Contents

Outcomes ............................................................2
.........

Symbols ..................................................................3
Topics:
1 - It's nice to meet you.....................................................................4
2 - Who are we?..................................................................................18
3 - Actions...............................................................................................30
4 - Habits and routines.....................................................................39
5 - Excuse me honey, I'm talking on the phone................49
6 - I have nothing to wear..............................................................55
7 - I went to England last year.....................................................64
8 - My childhood.................................................................................88
9 - I have already been to London.........................................100
10 - When tomorrow comes....................................................113
11 - How long have you been learning English?.............120
12 - I had never touched snowflakes before....................130
13 - The crane and the snake....................................................138
14 - Half full and half empty.......................................................149
 Learning Outcomes:

By the end of this course, the student will be able to discuss their personal
information about their habits, routines, hopes for the future and express their opinions

Course Structure

This course has been designed to maximize the student speaking levels and fluency, so that they can understand and be understood by
both native and non-native English speakers around the world.
The course is delivered in modules which are divided into topics and within each topic there are
Tips, Actions and Reviews that occur to enable the learning cycle for the student.
Dictionary use is encouraged, homework is often required and in-class activities and field trips often occur and to
fully immerse the student.
At the core of all DOX Courses are the philosophical discussions, namely our DOX Conversation.

2
 Symbols

Classwork Homework

son 1 - TIPS
TIPS
TIPS
Do you speak English?
Explanation Use a dictionary

Action Time
Conversation

3
Topic 1 - It's nice to meet you!
Joshua: Hi! Do you speak English?

Lucas: Yes, I do!

Joshua: I'm Joshua Smith. What's your name?

Lucas: My name is Lucas.

Joshua: It's nice to meet you, Lucas!

Lucas: It's nice to meet you too. Where are you from?

Joshua: I'm from Washington DC. Are you from here?

Lucas: I'm from Rio de Janeiro but I live here now. Cabo Frio is great,
isn't it?

Joshua: Yeah, I'm loving it! The beaches are fantastic. By the way, I was
wondering if you could help me to get to "Praia do Forte". Is it far from here?

Lucas: No, it's not. It's just two streets from here. Actually, I was going there
as well.
4
Joshua: Oh, Cool! Can I join you?
IMPORTANT
AVOID THESE MISTAKES
Lucas: Sure! Why not?
Wrong: I from Brazil.
Joshua: I'm impressed with your English. It's really good! Correct: I'm from Brazil
Wrong: I'm live in Cabo Frio.
Lucas: Thanks! Correct: I live in Cabo Frio .
Wrong: I have 21 years old.
Joshua: How long have you been learning English?
Correct: I am 21 years old.

Lucas: I've been learning English for two years.

Joshua: What! Only two years?

Lucas: Yes! I really like it.

Joshua: How old are you?

Lucas: I'm 21 years old. And you?

Joshua: I'm 23.

Other ways to say, "It's nice to meet you"

I'm pleased to meet you
It's nice meeting you
It's a pleasure to meet you
It's good to meet you
 Exercise
Let's talk about

Languages

1) Do you speak English? 2) Do you speak Hebrew?

3) Do you speak Spanish ? 4) Do you speak Japanese?

5) Do you speak Mandarin? 6) Do you speak Italian?

7) Do you speak Greek? 8) Do you speak German?

9) Do you speak Portuguese?

10) Do you speak English and Japanese?

11) Do you speak Portuguese and Italian?

12) Do you speak English and Portuguese?

6
Lesson 1 - TIPS
TIPS
TIPS
Do you speak English?
Do you speak English?

Question: Do you speak English? Question: Do you speak Spanish?

Answer: Yes, I speak English. Answer: No, I don't speak Spanish.

Question: Do you speak English and Spanish?

Answer: I speak English but I don't speak Spanish.

Question: Do you speak English? Question: Do you speak Spanish?

Answer: Yes, I do. Answer: No, I don't.

Question: Do you speak English and Spanish?

Answer: I only speak English.

7
 Personal Information
Look at the examples below:
What's your name? My name's Martha. or I'm Martha.

How old are you? I'm 25 years old.

Where are you from? I'm from South Africa. or I come from South Africa.

Where do you live? I live in Johannesburg.

What do you like to do? I like shopping, travelling and Watching films.

What's your favorite food? My favorite food is Pizza. or It's pizza.

Do you have any children? No, I don't have any children.

Are you single, engaged or married? I'm single.

Do you have any pets? Yes, I have a cat.

Do you live in a house or an apartment? I live in a house.

Do you live alone? No, I don't. I live with my family.

Do you have siblings? Yes, I have three brothers and two sisters.

Have you ever met a famous person? no, I have never met a famous person.

Have you ever lived in another country? No, I have never lived in another country.

How do you spend your free time? I spend my free time reading books.

How many languages do you speak? I speak English, Spanish and French.

How long have you been learning Spanish? I have been learning Spanish for 6 months.
 TIPS
TIPS
TIPS
DO YOU HAVE ANY CHILDREN? YES, I HAVE A SON.
DAUGHTER.
NO, I DON'T HAVE ANY CHILDREN.

CHILD (singular) CHILDREN (PLURAL)

SON (BOY) DAUGHTER (GIRL)

DO YOU HAVE ANY PETS? YES, I HAVE A DOG / CAT /

NO, I DON'T HAVE ANY PETS.

PETS
9
 DO YOU HAVE SIBLINGS? YES, I HAVE A BROTHER
SISTER.
I HAVE TWO BROTHERS
TWO SISTERS
NO, I DON'T HAVE SIBLINGS.
NO, I'M A SINGLE CHILD.
SIBLINGS

SISTER

BROTHER

HAVE YOU EVER MET A FAMOUS PERSON?

I'VE MET ADELE. I HAVE MET MICHAEL JACKSON.

I HAVE NEVER MET A FAMOUS PERSON.

10
 HAVE YOU EVER...
HAVE YOU EVER LIVED ABROAD?

OR

HAVE YOU EVER LIVED IN ANOTHER COUNTRY?

I HAVE ALREADY LIVED IN ISRAEL.

I HAVE NEVER LIVED ABROAD.

HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN LEARNING ENGLISH?

DAY / DAYS
WEEK / WEEKS
MONTH / MONTHS
YEAR / YEARS

I HAVE BEEN LEARNING ENGLISH FOR 6 MONTHS

I'VE BEEN STUDYING ENGLISH SINCE 2010.

WHAT DO YOU LIKE TO DO?

I LIKE LISTENING TO MUSIC.

I LIKE TO LISTEN TO MUSIC.
WE HAVE TWO FORMS TO ANSWER IT:

I LIKE SWIMMING.
I LIKE READING BOOKS.
I LIKE TO SWIM. I LIKE TO READ BOOKS.

11

I LIKE TO LISTEN TO MUSIC.

I LIKE READING BOOKS.
I LIKE TO READ BOOKS.
 HOW DO YOU SPEND YOUR FREE TIME?

I SPEND MY FREE TIME...

READING BOOKS

JOGGING

WORKING OUT

SHOPPING

Exercise
WHAT DO YOU DO FOR A LIVING?

I'M A TEACHER I'M A DOCTOR

I'M A LAWYER

12
 Exercise
Exercise

Let's talk about

Personal
Information
1) What's your name?

2) How old are you?

3) Where are you from?

4) Where do you live?

5) What do you like to do?

6) What's your favorite food?

7) Do you have any children?

8) Are you single, engaged or married?

9) Do you have any pets?

10) Do you live in a house or an apartment?

11) Do you live alone?

12) Do you have siblings?

13) Have you ever met a famous person?

14) Have you ever lived in another country?

15) How do you spend your free time?

16) How long Have you been learning English?

13
 Hi! My name's Lana, I'm from Manchester and
I live in Bury. I'm 24 years old and I work as a secretary
for an international company.
I'm single and I live with my cat in a
small apartment.
I speak Spanish as a second language.
I've been learning Spanish for 6 months now.
I have already been to Spain, France and Brazil.
I love reading, so, I spend my free time reading
books and listening to music.

Lana
Follow Lana's example and introduce
yourself to your partner.

Hi! My name is...

You 14
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a story about your personal information;
5) You must include these sentences in your Action Time:

A) I've been learning English lately, and I'm enjoying it.

B) I've never been abroad but I would like to go to

Canada one day.

c) Cabo Frio is great, isn't it?

15
Write your personal information on this page, then
read it out loud 3 times. Record your voice and save it
to your computer or cellphone.

16
Notes

17
 Topic 2 - Who are we?
Read and practice the following dialogue:

The Math book

Chris: Hey, excuse me. Are you Robert Rodriguez?
Lucas: No, I am not. Sorry! Is there anything I can do to help you?
Chris: Well... I'm looking for the owner of this math book, it says "Robert Rodriguez". He left
it on a desk at the library. My name's Chris, by the way. What's your name?
Lucas: I'm Lucas. It's nice to meet you.
Chris: It's nice to meet you too, Lucas. This is the third belonging left at the library this week.
Lucas: I guess the students are so focused on their exams that they don't pay attention to anything else.
Chris: Very true!

18
Lucas: Well... I gotta go now, otherwise I'll be very late for my geography class. I hope you find him.
Chris: Thanks! I appreciate it! Have a good class!
Lucas: Cheers!

2 minutes later...

Robert: Hi, I'm Robert! Are you the guy who found my math book?
Chris: Yes, I am! I've been looking for you!
Robert: Thank you so much! I just bumped into a guy named Lucas one minute ago and he said that you
had found my book and were looking for me.
Chris: No worries. I'm glad to help. Here it is!

TIPS
TIPS
TIPS

I am right I am not right.

You are crazy You are not crazy.
He is tall He is not tall.
She is smart She is not smart.
It is ok It is not ok.
They are funny They are not funny.
We are friends We are not friends.

By adding "NOT" we have negative statements.

CONTRACTIONS:
I AM - I'M
YOU ARE - YOU'RE YOU ARE NOT - YOU AREN'T
HE IS - HE'S HE IS NOT - HE ISN'T
SHE IS - SHE'S SHE IS NOT - SHE ISN'T
IT IS - IT'S IT IS NOT - IT ISN'T
THEY ARE - THEY'RE THEY ARE NOT - THEY AREN'T
WE ARE - WE'RE WE ARE NOT - WE AREN'T

19
 I am right Am I right?
You are crazy Are you crazy?
He is tall Is he tall?
She is smart Is she smart?
It is ok Is it ok?
They are funny Are they funny?
We are friends Are we friends?
By inverting the order, we convert the sentence into a question.

Read and practice the following dialogue :

Matt: Hello, Joe! Where are you now?

Joe: Hey Matt, I'm in Cabo Frio now.

Matt: Oh cool! How do you like Cabo Frio?

Joe: It's been two days since I arrived, but I love it already.

Where are you? I'm in Cabo Frio.

(place)

20
 Exercise
Exercise
A - Convert the following sentences into questions:

1) I am free. 8) Lisa is smart.

Am I free?
2) It is amazing. 9) Lucas and Carlos are best friends.

3) They are partners. 10) Peter is busy.

4) She is a very good girl. 11) That book is expensive.

5) He is a good professor. 12) Zack is home.

6) We are a happy family. 13) They are in Rio De Janeiro.

7) You are very kind. 14) It is interesting.

B- Now into negative sentences:

1) I am free. 8) Lisa is smart.

I am not free.
2) It is amazing. 9) Lucas and Carlos are best friends.

3) They are partners. 10) Peter is busy.

4) She is a very good girl. 11) That book is expensive.

5) He is a good professor. 12) Zack is home.

6) We are a happy family. 13) They are in Rio De Janeiro.

7) You are very kind. 14) It is interesting.

21
 What are they like? TIPS
TIPS
TIPS
Michelle is a natural artist. She draws, sings and writes poems.
Most of the time she is very talkative and friendly,
but she can also be very quiet when she is concentrating on her work.

Susan is easy-going and sociable. She loves being with her friends.

Peter is hardworking, he won't stop until things are done.

Most of the time he looks very grumpy because he is serious, but
his close friends know that he is also a kind person.

Talking about personality and character

Question: What is Michelle like?

Answer: Most of the time she is very talkative and friendly.
Look at the difference between these two questions:

A ) What do you like to do? I like meeting new people. Preferences and tastes

B) What are you like? I'm responsible. Personality and character

22
 Personality adjectives considered to be positive

A B C D

E F G H

I K L M

N O P Q

23
R S T U

V W

Personality adjectives considered to be negative

A B C D

F G H I

24

N O P Q
J M N O

P Q R S

T U V W

25
 Exercise
Exercise
Let's talk about

Personality
&
Character

Answer and practice the questions below with a partner

1) How would you define your personality? Why? 2) Do you consider yourself to be a good person? Why?

3) What is a bad person like? 4) What are your parents like?

5) What are your siblings like? 6) Who are your English teachers at Dox? What are they like?

26
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a story similar to "The math book".
5) You must include these sentences in your Action Time:

A) I'm not the person you are looking for.

B) Are you ok?

c) Don't be shy!

d) Thank you, you're very kind.

27
Write about a person that you like on this page.
Talk about his or her personality.

28
Notes

29
 Topic 3 - Actions
Read and practice the following dialogue:

Peter: Shall we go and play soccer tomorrow, Shaun?

Shaun: Thanks, but no. You know I don't like soccer, Peter!

Peter: So, what sports do you like to play?

Shaun: What sports do I like to play? Let me see, I like running, handball and basketball.

Peter : Oh no, I don't like any of these you mentioned. Let's make a deal, if you play
soccer with me tomorrow, I will play any of your favorite sports.

Shaun: Ok, then! Deal!

Play = Action

Do you play soccer? Yes, I play soccer.

Yes, I do.
No, I don't play soccer.
Do in the begining of the sentence indicates a question. 30 No, I don't.
 TIPS TIPS
Take a look:
Do / Don't (Play, listen, watch, study, live, like...) Does/Doesn't
I I listen to music every day. He He loves music

You You live here. She She doesn't read magazines.

They They don't like beer.

We We don't watch tv.

It It means a lot to me.

HE SHE IT

DOES HE LIKE CHOCOLATE? YES, HE LIKES IT.

She has three cats.
YES, HE DOES.

DOES SHE LIVE HERE? NO, SHE DOESN'T LIVE HERE. does + have = has
NO, SHE DOESN'T.

He works at a bank.
QUESTION: DOES HE LIKE IT? S
does + work = works
POSITIVE: HE LIKES IT. S
It costs $100,00.

NEGATIVE: HE DOESN'T LIKE IT. S

does + cost = costs

31
 Exercise
Answer the questions and practice with a partner afterwards:

1) Do you play video games?

2) Do you work out?

3) Do you live alone?

4) Do you dance?

5) Do you eat salad? Let's talk about

6) Do you practice English every day?

7) Do your parents speak English?

8) Do your classmates practice English with you?

Us
9) Do you read books? What kinds of books do you like?

10) Do you watch films in English?

11) Do you have any pets?

12) Do you have any children?

13) Do you have siblings? How old are they?

14) Do you cook?

15) Do you live in a house or in an apartment?

16) Do you play sports? Which ones do you play?

17) Do you write poems?

18) Do you drink coffee? With or without sugar?

19) Do you sing in the shower? Do you like your voice?

20) Do you drink alcohol?

32
 Exercise

Read the following texts out loud in front of the mirror.

Repeat each text 3 times

Read and practice the following texts with a partner.

Positive Negative

1) I really like playing soccer. 2) I don't really like playing soccer.

I play it with my friends when I can, I never play it with my friends
because it's healthy and fun. because it isn't a clever game.

4) My friends aren't very talkative.

3) My friends are very talkative.
They never have anything to say.
They always have something
new to say.

5) Maria is very smart. She speaks 6) Maria isn't very smart. She doesn't
three languages and studies every day. speak a foreign language and
She plays all kinds of sports. I admire her. doesn't study. She doesn't play
any sports. I don't admire her.

33
 Exercise

This is Mark. A very communicative young man.

He is 28 years old. Mark comes from Canada.
He's originally from Quebec but currently lives in Vancouver.
He speaks two languages French and English. He is a Businessman.
Mark works five days a week, from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
He likes skydiving, skateboarding, running, diving and hiking.
His favorite food is pizza.

1)Answer the questions about him:

A) What is his name?

B) How old is he?
C) Where is he from? Where does he live now?
D) How many languages does he speak?
E) What does he do for a living?
F) How often does he work?
G) What does he like to do?
H) What is his favorite food?
I) Is he shy?
34
 Exercise

This is Lucy. She's a smiley Fashion Designer.

Lucy was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1981.
Nowadays she lives in Paris with her Husband, Jean.
She loves classical music and poetry.
She always listens to Beethoven while she works.
She doesn't have children but she has two cats, their names are Tygra
and Panthera.
Lucy doesn't like to watch tv. She thinks it's a waste of time.
She usually spends her free time reading books.
She speaks English, Portuguese and French.

2)Answer the questions about her:

A) What is her name?

B) How old is she?
C) Where is she from? Where does she live now?
D) Does she have any children?
E) Does she have any pets?
F) Does she like to watch tv? Why?
G) How does she spend her free time?
H) How many languages does she speak?

35
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criterias
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Introduce a classmate to the whole class, talk about
the things that he or she usually does. He or she is going
to do the same about you.
Pay attention to the conjugations -> I play soccer / He plays soccer

36
ACTION!
Write about a person that you like.
Talk about his or her hobbies, personal information,
personal preferences, and etc.

37
Notes

38
 Topic 4 - Habits and routines

Read Steven's story.

Hi, I’m Steven, I’m 15 years old, from Perth, Australia.

I have a pretty busy life, I’d like to share a little of my habits and routines
with you.
Usually, I get up at 5:30 a.m. I run to the kitchen to have breakfast,
because I go to school at 6:30. I’m a very athletic guy, so,
I don’t like to take the school bus. I go to school by skate,
because it’s my favorite thing to do. Lucas is my best friend.
He lives 20 minutes from my house. I meet him at the park, so we go together.
39
Lucas and I are very close friends.
He is like a brother to me.
After school, we go to Mr. Lau's house.
He is our Kung Fu teacher.
He teaches us three times a week;
on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Mr. Lau doesn't speak English very well,
but Lucas speaks Mandarin and Cantonese fluently,
because his mother is Chinese.
The Kung Fu class takes approximately
two hours. I love Chinese food, so Lucas'
mother cooks traditional meals for us.
She's a very nice person.
I take piano lessons twice a week;
on Tuesday and Thursday at 4:30 p.m.
The piano is my favorite musical instrument.
I often go to bed at 10 p.m. but I do my homework before.

40
 Exercise
Let's talk about

Steven
1-Whose story is this?
2- How old is he?
3- Where is he from?
4- Does he have a busy life?
5- What time does he get up? Why?
6- Is he lazy?
7 - Does he like to take the school bus?
8- How does he go to school? Why?
9- Who is his best friend?
10- How far does Lucas live from Steven?
11- Where do they meet up?
12- What do they do after school?
13- What does Mr Lau do for a living?
14- How often does he teach the boys?
15- Does Mr Lau speak good English?
16- How many languages does Lucas speak besides English? Why?
17- How long does the Kung Fu class take approximately?
18- Does Steven like Chinese food?
19- What does Lucas' mother cook for them?
20- How often does Steven take piano lessons? Is it his favorite instrument?
21- What time does he go to bed? What does he do before that?

41
 TIPS
TIPS TIPS

HOW OFTEN?
(FREQUENCY)

HOW OFTEN DO YOU WORK? I WORK 6 DAYS A WEEK.

HOW OFTEN DO YOU READ BOOKS? I FREQUENTLY READ BOOKS.

HOW OFTEN DO YOU VISIT YOUR FRIENDS? I RARELY VISIT THEM.

HOW OFTEN DO YOU BRUSH YOUR TEETH? I BRUSH MY TEETH 3 TIMES A DAY.

HOW OFTEN DOES MARIA STUDY? SHE STUDIES EVERY DAY.

HOW OFTEN DOES VICTOR TRAVEL? HE TRAVELS ONCE A YEAR.

1X ONCE DAY
2X TWICE WEEK
3X THREE TIMES A MONTH
4X FOUR TIMES YEAR
5X FIVE TIMES
ETC

OFTEN ALMOST NEVER/ ALMOST ALWAYS

SELDOM FREQUENTLY
ALWAYS SOMETIMES
NEVER
I NEVER ARGUE WITH MY TEACHERS
RARELY 42
HABITS AND ROUTINES

get up/ wake up have breakfast

brush my teeth go to work

have lunch go back to work

take a shower
go back home

have dinner watch tv

read a book go to sleep

go to bed
43
Days of the week: Preposition of time:

Sunday At 3 p.m.
Monday
Tuesday On Monday

Wednesday
Thursday IN April
Friday
Saturday 2015
I wake up at 7:00 a.m.
I don't work on Sunday.
I was born in 1992.

To
From
(Starting point) Duration

I work 6 days a week from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

I study from Monday to Friday.

44
 Ways to tell the time
Question: What time is it?

What time is it now? Write it here: _________________________________________

45
 Exercise

Answer and practice the following questions:

1) What time do you get up? Let's talk about

2) What time do you go to work (if you work of course) ?
3) How often do you work?
4) Do you like reading books? How often do you read books?
Habits
5) What time do you usually have breakfast?
6) Do you like listening to music? What's your favorite type? How often
do you listen to music?
and
7) How often do you play sports?
8) How often do you work out?
9) How often do you say "I love you" to your family?
Routines
10) How often do you practice English?
11) How often do you study math?
12) Describe your habits and routines to a classmate.

I wake up at 07:00 am because I go to work at 08:00...

I work five days a week...

46
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a story that explains the habits and routines of your
group members.

5) You must include these sentences in your Action Time:

A) He doesn't shower frequently, can you smell it?

B) Exercises are extremely important, that's why I go to

the gym every day.

c) You never have time to talk!

ACTION!

47
Describe your habits and routines. Read them out loud
3 times. Record your voice and save it to your phone or
computer.

48
 Topic 5 Excuse me, honey.
I'm talking on the phone.
Read and practice the following dialogue:

Lucy: Mom! Have you seen my laptop?

Lisa: Excuse me, honey. I'm talking on the phone. Hold on a
second!
Lucy: Ok, sorry!
Lisa: What are you looking for, again?
Lucy: I'm looking for my laptop. I thought I had left in my bedroom.
Lisa: It's on the desk next to the TV.
Lucy: Thanks, mom!

49
 TIPS TIPS

What are you doing now? I'm learning English!

She is talking on the

What is she doing?
phone.

What are they doing? They are riding bikes.

What is he doing? He is driving a car.

How to do it?

Very simple, take a look:

DON'T FORGET OUR FRIEND "TO BE". OK?

Action + ing
(Verb)
I AM WORKING NOW
Look + ing = looking YOU ARE...
HE/SHE/IT IS...
Think + ing = thinking THEY ARE...
WE ARE...
Play + ing = playing

Get it?
50
 Exercise
Exercise

1 ) What is he doing?
2) What is he doing?
3 ) Is he riding a bike?
4) Is she singing?
5) What is she doing?
6) What are they doing?
7) Is he smiling? Let's talk about
8) Is he crying?
9) Is he taking a picture?
10) Is she singing?
What
11) What is she doing?
12) What is it doing?
these people
13) Is he diving?
14) Is he playing the guitar? are doing.
15) Are they swimming?
16) Are they crossing the street?
17) What is she doing?
18) Is she drinking water? 51
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a story that explains what's happening now.
5) You must include these sentences in your Action Time:

A) I'm not talking to you!

B) She is drving me crazy.

c) You're being sarcastic!

ACTION!

52
 Monday morning

Right now, it is Monday morning. Denis and Lisa are at home. They are sitting at a table.
They are eating breakfast. At this moment, Lisa is drinking coffee.
She is eating a pastry. She is sitting across the table from Denis. She is talking to him.
Denis is her husband.
He is also drinking coffee and listening to her.
After breakfast, they are leaving for work. They are riding the bus to work.

A) Where are they on Monday morning? What are they doing?

B) What is Lisa eating and drinking?

c) Is Denis listening to her?

d) What is he drinking?

e) Where are they going after work? How are they getting there?

53
Notes

54
 Topic 6- I have nothing to wear
Lara: Oh no!!!!!!
Mike: What's the matter, babe?
Lara: I can't go to the party tonight, honey!
Mike: Why not?
Lara: I have nothing to wear. All my clothes are old!
Mike: Last time I checked you went shopping three days ago.
Lara: No, Seriously. I already wore that dress.
I'm not wearing the same clothes again, Mike, I am not!
Mike: But, it's your own birthday party.
Lara: Ok. Sacrifices must be made!
55
 TIPSTIPS
In English, we don't say "I USE clothes", instead we say "I WEAR clothes".
It's the same for accessories, jewelry, makeup, and fragrant liquid.

What are you wearing now? I'm wearing a red t-shirt, a pair of flip flops, shorts and
a cap.

Lana loves to wear earrings.

Vini wears his cap all the time.
Nathalia is wearing a beautiful red dress tonight.
Peter never wears his uniform.

Maria wears French perfume and Luis wears French cologne.

Note: Only women wear perfume,

men wear cologne.
 Exercise
Exercise
Number the clothing parts according to their names

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28

29 30 31

( ) Blouse ( ) Underwear ( ) Raincoat ( ) Jumper ( ) Suit ( ) Sneakers ( ) Denim Jacket

( ) Dress ( ) Cap ( ) Jeans ( ) Pants ( ) Panty ( ) Shoes ( ) Hat ( ) Overcoat ( ) Skirt

( ) Shorts ( ) Pajamas ( ) T-shirt ( ) Jacket ( ) Cardigan ( ) Polo shirt ( ) Flip-flops ( ) Bathrobe

( ) High heels ( ) Bra ( ) Swimming trunks ( ) Bikini ( ) Tie ( ) Sunglasses ( ) Socks

57 Compare your answers with a partner.

 Number the jewelry according to their names

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11

( ) Pin ( ) Wedding rings ( ) Engagement ring ( ) Necklace

( ) Bracelet ( ) Bangle ( ) Locket ( ) Chain ( ) Medallion ( ) Earings

( ) Pendant

Write the names of the accessories below:

________________ ______________ ___________________

 Let's talk about
Clothes
Answer the questions below, and then start a conversation with a partner.

You must compare your personal opinions. You can say:

I agree with you, because... or I disagree with you because...

1) About how much money do you spend on clothes a year?

2) Do you like shopping for new clothes?

3) Do you often buy new clothes?

4) Do you prefer to go shopping or just browse? Why?

5) What piece of clothing do you spend your money on the most? Why?

6) Do you read fashion magazines?

7) Do you sometimes wear a hat?

8) Do you think it is important to wear fashionable clothes?

9) Do you think it is important to be in fashion?

10) Do you think people feel different when they wear different clothes?

11) Do you think that the clothes we wear reflect what is inside us?

12) Is it possible to be beautiful without wearing any make-up, earrings or

other accessories?

13) What types of clothing are provocative in your country?

14) What are you wearing now?

15) In your country do children have to wear school uniform? Do you think it is
a good idea or not? Why?

16) What do you wear to work? 59

Do a research about consumerism, then write an
essay based on your personal opinion.
Is consumerism good or bad? Why?

61
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Talk about clothes, accessories, and jewelry;
5) You must include these sentences in your Action Time:

A) Why are you wearing sunglasses? It's dark already!

B) This dress is so expensive.

c) I have nothing to wear.

ACTION!

60
Notes

62
 REVIEW 1

Now it's time to test what you have learned so far.

Ready?

Go!

May the force be with you.

63
Topic 7-

I went to England last year

 England is wonderful

I went to England on December 24th in 2014. My friends Darren and

Rose invited me to stay with them to celebrate Christmas and the New Year.

I was very excited because it was my first time in England.

They took me to places I had only seen in my dreams.

I didn’t know what to expect. Everything was a big surprise.

On the first day they picked me up at the airport.
It was very cold outside, around 4 degrees celsius.
They bought me a coat and a pair of sneakers.
A couple of days later I saw snow for the first time.
It was one of the best moments.
 TIPS
TIPS TIPS
Talking about things in the past at a specific time.

I
I saw Lucy yesterday

I
____________________________________________________________________________________

Past Present Future

Specific time

What did you do yesterday?

last week

last weekend

two hours ago

one minute ago

last year

last month

Form: Verb + ED or irregular

verb

66
 DID
Did is the past form of DO

Do you play soccer ?

Did you play soccer yesterday ?

If the answer is positive we use the action

(verb) in its past form.

I played
she saw
they bought

If it's negative we use "Didn't + normal verb"

Question: Did you drink alcohol last night?

I didn't play
She didn't see Short Answer: Yes, I did.
They didn't buy
No, I didn't.

67
Take a look:
We have two types of verbs (actions)

Regular Irregular

Play played see saw

watch watched think thought

walk walked drink drank

study studied eat ate

68
 Take a look at some of the irregular verbs in the past:
Present (infinitive) Past

be was/were

begin began

break broke

bring brought

buy bought

build built

choose chose

come came

cost cost

cut cut

do did

draw drew

drive drove

69
eat ate

feel felt

find found

get got

give gave

go went

have had

hear heard

hold held

keep kept

know knew

leave left

lead led

let let

lie lay

lose lost

make made

mean meant

meet met

pay 70 paid

put

run
put put

run ran

say said

see saw

sell sold

send sent

set set

sit sat

speak spoke

spend spent

stand stood

take took

teach taught

tell told

think thought

understand understood

wear worn

win won

write wrote
71
 Exercise
Let's talk about

Present
and
Past
There are questions about the present and the past. Answer them correctly

1) How often do you work?

2) Did you work yesterday?
3) Do you like to play soccer?
4) Did you play soccer last Saturday?
5) What are you doing now?
6) What were you doing one hour ago?
7) What time do you usually get up?
8) What time did you get up yesterday?
9) Are you at work now?
10) Were you at work two hours ago?
11) Do you travel every year?
12) Did you travel last year?
13) What do you usually eat?
14) What did you eat yesterday?
15) Do you watch TV every day?
16) Did you watch TV last night?

72
On the wrong day

Yesterday Lucy had a job interview.  
She went downtown to the company. 
The interview was for an accounting job. 
Lucy graduated from university 3 months ago.
Her interview was at 10:00 am. 
She woke up at 7:00 am and left her house before 8:00 am. 
She waited for the bus, but it was late. 
She was very worried because she did not want to be late for the interview. 
She tried to phone the company to warn them, but her phone battery was dead.
When the bus arrived, it was almost 9:00 am. 
Then the bus was slow because there were many other cars. 
The bus finally arrived at Lucy’s stop at 9:45 am.
Lucy ran from the bus stop to the office building. 
When she entered she saw a sign that said the company was on the 24th floor.
 The elevator ride took almost 5 minutes because many people stopped at different floors. 
 When Lucy arrived at the reception, it was 9:58. She was in time!  
"I am here to see Mrs. Lewis" said Lucy.
The receptionist checked her book and replied:  “She is not here today.  
What is your name please?” “My name is Lucy Smith.”
“Sorry Lucy, but your appointment is tomorrow.” Lucy checked her agenda. 
It was true. She was there on the wrong day!

A) What time did Lucy wake up?

B) What time was the interview?

C) Did she wait for the bus? Did it arrive in time?

D) Was she relaxed?

E) What did she see when she entered the building?

F) Was she there on the right day?

73
 Read the text below:

JJ: What’s up man? I texted you all day long yesterday but I got no replies.
What happened?
Ty : Sorry, bro. I was pretty busy. I got up late because I didn’t sleep well,
had a delayed breakfast and spent all day long doing my homework.
JJ: I see. Well… Yesterday my brother and I went to the cinema,
we bought some popcorn and watched the new “Avengers” movie.
Ty: Oh Man… I wish I could have gone. What else did I lose?
JJ: After the cinema, we went to Kimberly’s house.
Ty: No way!
JJ: Yeah… she invited us to go to her birthday party.
Ty: Hell no! She didn’t invite me!
JJ: Yes, She did… She also texted you but you didn’t reply.
In fact you should have remembered your crush’s birthday.
She felt so bad because you weren’t there. She missed you, actually,
everyone missed you.
Ty: Oh my God… What did she say?
JJ: She said that you needed to apologize.
Ty: Sure! I’m gonna call her right away.

Answer the questions about the dialogue you've just read.

1) Did JJ text Ty yesterday?

2) What happened to Ty? Why didn't he reply to JJ ?

3) What did JJ do with his brother yesterday? What did they

do after that?

4) Did Kimberly invite Ty to go to her birthday party?

5) Did she miss him? How did she feel?

74

:
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a story that describes past situations;
5) You must include these sentences in your Action Time:

A) I told you, didn't I?

B) You looked like a zombie last night!

c) What did you do last weekend?

ACTION!

75
 1) What did you do last weekend?

2) Complete the blank spaces with the correct actions (verbs) in the past:

A - I ____ Adam two hours ago. (meet)

B - She ____ to Hawaii last year. (go)
C - They____ a new car last month. (buy)
D - I _____ they were friendS. (think)
E - My friends and I _____ our bikes last weekend. (Ride)
F - Lucy____ a cat when she was a child. (have)
G - I ___ Peter a couple of minutes ago. (see)
H - My mother ____ a cake yesterday. (bake)

76
 I lost my cat

Hi! I'm Sarah Joseph, I'm going to share with you my story of when I lost my kitten.
When I was a child I had a cat named Sora. He was very cute and also very
naughty.
One day I woke up for breakfast and looked for him. I called him many times, but
strangely I didn't hear any meow. I thought "Well, He must be under my bed", so
I checked and he wasn't there. I went downstairs to the living room and nothing, I
checked behind the tv, nothing again, on the shelves, nothing, in the office, nope,
I opened every single drawer in the house and not even a single fur was found.
I phoned my mother, who was at work at that moment, and asked her if she had seen
him, she said she hadn't, then I freaked out. I didn't ask my dad because he would say
" go ask your mom", so I didn't want to waste my time.
I went outside calling his name, first I circled the entire house, then I crossed the street
where there was a small park. I thought "Well, he must have climbed one of those trees
and can't get down", I brought a ladder with me. After 20 minutes checking every single
tree, I was desperate thinking that I would never see my cat again, so, I cried a river.
I came back home from the park, then my dad was in the kitchen and guess what, Sora
was there with him, I was the happiest kid in the world. Then, I asked: "Dad, were you
with him this whole time?" my father said: "I took him to the vet because he was vomiting,
but he was ok, the veterinarian said that cats throw up hairballs, it's normal.
Sorry, I didn't tell you because I didn't want to scare you."
It was such a relief. This is how I learned to ask my dad, though he would say "go ask your
mom" most of the time. Things might change, you know.

Answer the questions about the text:

1) Whose story is this?
2) What happend?
3) Did she cry? why?
4) What did she learn from that?

77
 TIPS
TIPSTIPS
when I was a child...
take a look:

Present Past

I am I was
You are You were
He/she/it is He/she/it was
They are They were
We are We were

AM / IS ---------------- WAS

ARE --------------- WERE

Look at the examples below:

I was right was I right?

You were crazy were you crazy?
He was tall was he tall?
She was smart was she smart?
It was ok was it ok?
They were funny were they funny?
We were friends were we friends?

By inverting the order, we convert the sentence into a question.

78
I was right I was not right
You were crazy You were not crazy
He was tall He was not tall
She was smart She was not smart
It was ok It was not ok
They were funny They were not funny
We were friends We were not friends
By adding "NOT" we have negative statements.
You can also say: Wasn't and weren't

Changes in life. Read these examples out loud:

I am very talkative I was very shy

You are so tall You were so short

He is funny He was very serious

She is athletic She was lazy

79
It is cheap It was expensive

They are winners They were losers

We are friends We were enemies

I am in Cabo Frio today, but I was in Rio yesterday.

I'm confident nowadays, but I was shy as a kid.

80
 Exercise
Let's talk about

Our past

1) Create questions about the past to ask your partner. Use the following words:

When

How

What

Why

Where

Example: What did you do last weekend?

How did you get here?
Why did you decide to learn English?

81
 I was thinking
I was thinking of life yesterday... while we were playing by the lake...

There was a swan swimming in the lake

The day was rainy, there were raindrops everywhere

Those simple things made me really happy

82
 TIPS
TIPS TIPS
What were you doing yesterday?
We can describe actions that were happening at a specific time in the past:

I was conversing with a friend.

She was talking on the phone.

He was watching tv.

Two actions at the same time:

I was thinking of life

while

we were playing by the lake.

83
 Exercise
What were they doing?

1) What was he doing?

2) What was he doing?
3) Was he riding a bike?
4) Was she singing?
5) Was she reading a book?
6) Were they running?
7) Was he crying?
8) What was he doing?
9) Was he diving?
10) Was she playing the guitar?
11) What was she doing?
12) Was it eating?
13) Was he swimming?
14) What was he doing?
15) Were they diving?
16) Were they dancing?
17) What was she doing?
18) What was she doing? 84
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a story that describes past events.
5) You must include these sentences in your Action Time:

A) My friends and I went to the cinema yesterday. I really

liked the film we saw, but my friends didn't.
Honestly, I don't care.

B) I didn't see you there. Where were you?

c) The past is in the past, let it go!

ACTION!

85
Write a story using the past tense.

86
Notes

87
/

Topic 8-

My childhood
When I was a child I used to watch cartoons on tv.
I would never miss them.

I used to go home from school as fast as I could just to

do one of the things I enjoyed the most.

I used to be a very imaginative kid, I literally lived in a world of fantasies,

where the evil would never win the battles.
There was hope in my heart.

89
I used to draw my thoughts on a piece of paper and then show my mother
my artistic abilities. She would always praise me for my creativity.

Power rangers was one of the most popular tv shows.

Every boy wanted to be the red ranger.

90
I used to go to the video store and rent Free Willy. This movie represents my
childhood.
"A friendship you could never imagine. An adventure you'll never forget."
Definitely, I will never forget it.

The credit song was performed by the king of pop

Michael Jackson.

Song: "Will you be there"

91
"The Lion King", my favorite movie of all time I used to watch it almost every
single day, over and over again, I would never get tired of it.
I still remember the lyrics of "Circle of life", the opening song. I would always sing
along.

The most beautiful friendship between father and son.

The saddest scene of all time. The death of Mufasa.

And the remarkable phrase "Hakuna Matata".

92
 TIPS
TIPS TIPS
PAST HABITS AND
ROUTINES
WHAT DID YOU USE TO DO WHEN YOU WERE A CHILD?

WHEN I WAS A CHILD I USED TO ... I DIDN'T USE TO...

PLAY SOCCER EAT PIZZA

WEAR SHOES
PLAY VIDEO GAMES

WATCH TV READ BOOKS

I USED TO (POSITIVE)

I DIDN'T USE TO (NEGATIVE)

93
 WOULD ALWAYS/ WOULD NEVER
1) She would always send me strange messages.
2) Denny and Jane would always choose the most expensive vacation destinations.
3) Catherine would not always arrive early to class. She came late once or twice.
4) Lucas would always show up at our house without calling first.
5) Lana would not always walk to school. Sometimes, she took the bus.
6) Christine would never come late to the meetings.
7) Jeff would never pay for drinks when we went out together with our friends.

OTHER OPTIONS OF FREQUENCY:

Lucas would constantly go to the beach.

Lana would seldom go to the movies.
Peter would often take pictures.
Nina would occasionally visit her relatives.

94
 Exercise
Let's talk about

Our past
habits

1) Did you use to play soccer when you were a child?

2) Did you use to play video games when you were 12 years old?

3) Did you use to play on the street? Would your parents allow you?

4) Did you use to go to night clubs when you were a teenager?

5) Did you use to read books when you were 13 years old?

6) Ask your own questions now.

95
 Exercise
My childhood

When I was a child I used to go to the

beach with my dad almost every day.
We had kayaks and boards and he taught me paddling.
It was one of my favorite things to do.
My father would always take me to “Ilha do Japonês”.
Such a beautiful place.
We didn’t have internet, computers, cellphones and
cable tv but We were very happy.

And you? What did you use to do when you were a child?

Present a speech about your childhood. Use the following elements: Used to
and would always

"When I was a child I used to..."

96
Interview a friend about his or her past habits. .

97
Notes

98
 REVIEW 2

Now it's time to test what you have learned so far.

Ready?

Go!

May the force be with you...

... again
99
Topic 9 -
Have you ever been to London?
 Read the text below:

One of the most interesting places I've ever been is the capital of England, London.
London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages
are spoken within Greater London.
For a language learner, who is used to seeing phone cabins and red buses only through
pictures, being there is indescribable.
It feels great to say that:

I have seen Big Ben I have crossed the London Bridge

I have seen the London Eye

I have contemplated the beautiful Londoner night I have already been to London.

101
 TIPS
TIPS TIPS
Experiences without
specific time.
The specific time is not important
HAVE YOU EVER...

Past Present
I
____________________________________________________________________________________

Future

Example:
Have you ever met a famous person?

Yes, I have met Silvio Santos.

If you want to talk about an experience you've had without saying the specific time,
you can use the following structure:

I have already driven a truck.

They have been to seven countries.
She has never visited us.

You CANNOT use time expressions such as: You CAN use unspecific time expressions such as:
yesterday, one hour ago, last month, when I was a child,
once, yet, ever, many times, several times, already, so far,
that day, when I lived in Canada, etc.
etc.

102
 Take a look:
HAVE HAS
I
HE
YOU
SHE
THEY IT
WE

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN ABROAD? HAS SHE EVER DRIVEN BEFORE?

THEY HAVE BOUGHT A NEW CAR. HE HAS LEARNED A LOT.

I HAVE SEEN THAT MOVIE TWICE. IT HAS ADDED A NEW VISION.

WHAT HAVE WE DONE?

I have been to Australia Have I been to Australia?

You have seen that movie. Have you seen that movie?

He has driven before. Has he driven before?

She has had good experiences. Has she had good experiences?

It has taught them a lesson. Has it taught them a lesson?

They have travelled several times. Have they travelled several times?

We have improved our English. Have we improved our English?

By placing have/ has before the pronouns we build questions.

103
I have been to Australia I have not been to Australia.

You have seen that movie. You have not seen that movie.

He has driven before. He has not driven before.

She has had good experiences. She has not had good experiences.

It has taught them a lesson. It has not taught them a lesson.

They have travelled several times. They have not travelled several times.

We have improved our English. We have not improved our English.

By adding "Not" we have negative statements.

Contractions:
I've been abroad. I haven't been abroad.
She's visited her parents. She hasn't visited her parents.
They've gone crazy. They haven't gone crazy.
He's heard good news. He hasn't heard good news.

IMPORTANT !
IF YOU WANT TO SPECIFY THE TIME, USE THE STRUCTURE THAT YOU LEARNED
IN TOPIC 8.

I went to England last year.

(specific time)

104
 Take a look at some of the irregular verbs in the participle
Present (infinitive) Participle

be been

begin begun

break broken

bring brought

buy bought

build built

choose chosen

come come

cost cost

cut cut

do
done

draw
drawn

drive
driven

105
eat eaten

feel felt

find found

get got

give given

go gone

have had

hear heard

hold held

keep kept

know known

leave left

lead led

let let

lie lain

lose lost

make made

mean meant

meet met
106
pay paid

put

run
put put

run ran

say said

see seen

sell sold

send sent

set set

sit sat

speak spoken

spend spent

stand stood

take taken

teach taught

tell told

think thought

understand understood

wear worn

win won

write written
107
 Exercise
Read the text:
Good luck on your new job!
Luna : Hi, Fred! I’m so happy to see you here. How is it going?
Fred: Hey Luna, It’s so nice to see you too. I came here to watch the art exposition.
Luna: Cool! I work here, did you know that?
Fred: Really? That’s a surprise! I’ve been here many times before and I’ve never seen you around.
Luna: Well, I started working here yesterday. That’s why.
Fred: How has it been so far?
Luna: So far so good. Can you help me with this survey? I have already interviewed thirty people
and I just need one more.
Fred: Sure! Why not?
Luna: Have you ever been abroad?
Fred: Yes, I have already been to Brazil, Argentina, China and England.
Luna: When did you go abroad for the first time?
Fred: I went to Brazil in 2005. It was an incredible experience.
Luna: Have you ever seen the Northern Lights?
Fred: I would love to, but I haven’t.
Luna: Have you ever driven in a left-drive country?
Fred: Yes, I have. In England. At first it was quite weird but eventually I got used to it.
Luna: Thank you for cooperating. That’s all.
Fred: No problem, good luck on your new job!

1) Answer the following questions according to the text:

A) Has Fred ever seen Luna at the art exposition before? why?

B) How has the new work been so far?

C) What was Luna doing there?

D) Has Fred ever been abroad?

E) When did he go abroad for the first time?

F) Has he ever seen the Northern Lights?

G) Has he ever driven in a left-drive country? How was it?

 Let's talk about

Experiences

A) Have you ever spoken in English with a native speaker?

B) Have you ever seen a rainbow?

C) Has your mother ever kissed you in public?

D) Have your parents ever embarassed you?

E) Have you ever been abroad?

F) Have you ever met a famous person?

G) Have you ever fought with your siblings?

H) Have you ever played the piano?

I) Use the verb list to create your questions and ask your partner.

109
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a story that describes experiences.
5) You must include these sentences in your Action Time:

A) I have heard about it before.

B) I've never been abroad but I would like to go to Australia

one day.

c) I've read one hundred books so far.

ACTION!

110
Interview a friend about his or her experiences.

111
Notes

112
 Topic 10 - When tomorrow comes
The future is a my stery, no one knows what lies ahead. But we, as humans, want to
thrive, succeed, and be happy as a result.
What am I going to do tomorrow? Will my current actions lead me to my personal or
professional success? We never know. Life has its ups and downs, but to keep on chasing
our dreams plays one of the most important roles.
They say that the real purpose of life is life itself, the journey is more important
than the destination.
Now is the moment, now is the dream, we gotta make it happen. Tomorrow is the
target like trees are for the birds. They fly to get from one place to another;
but the beauty of it is shown during the flight. They take off and soar across
the sky and just like us, the birds find another reason to fly after they've landed.

113
 TIPS TIPS The future

I
____________________________________________________________________________________

Past Present Future

Will and be going to

We use Will and be going to in order to express future events.

Use will...

to express a voluntary action: A: Will you help me?

B: Yes, I will help you.

to express a promise: I will call you as soon as possible.

I won't tell anyone your secret.
(Will + not)

to express a decision you've just made: I'll get the remote control!
I'll make some coffee.
(I will)

114
 Use be going to...

To express an action that was planned: She's going to travel in July.

I'm going to study harder today.
They are not going to visit us.

Use Will and Be going to in order to express predictions:

It will rain soon.

It's gonna rain soon.
NOTE: The difference between Will and be going to will become clear
(going to) as you practice it, don't worry.

Questions with Will

Will you still love me when I'm no longer young and beautiful?

Yes, I will.
Questions with be going to

A: Is Maria going to travel next weekend?

B: Yes, she's going to travel next weekend.

A: Are you going to study on Monday?

B: Yes, I am going to study on Monday.

115
 Exercise

Let's talk about

The future
1) Are you going to travel in December?

2) What are your plans for next weekend?

3) What do you plan to do in order to be successful? What is success for you?

4) Will you accomplish your goal?

5) Do you think life will be more difficult or easier for our grandchildren? In what ways?

6) Do you think the Earth will become overpopulated? Will there be any forests left?

7) Create your own questions.

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You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a story that describes experiences.
5) You must include these sentences in your Action Time:

A) Will you still like me when I'm no longer young and beautiful?

B) The future is a mystery.

c) I'm going to do my best.

ACTION!

117
Write a text about your future plans.

118
Notes

119
Topic 11-
How long have you been learning

English?
 Ken's first ESL certificate

Ken has been learning English since he was four years old. Lately, he has been
preparing himself for his first English certificate. He has been talking to his American
and British friends to practice his speaking skills. Darren and Chris have been skyping with
him. Darren, from England, is responsible for evaluating Ken's grammar, and Chris, from the US,
for evaluating his listening.
Darren has been working as an English teacher for ten years, but Chris has never worked
as a teacher before.
Surely, Ken will do his best and succeed.

Answer the questions according to the text above:

A) How long has Ken been learning English?

B) What has he been doing lately?
C) Who has he been skyping with?
D) What has Darren been doing for ten years?
E) Has Chris ever worked as an ESL teacher before?

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 TIPS
TIPS TIPS
How long have you been learning English?

I have been learning English since 2010.

or
I have been learning English for 6 years.

2010
___________________________>>>>
__________________________________________________________________________

Past Present Future

Form: have/has been

The Present Perfect Continuous is used to show that
something started in the past and has continued up until now.
+ present participle.
"For four minutes," "for three weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations
which can be used with this tense.

Examples: How long has Hellena been driving?

She has been driving since she was 18 years old.
How long have you been working at the video store?
I've been working there for 6 months.
How long have your parents been married for?
They've been married for 26 years.
How long has you sister been studying engineering?
She's been studying engineering since April.
How long have you been learning English at DOX?
I've been learning English at DOX since March.
 We can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as

>>>> "for three weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more
general meaning of "lately." We often use the words "lately" or "recently"
to emphasize this meaning.

"Lately, I've been, I've been losing sleep

Dreaming about the things that we could be
But baby, I've been, I've been praying hard
Said, no more counting dollars
We'll be counting stars"

Couting stars - One Republic

Other examples:

A) Recently, I have been feeling exhausted.

B) He has been watching too much tv lately.
C) Have you been exercising lately?
D) Luna has been feeling a little depressed.
E) Lisa has not been practicing her English.
F) What have you been doing lately?

123
 Exercise

Let's talk about

What you have been doing

lately

1) How long have you been learning English? How has it been so far?

2) What have you been doing lately?

3) Do you drive? How long have youy been driving?

4) Create your own questions.

124
 Read and practice the following dialogue:

Job interview

George: Hello, Ms Souza, thank you so much for coming in.

Daniella: It's my pleasure, thank you so much for meeting with me.
George: Sure. Did you have any trouble finding the office?
Daniella: Not at all. The directions on the website were very clear.
George: Good! Would you like some coffee or water before we begin?
Daniella: I'm ok, thank you.
George: Alright. So, to get started, tell me a little bit more about yourself.
Daniella: Sure! As you have already seen on my CV, I was born and raised in
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I studied at UFRJ University, and graduated in Human Resources
in 2010. After graduation, I was hired at KG Solutions, but I left the company after two
years because I moved to the USA. In the USA, I was hired by IBM.
I have been working at IBM for nearly four years, and I'm currently the HR manager.
George: I see... But why did you decide to apply for this position? Aren't you satisfied
with your current job?
Daniella: Well... I feel like I've run out of room to grow with IBM, so I'm looking for new
opportunities to improve my career. I'm always looking for new challenges.
125
George: Good to know that. Is Portuguese your first language?
Daniella: That's right!
George: "Oi tudo bem?" And that's all I know in Portuguese.
Daniella: It sounds really good to me.
George: Not as good as your English, I'm sure. It's very impressive. How did you learn
English so well?
Daniella: Thanks for the compliment, but I'm inclined to believe that learning never
ends... We are constantly learning new things .
George: Precisely. So, how long have you been learning English?
Daniella: I've been learning English since I was 11. I used to travel a lot with my parents
when I was a kid, so I would always hear people speaking English around me, that is
why I became so interested in learning the language.
George: Do you speak any other languages?
Daniella: I speak fluent French, and I can get around with my Spanish.
George: Awesome! Well, now I'd like to ask you: What do you consider to be
your biggest strength?
Daniella: Adaptation. I'm a very adaptable person. Since I'm from another country,
I understand that different cultures and opinions must be respected. Being
open-minded helped me a lot in my personal and professional life. I believe
that you will never have the chance to think differently and grow
if you don't hear other points of view.
George: That's very good. So, what's your greatest weakness, Ms Souza?
Daniella: Overthinking. I have this tendency of thinking about problems for longer than
I should. Especially if I make a mistake... I keep blaming myself and it isn't
psychologically healthy. I guess, this is because I'm a perfectionist, so, when things
go wrong I get really frustrated. But I've been working on it.
George: I see, would you like to ask me any questions?
Daniella: Well, when can I get started? haha
George: haha Soon we'll be getting in touch with you.
Daniella: Thank you very much.
George: No problem.

126
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a job interview.
5) Use the elements from the text "Job interview".

ACTION!

127
Interview a friend. Write it on this page.

128
Notes

129
 Topic -12 I had never touched snowflakes before
I hadn't been to England before last Christmas. I love travelling. Being abroad has always
fascinated me.
I went to France in 2012. I had never been abroad before that.
When I saw the Eiffel Tower I got really excited. Instantly, I remembered the photos
I had only seen in books and magazines.
On December 24, 2014 (Christmas Eve) I landed in Manchester - UK. The day was cloudy and cold.
I put my coat and my hat on, was interviewed by the immigration officer
and met my friends Rose and Darren.
In England I saw snow for the first time in my life.
It was one of the most beautiful things I've ever seen so far.
I had never touched the snowflakes neither seen them falling from the sky before.
That day will never be forgotten.
Magical is the proper adjective to describe the British winter.
I had been waiting for that moment since I was a little boy.

130
 TIPS
TIPS TIPS
The past before the past
1999
(past perfect)

Past Present Future

It expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.
It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
Examples:

A) I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

B) Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
C) Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
D) She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
E) Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
F) We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
A: Had you ever visited the U.K. before your trip in 2006?

B: Yes, I had been to the U.K. once before.
G) I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Arraial.

.
Form: had + past participle

131
 The past before the past
2011
(past perfect continuous)
Past Present Future

Form:
had been + present participle.

Examples:

A) They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
B) She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.
C) How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
D) Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
E) James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.
F) A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?
B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

132
 Exercise
Let's talk about

What you had done...

1) How long have you been learning English at Dox Conversation Course?
Had you ever studied in another place before?

2) Before you started learning English, had you ever imagined how fluent you
would be in the future?

3) When did you go abroad for the first time? How had you prepared your trip?

4) Had you ever spoken to a native English speaker before you came to Dox? How
was it?

5) Had you learned any other foreign language before English?

6) How long had you been waiting to start learning English before you finally started?

7)Ask your own questions.

133
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Create a play using the past perfect and the
past perfect continuous.
5) Add the sentences below:

A) How long had you been waiting before the bus

arrived?

B) She had learned Japanese before she moved to

Japan in 1999.

C) I had never done it before.

ACTION!

134
Create sentences using the past perfect, repeat them
in front of the mirror and record your voice.
Write them on this page.

135
Notes

136
 REVIEW 3

Brace yourself
137
Topic 1 3- The Crane and the Snake
Once upon a time in the Qing dynasty, there was an abbess named Ng Mui.
She lived in Fujian, a province on the southeast coast of mainland China.
Ng Mui was one of the five Kung Fu masters in the Shaolin temple.
It was around this period when the Manchus came to power in China and began their strict rule
in order to keep control.
Due to their support for the Ming, the Shaolin monks faced great
pressure and ultimate destruction to their temples.
Ng Mui escaped to the Crane Mountain and there she stayed.
One day she came across a fight between two animals, a snake and a crane.
She observed every movement of both of them. The crane moved graciously and effortlessly
while the snake moved rapidly and focused.
From that moment, she started to develop a new Kung Fu style.
When applied to the human form, these delicate but natural movements
required little force to block and strike effectively and efficiently.
Ng Mui’s first student was called Yim Wing Chun, a beautiful young girl
who was being pressured by a bandit warlord into marriage.
After mastering the art so as to defend herself and eventually drive off the bandit,
Yim Wing Chun would have the form named after her as the first student of Ng Mui.
 TIPS
TIPS TIPS

Due t o - Caused by

Example:

She moved to another city due to lack

of job opportunities.

Co me a cr o s s - Find or meet by chance

Example:

I came across some old photos when I was

tidying the bookshelf.

139
 Exercise
Let's talk about Martial Arts

1) What is Kung Fu? 2) What is Wing Chun? 3) What is an abess?

a) It's a type of food. a) It's an animal. a) It's a profession.

b) It's a martial art. b) It's a Kung Fu style. b) It's a woman who is

the head of an abbey of nuns.
c) It's a kind of music. c) It's a book. c) It's a song.

4) Have you ever practiced any martial arts? Which one?

5) Which martial art is your favorite? Why?

6) Would you like to practice Wing Chun Kung Fu one day?

( ) Yes, I would. Because..._________________________________________

( ) No, I wouldn't. Because..._______________________________________

7) Is it important to practice martial arts? Choose one or more of the following options
according to your personal opinion or write down with your own words.

a) ( ) I find it really important to practice martial arts to develop physical and psychological strength.

b) ( )Martial arts can help you overcome your limitations.

c) ( ) Martial arts teach you discipline. You learn how to respect each other and contribute to
a better society.

d) ( ) I think that martial arts are a waste of time, because they make people more aggressive.
I don't like any kind of martial arts.

e)( ) ____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
8) Do you agree or disagree with you partner? Explain why.

( ) Yes, I agree one hundred percent. Because...

( ) I'm sorry, but I disagree. Because...

( ) I partially agree. Because...

9) "One day she came across a fight between two animals, a snake and a crane."

Come across (present)

Came across (past)

What's the definition of "come across"?

a) ( ) to find unexpectedly.
b) ( ) to cross the street.
c) ( ) to look.

10) Make sentences using "come across".

Present:

Past:

Future:

141
 Fight like a girl
Ronda Jean Rousey (born February 1, 1987) is an American mixed
martial artist and judoka. She is the first UFC Women's
Bantamweight Champion, as well as the last Strikeforce Women's
Bantamweight Champion. She has defeated 8 of her 10
opponents by armbar, however, at UFC 170 she earned
a 1st Round TKO over Sara McMann.

Source: http://rondarousey.net/about/

The rugby player who stayed on the pitch, despite breaking her nose during a tackle,
has now become an "inspiration".
Georgia Page, who represents Lindenwood University in Missouri, fell and
injured her face in a match on Thursday. She got up, carried on playing
and even made another tackle, before being taken off the pitch to get medical treatment.
Page then rejoined the game in the second half.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk
142
What's the general concept of "fight like a girl"?

What does it mean to "fight like a girl" for you?

Disscuss it.

143
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Present a speech based upon your thoughts.

ACTION!

144
What are the stereotypes related to women?
What is your point of view about them?

145
Notes

146
Topic - 14
Half full or half empty?

147
 Alison Ledgerwood joined the Department of Psychology at UC Davis in 2008
after completing her PhD in Social Psychology at New York University.
She is interested in understanding how people think, and how they can think better.
Her research, which is funded by the National Science Foundation, investigates how
certain ways of thinking about an issue tend to stick in people's heads.
Her classes on social psychology focus on understanding the way people think and
behave in social situations, and how to harness that knowledge to potentially improve
the social world in which we all live.

“Once we think about something as a loss, that way of thinking about it tends to
stick in our heads and to resist our attempts to change it.”

Do you still remember how many times you have been called ugly, fat, stupid, skinny
or dumb? Has any of these insults stuck in your head longer then it should?
Do you still remember how many times you have been called beautiful, intelligent,
gorgeous or brilliant? Has any of these compliments stuck in your head longer
than any insult?
According to the experiment conducted by Alison, the negative situations tend to
stick longer than the good ones. Also, it is harder to convert something negative
into positive and much easier to convert from positive to negative.
“Our view of the world tends to tilt toward the negative”

148
 Exercise

Discuss it
Based on the experiment and also on your personal experiences, answer the following
questions. Use them as a guide for the Action Time or Speech.
Action Time - Speech.
1) Are you a “half full” or “half empty” type of person?

2) What is the difference between being realistic and pessimistic?

3) Why do people tend to remember the negatives more than the positives?

4) What do you usually do to remind yourself that your day wasn't a total loss and it actually
had good things as well?

149
You have 20 minutes to prepare your Action Time.

Criteria:
1) It must be at least 3 minutes long;
2) Every participant must speak;
3) Portuguese isn't allowed;
4) Present a speech or a play based upon your thoughts.

ACTION!

150
How do you overcome negativity?

151
Notes

152
This book has finished, but your journey to fluency has only begun.

Don't hesitate to review what you learned, it doesn't matter how

many times.

Stay focused and believe in yourself.

You thrive when you don't give up.

153
About the author

Ivo Gabriel Lima Rodrigues.

Born and raised in Cabo Frio-RJ.
Founder of Dox Conversation Course
(March 10th - 2014).
Married to Gabriela Ramos.
English teacher since the age of 19.
Passionate about the English language
and travelling.
Has been to England, Kenya, Argentina,
Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Turkey,
Tunisia...
A dreamer.

154
Special thanks to

my incredible wife, Gabriela for her support

and dedication.

My friends Paul and Claudia Finnigan for

helping me at Dox and revising this book.

155
Property of Dox Conversation Course. Except as may be expressly authorized by
written agreement signed by Dox Conversation Course, no portion may be altered,
rewritten, edited, modified, or shared with an external third party or used to create any
derivative works.

Propriedade de Dox Conversation Course. Exceto conforme possa ser expressamente

autorizado por acordo escrito assinado por Dox Conversation Course, nenhuma parte
pode ser alterada, reescrita, editada, compartilhada por terceiros ou usada para criar
quaisquer trabalhos derivados.

156