line x + 2y + 8 =0 and the point (5, -2)
𝚫𝒙 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 16. Find the distance between the lines 3x + y – 12 = 0 and 3x + y – 4 = 0.
17. Find the equation of the line that bisects the acute angles between the
𝒎 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜶 lines x – y – 1 =0 and 7x + y – 7 = 0
18. Find the smallest angle between the lines 2x + y – 8 and x + 3y + 4 = 0.
𝑨
𝒎=−
𝑩
Locus of a Point
Equations of a Line
The word locus is Latin for place or location (plural loci) may be defined as
A LINE is a series of infinite number of points having a uniform slope. the path traced out by a point in motion, as it moves in a plane according to
a stated set of conditions.
General equation: 𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒚 + 𝑪 = 𝟎
Problems:
Slope-intercept form: 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃
19. Find the equation of all the set of points equally distant from the y-axis
Point-slope form: 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 ) and (4, 0)
20. What is the locus of a point, which is at distance of 4 unit length from (5,-
2)?
Parallel Lines
Two or more lines are parallel if and only if their slopes are equal. Conic Sections
A plane curve defined as the locus of a point which moves in such a way that
the ratio of its distance from a fixed point (focus) and a fixed line (directrix) is
constant.
𝑪𝟐 − 𝑪𝟏
𝒅=
±√𝑨𝟐 + 𝑩𝟐
Perpendicular Lines
Two lines are perpendicular if their slopes are negative reciprocals of each
other
𝟏
𝒎𝟏 = −
𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝟏 𝑩𝟐
− =
𝑩𝟏 𝑨𝟏
Ellipses
Circles
An ellipse is the locus of a point which moves so that the sum of its distance
A circle is a plane figure obtained as a locus of a point whose distance from a from two fixed points (foci) is constant and is equal to the length of the major
fixed point called the center is constant. In the illustration below, the moving axis.
point is (x, y) while the center is represented by (h, k).
For an ellipse, eccentricity < 1 and the discriminant < 0.
21. Determine the circumference of the circle whose equation is x2 + y2 + 6x (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐
Vertical + =𝟏
– 8y +16 = 0 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐
22. Find the equation of the circle circumscribing a triangle whose vertices
are at (0,0), (0,5) and (3,3).
Semi-minor and Semi-major axes: Coordinate of the Center:
23. Determine the value of k so that x2 + y2 – 8x +10y + k = 0 is the equation
of circle of radius 7.
24. Find the shortest distance from A(3,8) to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y = 12. 𝑨 > 𝑪: 𝒂 = √𝑨 , 𝒃 = √𝑪 𝑫 𝑬
25. Find the equation of the circle tangent to the line 3x + 4y = 15 and the 𝒉=− , 𝒌=−
𝑪 > 𝑨: 𝒂 = √𝑪 , 𝒃 = √𝑨 𝟐𝑨 𝟐𝑪
center is at (-3,-4).
Parabolas
Problems:
A parabola is a locus of a point which moves so that it is always equidistant
29. Find the center of the ellipse 9x2 + 25y2 + 18x − 100y − 116 = 0.
from a fixed point called focus and a fixed line called directrix.
Determine also the length of the major and the minor axes.
30. Given the equation: 9x2 + 4y2 – 24y – 72x + 144 = 0
For a parabola, the eccentricity = 1 and the discriminant = 0.
a. Determine the eccentricity of the curve.
b. Find the area enclosed by the curve
Axis of Parabola General Form Standard Form 31. The major axis of the elliptical path in which the earth moves around the
Vertical 𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎 (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 = ±𝟒𝒂(𝒚 − 𝒌) sun is approximately 186,000,000 miles and the eccentricity of the orbit
is 1/60. Find the farthest distance of the earth from the sun.
Horizontal 𝑪𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = ±𝟒𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉) 32. An ellipse has its center at (0, 0) with it axis horizontal. The distance
between the vertices is 8 and its eccentricity is 0.5. Compute the longest
focal radius from point (2, 3) on the curve.
Hyperbolas
Hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves so that the difference of the
distances from two fixed points (foci) is constant and is equal to the length of
the transverse axis.
r2 = a sin θ
C = center (h, k)
F = foci 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
2a = transverse axis
2b = conjugate axis 𝟐𝒃𝟐
a = semi-transverse axis 𝑳𝑹 =
𝒂
b = semi-conjugate axis r2 = k cos 2θ r = k cos 3θ
c = focal distance 𝒂 𝒄
d = distance from C to directrix 𝒅= , 𝒆=
𝒆 𝒂
e = eccentricity (f/d)
LR = latus rectum
Equations of Hyperbola:
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐
Horizontal 𝑨𝒙𝟐 − 𝑪𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎 − =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
(𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐
Vertical 𝑪𝒚𝟐 − 𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎 − =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
𝒃
𝒚 − 𝒌 = ± 𝒂 (𝒙 − 𝒉) → for horizontal transverse axis
𝒂
𝒚 − 𝒌 = ± 𝒃 (𝒙 − 𝒉) → for vertical transverse axis
Problems:
34. Given equation of the hyperbola 16y2 – 9x2 + 36x + 96y – 36 = 0, Find its
center.
35. Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola whose equation is 16x2 – 9y2 –
128x – 90y – 113 = 0.
36. Find the equation of the asymptotes for a hyperbola (y – 5)2 – (x + 5)2 =
36.
Polar Coordinates
𝒚
𝒓 = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 , 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝒙
r = radial distance
θ = polar angle