QB103715

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK
DEPARTMENT: CIVIL SEMESTER: VII

SUB.CODE/ NAME: CE6701/STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
& EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
UNIT – V
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Two Marks Questions and Answers
1. What is the formula to find the load factors for plastic design of steel structures?
In plastic design of steel structures, the following load combinations shall be
accounted for
1. 1.7(DL+IL)
2. 1.7(DL+EL)
3. 1.3(DL+IL+EL)
When Earthquake forces are considered on a structure, these shall be combined as
per Load combination for plastic design of steel structures and partial safety factor for limit
state deign of RC and PSC structures.
2. What are the methods of improving element level Ductility?

Ductility in element level is generally with reference to the displacement and
moment curvature relationship of a section. This can be generally improved by
i. Decreasing the tension steel area, yield stress and strain of the tension steel
increasing the ultimate compressive strain of concrete.
ii. Increasing the area of compression steel.
iii. Reduction in the axial compression on the section.
iv. Provision of effective confinement stirrups, hoops or ties such that
CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

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compressive steel does not buckle and concrete is led into three dimensional
state of stress such that its ultimate compressive strain increases.
3. Write the IS 13920 provisions for flexural members.

The provisions apply to frame members resisting earthquake induced forces and
designed to resist flexure. These members shall satisfy the following provisions
(a) The factored axial stress on the member under earthquake loading shall not
exceed 0.1fck.
(b) The member shall preferable have a width to depth ratio more than 0.3
(c) Width of the member shall not be less than 200mm.
(d) The depth D of the member shall preferably be not more than ¼ of clear span.
4. What is the formula for finding out the Base shear using seismic co efficient
method?
VB = K Cαh W
Where, VB = is base shear, K is performance factor

C is a co – efficient depending on the flexibility of the structure
αh is design seismic co – efficient.
5. Write a short notes on Review of Indian Code IS 1893 (1984)
IS 1893 (1984) gives the Necessary criteria for the earthquake resistant design of
structures. This code states that structures should withstand without structural damage,
moderate earthquakes and withstand without total collapse, heavy earthquakes.
This code specifies two methods of analysis
i. Seismic co-efficient method
ii. Modal analysis or Response Spectrum method.
6. What are the structural protective systems?
Modern protective system is based on (i) Seismic base isolation (ii) Passive energy
dissipaters (iii) Semi active and active systems. Passive energy dissipaters are classified as
hysteric, design seismic co – efficient design seismic co – efficient Visco – elastic and others
based on the devices used. Eg yielding of metals through sliding friction

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7. Write a short note on Mechanism of Base isolation.

The Mechanism of base isolation subjected to ground motion. The isolation
reduces the fundamental lateral frequency of the structure from its fixed base frequency
and thus shifts the position of structure in the spectrum from peak plateau region. Also it
brings forth additional damping due to the increased damping introduced at the base level
and thus reduction in the spectral acceleration is achieved.
8. Write down the steps to improve Global level Ductility?

(a) Increasing the redundancy of the structure
(b) Weak bam and strong column approach.
(c) Avoiding soft first storey effects
(d) Avoiding Non – ductile failure modes like shear, bond and axial compression at
the element level
9. Define lateral load analysis of building system.
Earthquake force is an inertia force which is equal to mass times acceleration.
Mass of the building is mainly located at its floors. Transferring the horizontal component of
seismic force safely to the ground is the major task in seismic design. The floors should
transfer the horizontal force to vertical seismic elements viz., columns, frames, walls
and subsequently to the foundation finally to the soil.
10. Write a short note on Indian seismic codes.

The codes ensure safety of buildings under earthquake excitation IS 1893 – 1962,
recommendations for earthquake resistant design of structures. IS 1893 – 1984 the country
has divided into five zones in which one can reasonably forecast the intensity of earthquake
shock which will occur in the event of future earthquake.
11. Define the term DBE, MCE and MMI.

DBE: Design Basics Earthquake
MCE: Maximum Considered Earthquake
MMI: Mercalli Intensity Scale
12. What is the design philosophy adopted for earthquake resistant structure?
The extreme loading condition caused by an earthquake and also the low
probability of such an event occurring within the expected life of a structure, the

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following dual design philosophy is usually adopted
i. The structure is designed to resist the expected intensity of ground motion

due to a moderate earthquake so that no significant damage is caused to
the basic structure and
ii. The structure should also be able to withstand and resist total collapse in
the unlikely event of a severe earthquake occurring during its lifetime. The
designer is economically justified in this case to allow some marginal
damage but total collapse and loss of life must be avoided.
13. Write down the formula to find out the Magnitude as per the IS code.
The amount of strain energy released at the source is indicated by the magnitude of
the earthquake.
Magnitude = Log10 (Amax)
Where A is the maximum aptitude in microns (10-3m) recorded by Wood –

Anderson seismograph. If E is the energy released, then
Log E = 11.8 + 1.5 M
14. What do you understand by response spectrum?
A Response spectrum is the plot of the maximum response ( maximum

displacement, velocity, acceleration or any other quantity of interest) to a specified load
function Xa (t) for all possible SDOF systems (having different natural frequencies or
time periods T and a constant damping ratio).
15. Why is base isolation effective?
The base isolation systems reduce the base shear primarily because the natural
vibration period of the isolation mode, providing most of the response, is much longer than
the fundamental period of the fixed base structure, leading to a much smaller spectral
ordinate. The higher modes are essentially not excited by the ground motion; although their
pseudo acceleration is large their modal static responses are very small.
The primary reason for effectiveness of base isolation in reducing earthquake

PAGE 4 OF 22
induced forces in a building is the lengthening of the first mode period. The damping is the
isolation system and associated energy dissipation is only a secondary factor in reducing
structural response.
16. Explain two cases of design horizontal earthquake load.

(a) When the lateral resisting elements are oriented along orthogonal horizontal
direction, the structure shall be designed for the effects due to full design
earthquake load in one horizontal direction at time.
(b) When the lateral load resisting elements are not oriented along the orthogonal
horizontal directions, the structure shall be designed for the effect due to full
design earthquake load in one horizontal direction plus 30% of the design
earthquake load in the other direction.
17. Write the formula for modal mass (Mk).
The modal mass Mk of mode k is given by:
18. Explain design eccentricity.
The design eccentricity, to be used at floor I shall be taken as:
Whichever of these gives the more severe effect in the shear of any frame
Where = Static eccentricity
= defined as the distance between centre of mass and centre of rigidity
bi = floor plan dimension of floor
19. What is additive shear?
Additive shear will be super-imposed for a statically applied eccentricity of

with respect to centre of rigidity.
20. Name types of damper’s.

(i) Metallic dampers or yielding dampers

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(ii) Friction dampers

(iii) Viscous dampers.

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SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK

DEPARTMENT: CIVIL SEMESTER: VII

Two Marks Questions and Answers

2. What are the methods of improving element level Ductility?

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

3. Write the IS 13920 provisions for flexural members.

Where, VB = is base shear, K is performance factor

6. What are the structural protective systems?

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

7. Write a short note on Mechanism of Base isolation.

8. Write down the steps to improve Global level Ductility?

10. Write a short note on Indian seismic codes.

11. Define the term DBE, MCE and MMI.

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

following dual design philosophy is usually adopted

i. The structure is designed to resist the expected intensity of ground motion

Where A is the maximum aptitude in microns (10-3m) recorded by Wood –

14. What do you understand by response spectrum?

A Response spectrum is the plot of the maximum response ( maximum

15. Why is base isolation effective?

The primary reason for effectiveness of base isolation in reducing earthquake

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

16. Explain two cases of design horizontal earthquake load.

The modal mass Mk of mode k is given by:

18. Explain design eccentricity.

The design eccentricity, to be used at floor I shall be taken as:

Where = Static eccentricity

= defined as the distance between centre of mass and centre of rigidity

bi = floor plan dimension of floor

19. What is additive shear?

Additive shear will be super-imposed for a statically applied eccentricity of

20. Name types of damper’s.

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

(ii) Friction dampers

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

CE6701-STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS & EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEERING

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