SUGGESTED SOLUTION

CA INTERMEDIATE
SUBJECT-ACCOUNTS

Test Code – INP 2111

BRANCH - (Date :)

Head Office :Shraddha, 3rd Floor, Near Chinai College, Andheri (E), Mumbai – 69.
Tel : (022) 26836666

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ANSWER : 1(A)

As per provisions of AS 10, any cost directly attributable to bring the assets to the location
and conditions necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner indicated by the
management are called directly attributable costs and would be included in the costs of an
item of PPE.

Management of Neon Enterprise should capitalize the costs of construction and remodelling
the restaurant, because they are necessary to bring the restaurant to the condition necessary for
it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. The restaurant cannot be
opened without incurring the construction and remodelling expenditure amounting Rs. 30,00,000
and thus the expenditure should be considered part of the asset.

However, the cost of salaries of staff engaged in preparation of restaurant Rs. 7,50,000 before
its opening are in the nature of operating expenditure that would be incurred if the restaurant
was open and these costs are not necessary to bring the restaurant to the conditions necessary
for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Hence, Rs. 7,50,000
should be expensed.

(5 MARKS)

ANSWER : 1(B)
Exchange differences arising on restatement or repayment of liabilities incurred for the purpose
of acquiring an item of property, plant and equipment should be adjusted in the carrying amount
of the respective item of property, plant and equipment as Om Ltd. has exercised the option and
it is long term foreign currency monetary item. Thus, the entire exchange loss due to variation of
Rs. 20 lakh on 31.03.2020 on payment of US $ 10 lakh, should be added to the carrying amount of
an item of property, plant and equipment and not to the cost of goods sold. Further, depreciation
on the unamortized depreciable amount should also be provided.

Calculation of Exchange loss:

Foreign currency loan (in Rs.) = (50 lakh $ x Rs. 60) = Rs. 3,000 lakh

Exchange loss on outstanding loan on 31.03.2020 = Rs. 40 lakh US $ x (62.00-60.00) = Rs. 80 lakh.

So, Rs. 80 lakh should also be added to cost of an item of property, plant and equipment with
corresponding credit to outstanding loan in addition to Rs. 20 lakh on account of exchange loss
on payment of installment. The total cost of an item of property, plant and equipment to be
increased by Rs. 100 lakh. Total depreciation to be provided for the year 2019 - 2020 = 20% of
(Rs. 3,000 Iakh + 100 lakh) = Rs. 620 lakh.

(5 MARKS)

ANSWER : 1(C)

(1) False: The nature and the amount of each extraordinary item should be separately
disclosed in the statement of profit and loss in a manner that its impact on current profit
or loss can be perceived.
(2) True: When grants in the nature of promoters’ contribution becomes refundable, in part
or in full to the government on non-fulfillment of some specified conditions, the relevant

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 amount refundable to the government is reduced from the capital reserve.
(3) False: Inventories should be valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value (not
selling price) as per AS 2.
(4) False: A current investment is an investment that is by its nature readily realizable and is
intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investment is
made.
(5) False: A contingency is a condition or situation, the ultimate outcome of which, gain or
loss, will be known or determined only on the occurrence, or non-occurrence, of one or
more uncertain future events.
(5 MARKS)
ANSWER : 1 (D)
Cash Flow Statement from Investing Activities of Subham Creative Limited for the year ended 31-
03-2019
Cash generated from investing activities Rs. Rs.

Interest on loan received 70,000

Pre-acquisition dividend received on investment made 52,600
Unsecured loans given to subsidiaries (5,00,000)
Interest received on investments (gross value) 82,000
TDS deducted on interest (8,200)
Sale of Plant & Machinery Rs. (90,000 – 9,600) 80,400
Cash used in investing activities (before extra-ordinary item) (2,23,200)

Extraordinary claim received for loss of machinery 55,000

Net cash used in investing activities (after extra-ordinary (1,68,200)

item)

Note:
1. Debenture interest paid and Term Loan repaid are financing activities and therefore not
considered for preparing cash flow from investing activities.
2. Machinery acquired by issue of shares does not amount to cash outflow, hence also not
considered in the above cash flow statement.
3. The investments made in debentures are for short-term, it will be treated as ‘cash equivalent’
and will not be considered as outflow in cash flow statement.
(5 MARKS)

ANSWER : 2(A)

Investment Account (Shares in Kumar Limited) in the books of Meera

Date Particulars No. of Income Amt. Date Particulars No. of Income Amt
Shares Shares
2019 Rs. Rs. 2019 Rs. Rs.
April To Bank 40,000 - 60,000 May 15 By Bank 8,000 - 15,200
1 (Purchases) (Sale)
May To profit & - - 3,200

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15 Loss A/c.
(W.N. 1)
June To Bonus 8,000 - Nil 2020
15 Issue
July To Bank (@ 4,000 - 3,000 May 15 By Bank - 4,800# -
15 75 P. paid (Dividend
on 4,000 @ 15% on
shares) 32,000)
Sept. To Bank (@ - - 3,000 Mar 30 By Bank 20,000 28,000
75 p. paid A/c (sale)
on 4,000
shares)
2020 To Profit & - 3,455 Mar 31 By Balance 24,000 - 29,455
Mar. Loss A/c c/d*
31 (W.N. 2)
To Profit & - 4,800
Loss A/c.
52,000 4,800 72,655 52,000 4,800 72,655
,
* × 54,000
,

#Alternatively, interim dividend can be calculated as Rs. 6,600 (44,000 x 15%) i.e. Bonus and right
shares are also included in the computation of shares for the purpose of dividend.

Working Notes :

(1) Profit on Sale on 15.5.2019 :

Cost of 8,000 shares @ Rs. 1.50 Rs. 12,000
Less : Sales price Rs. 15,200
Profit Rs. 3,200
(2) Cost of 20,000 shares sold :
Cost of 44,000 shares (48,000 + 6,000) Rs. 54,000

Cost of 20,000 Shares

. ,
× 20,000 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 Rs. 24,545
,

Profit on sale of 20,000 shares (28,000 – Rs. 24,545) Rs. 3,455

(10 MARKS)

ANSWER : 2(B)

Computation of claim for loss of stock

Rs.
Stock on the date of fire (i.e. on 1.10.2017) 3,75,000
Less: Stock salvaged (50,000)
Stock destroyed by fire (Loss of stock) 3,25,000
Insurance claim = Rs.3,25,000

(Average clause is not applicable as insurance policy amount (Rs. 5,00,000) is more than the
value of closing stock ie. Rs.3,75,000)

Memorandum Trading A/c

(1.4.17 to 30.9.17)

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 Particulars Rs. Particulars Rs.
To Opening stock 3,50,000 By Sales 25,68,000
To Purchase 19,75,000 By Goods with Customers * (for 99,000
approval (W.N. 1)
(Rs. 18,75,000 + Rs. 1,00,000) By Closing stock (Bal. fig.) 3,75,000
To Carriage inward 35,000
To Wages 40,000
To Gross Profit
(Rs. 25,68,000  25%) 6,42,000
30,42,000 30,42,000
For financial statement purposes, this would form part of closing stock (since there is no
sale). However, this has been shown separately for computation of claim for loss of stock
since the goods were physically not with the entity and, hence, there was no loss of such
stock.

Working Notes:
1. Calculation of goods with customers
Since no approval for sale has been received for the goods of Rs. 1,32,000 (i.e. 2/3 of
Rs. 1,98,000) hence, these should be valued at cost i.e. Rs. 1,32,000 – 25% of
Rs.1,32,000 =Rs.99,000.
2. Calculation of actual sales
Total sales – Goods not dispatched - Sale of goods on approval (2/3 rd) = Sales (Rs.
27,75,000 – 75,000 – Rs.1,32,000) = Rs.25,68,000

(10 MARKS)

ANSWER : 3(A)

Departmental Trading Account for the year ended on 31st March, 2020
Particulars A B Particulars A B
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
To Opening Stock 3,00,000 2,40,000 By Sales 60,00,000 90,00,000
To Purchases 39,00,000 54,60,000 By Closing Stock 6,00,000 12,00,000
To Gross Profit 24,00,000 45,00,000
66,00,000 1,02,00,000 66,00,000 1,02,00,000
General profit and loss account of Beta for the year ended on 31 st March, 2020

Particulars Amount Particulars Amount

Rs. Rs.
To General expenses 7,50,000 By Stock reserve (opening stock)
To Stock reserve (Closing Dept. A 30,000
Stock)
Dept. A 60,000 Dept. B 36,000
Dept. B 72,000 By Gross Profit
To Net Profit 60,84,000 Dept. A 24,00,000
Dept. B 45,00,000
69,66,000 69,66,000

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Working Notes:
Dept. A Dept. B
Percentage of Profit 24,00,000/60,00,000 x 100 = 45,00,000/90,00,000 x 100 =
40% 50%
Opening Stock reserve 60,000 x 50% = 30,000 90,000 X 40% = 36,000
Closing Stock reserve 1,20,000 x 50%=60,000 1,80,000 x 40% = 72,000
(8 MARKS)

ANSWER : 3(B)

Calculation of Total Interest and instalment Amount

Date O/s Cash Price Int.@ 8% Total Instalment
1.4.17. 11,50,000 - 11,50,000 2,50,000(D.P.)
31.3.18 9,00,000 72,000 9,72,000 3,72,000 (3,00,000 + 72,000)
31.3.19 6,00,000 48,000 6,48,000 3,48,000 (3,00,000 + 48,000)
31.3.20 3,00,000 24,000 3,24,000 3,24,000
Total Int. 1,44,000 HPP  12,94,000

Note : Alternative Presentation of above working note is also possible

Tractor Account
Date Particulars Rs. Date Particulars Rs.
1.4.2017 To Raj 11,50,000 31.3.2018 By Dep. 1,15,000
By Balance c/d 10,35,000
11,50,000 11,50,000
1.4.2018 To Balance b/d 10,35,000 31.3.2019 By Dep. 1,15,000
By Balance c/d 9,20,000
10,35,000 10,35,000
1.4.2019 To balance b/d 9,20,000 31.3.2020 By Dep. 1,15,000
By Balance c/d 8,05,000
9,20,000 9,20,000

H.P. Interest Suspense Account

Date Particulars Rs. Date Particulars Rs.
1.4.2017 To Raj Ltd. A/c 1,44,000 31.3.2018 By Interest A/c 72,000
(W.N.)
31.3.2018 By Balance c/d 72,000
1,44,000 1,44,000
1.4.2018 To Balance b/d 72,000 31.3.2019 By Interest A/c 48,000
31.3.2019 By Balance c/d 24,000
72,000 72,000
1.4.2019 To Balance b/d 24,000 31.3.2020 By Interest A/c 24,000

Total Interest = Rs. 72,000 + Rs.48,000 + Rs.24,000 = Rs.1,44,000

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 Raj Ltd. Account
Date Particulars Rs. Date Particulars Rs.
1.4.2017 To Bank A/c 2,50,000 1.4.2017 By Tractor A/c 11,50,000
31.3.2018 To Bank A/c 3,72,000 By H.P. Interest 1,44,000
Suspense A/c
To Balance c/d 6,72,000
12,94,000 12,94,000
31.3.2019 To Bank A/c 3,48,000 1.4.2018 By Balance b/d 6,72,000
To Balance c/d 3,24,000
6,72,000 6,72,000
31.3.2020 To Bank A/c 3,24,000 1.4.2019 By Balance b/d 3,24,000
(12 MARKS)

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION 1 to ANSWER : 4(A)

In case increase in sales to 3.5 times is taken in Jan to March 2020

Tejasvi (P) Limited

Statement showing apportionment of cost and revenue between pre – incorporation and post –
incorporation periods

Pre. Inc. (5 months) Post inc. (10 months)

(Rs.) (Rs.)
Sales (W.N. 1) 3,00,000 16,80,000
Less : Cost of Sales 1,80,000 10,08,000
Discount to dealers 7,000 39,200
Directors’ remuneration - 60,000
Salaries (W.N. 2) 18,750 71,250
Rent (W.N. 3) 15,000 1,20,000
Interest (W.N. 4) 30,000 75,000
Depreciation 10,000 20,000
Office expenses 35,000 70,000
Preliminary expenses 15,000
Net Profit 4,250 2,01,550
Working Notes :

1. Calculation of sales ratio

Let the average sales per month in pre – incorporation period be x
Average Sales (Pre – incorporation) =x5 = 5x
Sales (Post incorporation) from June to December, 2019 = 2 ½  7 = 17.5x
From January to March, 2020 =3½3 = 10.5x
Total Sales 28.0x
Sales ratio of pre – incorporation & post incorporation is 5x : 28x
2. Calculation of ratio for salaries
Let the average salary be x
Pre – incorporation salary =x5 = 5x
Post incorporation salary
June, 2019 = x
July, 2019 to March, 2020 =x92 =18x

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 19x
Ratio is 5 : 19
3. Calculation of Rent
Rs.
Total Rent 1,35,000
Less : Additional rent for 9 months @ Rs. 10,000 p.m. 90,000
Rent of old premises apportioned in time ratio 45,000
Apportionment Pre Inc. Post Inc.
Old premises rent 15,000 30,000
Additional Rent 90,000
15,000 1,20,000

4. Calculation of interest
Pre – incorporation period from January, 2019 to May, 2019
, , × ×
= Rs. 30,000
×

Post incorporation period from June, 2019 to March, 2020

, , × ×
= Rs. 75,000
×
Rs. 1,05,000
(10 MARKS)

ANSWER : 4(B)
Journal Entries

Rs. Rs.
1 10% Preference Share Final Call A/c. Dr. 6,00,000
To 10% Preference Share Capital A/c. 6,00,000
(For Final call made on Preference Shares @ Rs. 20 each
to make them fully paid up)
2 Bank A/c Dr. 6,00,000
To 10% Preference Share Final Call A/c 6,00,000
(For receipt of final call money on preference shares)
3 Bank A/c. Dr. 3,00,000
To Equity Share Application A/c. 3,00,000
(For receipt of application money on 1,50,000 equity
shares @ Rs. 2 per share)
4. Equity Share Application A/c Dr. 3,00,000
To Equity Share Capital A/c 3,00,000
(For capitalization of application money received)
5 Equity Share Allotment A/c Dr. 10,50,000
To Equity Share Capital A/c 7,50,000
To Securities Premium A/c 3,00,000

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 (For allotment money due on 1,50,000 equity shares @
Rs. 7 per share including a premium of Rs. 2 per share)
6 Bank A/c Dr. 10,50,000
To Equity Share Allotment A/c 10,50,000
(For receipt of allotment money on equity shares)
7 10% Preference Share Capital A/c Dr. 30,00,000
Premium on Redemption of Preference Shares A/c Dr. 3,00,000
To Preference Shareholders A/c 33,00,000
(For amount payable to preference shareholders on
redemption at 10 % premium)
8 General Reserve A/c Dr. 3,00,000
To Premium on Redemption A/c 3,00,000
(Writing off premium on redemption of preference
shares)
9 General Reserve A/c Dr. 19,50,000
To Capital Redemption Reserve A/c 19,50,000
(For transfer of CRR the amount not covered by the
proceeds of fresh issue of equity shares i.e., 30,00,000 -
3,00,000 - 7,50,000)
10 Preference Shareholders A/c Dr. 33,00,000
To Bank A/c 33,00,000
(For amount paid to preference shareholders)

Balance Sheet (extracts)

Particulars Notes As at As at
No. 31.3.2020 31.12.2019
Rs. Rs.
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
1. Shareholders’ funds
a) Share capital 1 70,50,000 84,00,000
b) Reserves and Surplus 2 59,00,000 59,00,000
Notes to Accounts:

As at As at
31.3.2020 31.12.2019
1. Share Capital
Issued, Subscribed and Paid up:
6,00,000 Equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paidup 60,00,000 60,00,000

1,50,000 Equity shares of Rs.10 each Rs.7 paid up 10,50,000 -

30,000, 10% Preference shares of Rs. 100 each, - 24,00,000
Rs.80 paid up
70,50,000 84,00,000
2. Reserves and Surplus
Capital Redemption Reserve 37,50,000 18,00,000
Securities Premium 9,00,000 6,00,000
General Reserve 12,50,000 35,00,000

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 59,00,000 59,00,000
Note:
1. Securities premium has not been utilized for the purpose of premium payable on
redemption of preference shares assuming that the company referred in the question is
governed by Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and comply with the Accounting
Standards prescribed for them.
2. Amount received (excluding premium) on fresh issue of shares till the date of redemption
should be considered for calculation of proceeds of fresh issue of shares. Thus,
proceeds of fresh issue of shares are Rs.10,50,000 (Rs.3,00,000 application money plus Rs.
7,50,000 received on allotment towards share capital) and balance Rs. 19,50,000 to taken
from general reserve account.
(10 MARKS)

ANSWER : 5(A)
Shree Ltd.
Balance sheet as at 31st March, 2020

Particulars Note No. Rs.

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
1. Shareholders Funds
(a) Share Capital 1 19,90,000
(b) Reserves & Surplus 2 3,47,000
2. Non Current Liabilities
3. Current Liabilities
(a) Short Term Borrowing (Bank Overdraft) 12,67,000
(b) Trade Payable 2,40,500
(c) Other current Liabilities 3 61,000
(d) Short Term Provisions 4 1,20,000
Total 40,25,500
ASSETS
1. Non Current Assets
(a) Property, Plant and Equipment
(i) Tangible Assets 5 25,92,500
(ii) Intangible Assets 6 3,37,500
2. Current Assets
(a) Inventories 7,08,000
(b) Trade Receivable 7 3,59,500
(c) Cash & Cash Equivalents 8 28,000
Total 40,25,500

Statement of Profit of Loss for year ended 31st March, 2020

Particulars Note No. Rs.
I. Revenue from operations (Sales) 36,17,000
II. Other Income 9 36,500
III. Total Revenue (I + II) 36,53,500
IV. Expenses
Cost of Material consumed -

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 Purchase of stock in Trade 10 12,90,000
Changes in inventories of Finished Goods 11 (43,000)
Employee Benefit expense 12 13,93,000
Finance cost (interest on overdraft) 1,11,000
Depreciation and Amortisation Expenses 13 1,20,000
Other Expenses 14 3,82,500
Total Expenses 32,53,500
V. Profit Before Tax (III – IV) 4,00,000
VI. Tax Expenses (@ 30%) (1,20,000)
VII. Profit for the Period 2,80,000
Notes to Accounts

1. Share Capital
Authorised
5,00,000 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each 50,00,000
Issued, subscribed and paid up
2,00,000 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each fully called up 20,00,000
(-) Calls in Arrears (@ Rs. 2) (10,000) 19,90,000
2. Reserve and Surplus
Surplus
Opening Balance 67,000
(+) Profit for the period 2,80,000
3,47,000
3. Other current Liabilities
Outstanding Wages 25,000
Outstanding Business Expenses 36,000
61,000
4. Short Term Provisions
Provision for Tax 1,20,000
5. Tangible Assets
Furniture and Fixtures 1,50,000
(-) 10% Depreciation (15,000) 1,35,000
Freehold Land 16,25,000
Plant & Machinery 7,50,000
(-) 5% Depreciation (37,500) 7,12,500
Engineering Tools 1,50,000
(-) 20% Depreciation (30,000) 1,20,000
25,92,500
6. Intangible Assets
Patterns 3,75,000
(-) 10% Written off (37,500)
3,37,500
7. Trade Receivable
Trade Receivable 4,00,500
(-) Additional Bad debts (16,000)
3,84,500
(-) Provision for doubtful Debts (25,000)
3,59,500
8. Cash & Cash Equivalents
Bank Balance in current Account 20,000
Cash in hand 8,000
28,000
9. Other Incomes 30,000
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 Rent Received 6,500
Transfer Fees received 36,500
10. Purchase of stock in Trade
Purchases 12,32,500
(+) carriage inwards (Note) 57,500
Note : Alternatives carriage inward can be recorded under the 12,90,000
Heading “Other Expenses”.
11. Changes in inventory of Finished Goods/Stock in Trade 6,65,000
Opening Inventory
(-) Closing Inventory (7,08,000)
(43,000)
12. Employee Benefit Expenses
Wages 13,68,000
(+) Outstanding Wages 25,000
13,93,000
13. Depreciation & Amortisation Expenses
Depreciation on
Furniture & Fixture 15,000
Plant & Machinery 37,500
Engineering Tools 30,000 82,500
Patterns written off 37,500
1,20,000
14. Other Expenses
Discount & Rebate allowed 30,000
Rate, Taxes & Insurance 55,000
Advertisement 15,000
Commission & Brokerage 67,500
Business Expenses 56,000
(+) Outstanding 36,000 92,000
Repairs to Building 56,500
Bad Debts 25,500
(+) Additional Bad debts 16,000
(+) New Provision 25,000 66,500
3,82,500

(14 MARKS)

ANSWER : 5(B)
Journal Entries in the books of Umesh Ltd.

Rs. Rs.
1-4-2021 Equity share final call A/c Dr. 6,00,000
To Equity share capital A/c 6,00,000
(For final calls of Rs. 2 per share on 3,00,000 equity shares
due as per Board’s Resolution dated….)
20-4-2021 Bank A/c Dr. 6,00,000
To Equity share final call A/c 6,00,000
(For final call money on 3,00,000 equity shares received)
Securities Premium A/c Dr. 75,000
Capital redemption reserve A/c Dr. 1,20,000
General Reserve A/c Dr. 3,60,000

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 Profit and Loss A/c (b.f.) Dr. 1,95,000
To Bonus to shareholders A/c 7,50,000
(For making provision for bonus issue of one share for
every four shares held)
Bonus to shareholders A/c Dr. 7,50,000
To Equity share capital A/c 7,50,000
(For issue of bonus shares)
(6 MARKS)

ANSWER : 6(A)

In the books of Ganesh Ltd.

New York Branch Trial Balance in (Rs.)
as on 31st March, 2020
Conversion rate Dr. Cr.
per US $
(Rs.) Rs. Rs.
Stock on 1.4.19 40 12,000 -
Purchases and sales 41 32,800 61,500
Sundry debtors and creditors 42 16,800 12,600
Bills of exchange 42 5,040 10,080
Sundry expenses 41 44,280
Bank Balance 42 17,640 -
Delhi office A/c. - - 44,380
1,28,560 1,28,560
(5 MARKS)

ANSWER : 6(B)

(i) Users of financial statements :

Investors, Employees, Lenders, Supplies, / Creditors, Customers, Government & Public

(ii) Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Statements :

Understandability, Relevance, Comparability, Reliability & Faithful Representation

(iii) Elements of Financial Statements :

Asset, Liability, Equity, Income/ Gain and Expenses /Loss

(5 MARKS)

ANSWER : 6(C)

Para 10 of AS 16 ‘Borrowing Costs’ states that to the extent the funds are borrowed specifically for
the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization
on that asset should be determined as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing
during the period less any income on the temporary investment of those borrowings. The
capitalization rate should be the weighted average of borrowing costs applicable to the borrowings
of the enterprise that are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically
for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset. Hence, in the above case, treatment of accountant

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of Vital Ltd. is incorrect. The amount of borrowing costs capitalized for the financial year 2019 – 20
should be calculated as follows :
Actual interest for 2019 – 20 (10% of Rs. 150 crores) Rs. 15.00 crores
Less : Income on temporary investment from specific borrowings (Rs. 1.50 crores)
Borrowing costs to be capitalized during year 2019 – 2020 Rs. 13.50 crores
(5 MARKS)

ANSWER : 6(D)

According to AS 2 ‘Valuation of Inventories’, inventories should be valued at the lower of cost

and net realizable value.

Product – A
Material cost Rs. 40 x 200 = 8,000
Wages cost Rs. 30 x 200 = 6,000
Overhead Rs. 20 x 200 = 4,000
Total cost Rs. 18,000
Realizable value [200 x (110-11)] Rs. 19,800
Hence inventory value of Product -A Rs. 18,000

Product – B

Material cost Rs. 45 x 800 = 36,000

Wages cost Rs. 35 x 800 = 28,000
Total cost Rs. 64,000
Realizable value (800 x 70) Rs. 56,000
Hence inventory value of Product-B Rs. 56,000
Total Value of closing inventory i.e. Product A + Product B (18,000+ 56,000) Rs. 74,000

(5 MARKS)

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