Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU)

BLDEA's V. P. Dr. P. G. Halakatti College of

Engineering and Technology

DEPARTMENTS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING
MINI PROJECT REPORT ON “RAILWAY RESERVATION
AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF R D SALAGAR

SUBMITTED BY:
Balaji Bonageri (2BL18CS014)
Sameer Patil (2BL19CS078)
Arpita M (2BL19CS017)
Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU)

BLDEA's V. P. Dr. P. G. Halakatti College of

Engineering and Technology

DEPARTMENTS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mini project on database management system laboratory[18CSL58] work
entitled “RAILWAY RESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is a bonafede work carried
out by Balaji Bonageri(2BL18CS014), Sameer Patil(2BL19CS078), Arpita M(2BL19CS017), submitted in
partial fulfilment for the degree of the award of Bachelor of Engineering degree of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2021-2022. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions
indicated for internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report. The mini project report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for Bachelor of
Engineering Degree in computer Science Engineering.

GUIDE HOD
PROF R D SALAGAR Dr. P.B.PATIL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express deep sense of gratitude tour beloved principal Dr. G V
PATIL providing all facilities in the college

We would like to thank our Head of Department Dr. P.B.Patil for providing facilities
and fostering congenial academic environment in the college.

We feel deeply indebted to our esteemed guide PROF R D SALAGAR for their help
right from the conception and visualization to the very presentation of the mini
project on web lab. He has been our guiding light.

We would take this opportunity to thank all the faculty members and supporting staff
for heling us in this endeavour.

Last but not we would like to thank our parents, all my friends and well wishers
who helped us.

Project Associates:

oBalaji Bonageri
oSameer Patil
oArpita M

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 02| P a g e

 INDEX
TITLE Page no
Abstract 4
Introduction 5
Objectives 6
Problem Definition 7
System Design 8
Schema Design & ER Diagram 9
Methodology 10
Implementation 11-12
Conclusion & Reference 13

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 03 | P a g e

 ABSTRACT

This system is basically concerned with the reservation and cancellation of railway tickets to
the passengers. The need of this system arose because as is the known fact that India has the
largest railway network in the whole of the world and to handle it manually is quite a tough
job. By computerizing it, we will be able to overcome many of its limitations and will be able
to make it more efficient. The handling of data and records for such a vast system is a very
complex task if done manually but it can be made much easier if the system is
computerized.
To be more specific, our system is limited in such a way that a train starting from a
particular source will have a single destination

The basic functions being performed by our system are :

1. RESERVATION
2. FARE
3. CANCELATION

These functions will be handled with the help of following sub functions: -

o It reserves and cancels seats for the passenger.

o It contains information about the trains.
o It contains information about the passenger.
o It contains the details of reservation fees, any concessions etc.

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 04| P a g e

 INTRODUCTION
Project Overview
Indian Railways is an Indian state-owned enterprise, owned and operated by the
Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. It is one of the world's
largest railway networks comprising 115,000 km (71,000 mi) of track over a route of
65,000 km (40,000 mi) and 7,500 stations. As of December 2012, it transported over 25
million passengers daily (over 9 billion on an annual basis). In 2011, IRR carried over 8,900
million passengers' annually or more than 24 million passengers daily (roughly half of
which were suburban passengers) and 2.8 million tons of freight daily. In 2011–2012 Indian
Railways had revenues of 1119848.9 million (US$17 billion) which consists of 696759.7
million (US$11 billion) from freight and 286455.2 million (US$4.4 billion) from
passengers tickets.

Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 from Bombay to Thane. In 1951 the systems
were nationalized as one unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one of the largest
networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multi-
gauge network of broad, meter and narrow gauges. It also owns locomotive and coach
production facilities at several places in India and are assigned codes identifying their
gauge, kind of power andtype of operation. Its operations cover twenty eight states and
seven union territories and also provide limited international services to Nepal,
Bangladesh and Pakistan.

Indian Railways is the world's ninth largest commercial or utility employer, by number of
employees, with over 1.4 million employees. As for rolling stock, IR holds over
239,281 Freight Wagons, 59,713 Passenger Coaches and 9,549 Locomotives (43
steam, 5,197 diesel and 4,309 electric locomotives). The trains have a 5 digit numbering
system as the Indian Railways runs about 10,000 trains daily. As of 31 March 2013,
23,541 km (14,628 mi) (36%) of the total 65,000 km (40,000 mi) km route length was
electrified. Since 1960, almost all electrified sections on IR use 25,000 Volt AC
traction through overhead centenary delivery

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 05| P a g e

 Objectives
 A railway reservation and management system is helpful for passengers and users to book
tickets in the touch of a button

 A railway reservation system can be accessed for any part of the world with just the need
of internet connection which is very common now a days

 The system is also useful to the administrative staff for doing their daily work like updating
train schedules, the updating and editing of routes and accessing a regular customer and
passenger details. An admin can also make changes to the ticket that is booked by a user or
passenger incase he wants to delay or postpone or prepone his journey

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 06 | P a g e

 Problem definition
Existing System
• Time consuming.
• Consumes a lot of manpower to better results.
• Lacks of data security.
• Retrieval of data takes lot of time.
.

Proposed system
To debug the existing system, remove procedures those cause data redundancy, make navigational sequence
proper. To provide information about audits on different level and also to reflect the current work
status depending on organization/auditor or date. To build strong password mechanism.

Advantage:
• System makes the overall project management much easier and flexible.
• Upload the latest updates, allows user to see the alerts.
• It provides high level of security with different level of authentication
• User friendliness

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Operating system -> windows OS

 Server ->XAMP
 Web Technologies ->PHP,HTML,CSS,JAVASCRIPT
 Database ->MySQL

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 07 | P a g e

 System Design
Data Flow Diagram(DFD)
A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyse movement of data through a system.
These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components are developed. The transformation
of data from input to output, through processed, may be described logically and independtly of physical
components associated with the system. These are known as the logical data flow diagrams,

DATA FLOW
1) A Data Flow has only one direction of flow between symbols. It may flow in both direction between
process and a data store to show a read before an update . the later is usually indicated however by two
separate arrows since these happen at different type.
2) A join in DFD means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different processes data
store sink to a common location
3) A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leads. There must be at least other process that
handles the data flow produce some other data flow returns the original data into the beginning process.
4) A data flow to a data store means update(delete or change).
5) A data flow from a data store means retrieve or use.

Context Diagram:

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 08| P a g e

 SCHEMA DAIGRAM

ER DIAGRAM

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 09 | P a g e

 METHODOLOGY
SQL
It allows combination, extraction, manipulation and organization of data in the voters database. It is
platform independent and therefore can be implemented and used across several such as Windows, Linux
server and is compatible with various hardware mainframes. It is fast in performance, stable and provides
business values at a low cost.
The database has become an integral part of almost every human’s life. Without it, many things we do
would become every tedious, perhaps impossible tasks. Banks, universities, and libraries are three
examples of organizations that depend heavily on some sort of database system. On the Internet, search
engines, online shopping, and even the website naming convention would be impossible without the use of
a database. A data base that is implemented and interfaced on a computer is often termed a database
server.
Reasons to Use My SQL
Scalability and Flexibility High
Performance High Availability
Robust Transactional Support
Web and Data Warehouse Strengths Strong Data Protection
Management Ease Entity
An entity id an “object” in the real world that is distinguishable from all other objects. An entity set
is a set of entities of the same type that share the same attributes.
Weak Entity
An entity set that may not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is termed as a weak entity set.

Attribute
Attribute are descriptive properties possessed by each member of an entity set. Key attribute
A key attribute is the unique, distinguishing characteristic of the entity. For example, Guest ID might be
the guest’s key attribute.
Multivalued attribute
In an instance where an attribute has a set of values for a specific entity is called multivalued
attribute. Derived attribute
In these attributes the value can be derived from the values of other related attributes.

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 10 | P a g e

 Implementation screenshots
Figure 1:Admin page
Figure 1 shows about the login page where admin use to login

Figure 2: Admin Dashboard

Figure 2 shows the content of the admin dashboard and features of it

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 11 | P a g e

 Figure 3: Booking page
Figure 3 shows about the train booking services

Figure 4: Schedules List

Figure 4 shows about that list of the trains and its timing etc

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 12| P a g e

 CONCLUSION

In our project Railway reservation system we have stored all the information about
the Trains scheduled and the users booking tickets and even status of trains, seats
etc. This data base is helpful for the applications which facilitate passengers to book
the train tickets and check the details of trains and their status from their place itself
it avoids inconviniences of going to railway station for each and every query they
get. We had considered the most important requriments only, many more features
and details cand be added to our project inorder to obtain even more user friendly
applications. These appäcations are already in progress and in future they can be
upgraded and may become part of amazing technology.

Reference
a. Henry F Korth, Abraham Silberschatz, ‘’Database
system concepts’’, McGraw-Hill Internation editions,
Computer Science Series (1991). Second Ed.

b. Mastering in visual basic 6

c. Software Engineering ,McGraw-Hill Internation editions

WEBSITES:-
www.w3school.com
www.vbtutor.net
www.tutorialspoint.com
www.lynda.com
www.techonthenet.com

BLDEACET CSE DEPT 13| P a g e