5|P age Chemistry SPM – Quick Review F4

• All of C and Cl atoms achieve stable octet electron arrangement.

• A covalent compound with formula CCI4 is formed.

Frequently Asked Questions in SPM Standard Answers

28) State the meaning of electrolyte. • Electrolyte is the substance that can conduct electricity in
molten or aqueous (liquid) state and undergo chemical change.
29) Explain why solution of hydrogen • Hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound.
chloride in water can conduct • In methylbenzene, hydrogen chloride exists as molecules.
electricity but solution of hydrogen Therefore, it cannot conduct electricity.
chloride in methylbenzene cannot • In water, hydrogen chloride ionises to produce hydrogen ions
conduct electricity? and chloride ions which are free to move.
• Therefore, it can conduct electricity.
30) Explain how copper electrodes affect • In an electrolysis of copper(ll) sulphate solution using copper
the selective discharge of ions at the electrodes, no ion is discharged at anode.
anode during electrolysis of • Instead, the copper anode itself dissolves to form copper(ll) ion.
copper(ll) sulphate solution. Cu  Cu2+ + 2e (Cu atoms ionise)
31) Explain how concentration of ions in • When using dilute hydrochloric acid (0.0001 mol dm-3),
electrolyte affects the selective hydroxide ion is discharged at anode to release oxygen gas.
discharge of ions at the anode 4 OH-  2 H2O + O2 + 4e
during electrolysis of hydrochloric • When using concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.0 mol dm-3),
acid. chloride ion is discharged at anode to produce chlorine gas.
2 Cl-  Cl2 + 2e
32) Explain why the blue copper(ll) • The rate of the discharged of copper(ll) ions at the cathode is
sulphate solution remains the same as the rate of ionisation of copper anode. The
unchanged when copper is used as concentration of copper(ll) ions remains unchanged.
OR
electrodes.
• The copper(ll) ions discharged at the cathode is replaced with
the copper(Il) ion formed from the anode. The concentration of
copper(ll) ions remains unchanged.
33) Explain the process of electrolysis of • Sodium nitrate solution consists of Na+, NO3-, H+, and OH- ions.
sodium nitrate solution using carbon • During electrolysis, positive ions - Na+ and H+ ions move to
electrode. cathode and negative ions - NO3- and OH- ions move to anode.
• At cathode, H+ ion is selectively discharged because its position
is lower than Na+ ion in electrochemical series.
• Hydrogen gas is given out at cathode.
• At anode, OH- ion is selectively discharged because it is lower
than NO3- ion in electrochemical series.
• Oxygen gas is given out at anode.
34) Explain how Daniell Cell can • In Daniell Cell, zinc is more electropositive than copper.
generate electricity. • Zinc acts as the negative terminal and copper acts as the
positive terminal.
• Zinc donates electrons to form zinc ions, Zn2+.
• Electrons flow from zinc electrode to copper electrode through
the external circuit.
• At copper electrode, electrons are received by the copper(Il)
ions, Cu2+ in the copper(II) sulphate solution and discharge to
form copper atoms.
• The continuous flow of electrons and movement of ions produce
electric current in the Daniell Cell.

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