Horror Na Engleskom

Beliefs in the
supernatural, devils and ghosts have existed in folklore and religions of many

cultures for centuries; these would go on to become integral parts of the horror genre. [24] Zombies,
for example, originated from Haitian folklore.[25] Prior to the development of film in the late
1890s, Gothic fiction was developed.[26] These included Frankenstein (1818) and short stories
by Edgar Allan Poe, which would later have several film adaptations. [27] By the late 1800s and
early 1900s, more key horror texts would be developed than any other period preceding it.
[28]
While they were not all straight horror stories, the horrific elements of them lingered in popular
culture, with their set pieces becoming staples in horror cinema. [29]
Critic and author Kim Newman described Georges Méliès Le Manoir du diable as the first horror
film, featuring elements that would become staples in the genre: images of demons, ghosts, and
haunted castles.[30] The early 20th century cinema had production of film so hectic, several
adaptions of stories were made within months of each other. [31] This included Poe adaptations
made in France and the United States, to Frankenstein adaptations being made in the United
States and Italy.[32] The most adapted of these stories was Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr
Hyde (1886), which had three versions made in 1920 alone. [31]
Early German cinema involved Poe-like stories, such as The Student of Prague (1913) which
featured director and actor Paul Wegener. Wegner would go on to work in similar features such
as The Golem and the Dancing Girl and its related Golem films.[32] Other actors of the era who
featured in similar films included Werner Krauss and Conrad Veidt who starred in The Cabinet of
Dr. Caligari, leading to similar roles in other German productions. [1] F. W. Murnau would also
direct an adaptation of Nosferatu (1922), a film Newman described as standing "as the only
screen adaptation of Dracula to be primarily interested in horror, from the character's rat-like
features and thin body, the film was, even more so than Caligari, "a template for the horror film."[1]
1930s
Bela Lugosi in Dracula (1931), a film noted as inspiring a wave of subsequent American horror films in
the 1930s.
Following the 1927 success of Broadway play of Dracula, Universal Studios officially purchased

the rights to both the play and the novel.[33][34][35] After the Dracula's premiere on February 12, 1931,
the film received what authors of the book Universal Horrors proclaimed as "uniformly positive,
some even laudatory" reviews.[36] The commercial reception surprised Universal who forged
ahead to make similar production of Frankenstein (1931).[37][38] Frankenstein also proved to be a hit
for Universal which led to both Dracula and Frankenstein making film stars of their leads: Bela
Lugosi and Boris Karloff respectively.[39] Karloff starred in Universal's follow-up The
Mummy (1932), which Newman described as the studio knowing "what they were getting"
patterning the film close to the plot of Dracula.[39] Lugosi and Karloff would star together in several
Poe-adaptations in the 1930s.[40]
Following the release of Dracula, The Washington Post declared the film's box office success led
to a cycle of similar films while The New York Times stated in a 1936 overview that Dracula and
the arrival of sound film began the "real triumph of these spectral thrillers". [41] Other studios began
developing their own horror projects with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Paramount Pictures,
and Warner Bros.[42] Universal would also follow-up with several horror films until the mid-1930s. [39]
[42]
In 1935, the President of the BBFC Edward Shortt, wrote "although a separate category has been
established for these [horrific] films, I am sorry to learn they are on the increase...I hope that the
producers and renters will accept this word of warning, and discourage this type of subject as far
as possible."[43] As the United Kingdom was a significant market for Hollywood, American
producers listened to Shortt's warning, and the number of Hollywood produced horror films
decreased in 1936.[43] A trade paper Variety reported that Universal Studios abandonment of
horror films after the release of Dracula's Daughter (1936) was that "European countries,
especially England are prejudiced against this type product [sic]."[43] At the end of the decade, a
profitable re-release of Dracula and Frankenstein would encourage Universal to produce Son of
Frankenstein (1939) featuring both Lugosi and Karloff, starting off a resurgence of the horror film
that would continue into the mid-1940s.[44]

Horror Na Engleskom

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Horror Na Engleskom

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Beliefs in the

supernatural, devils and ghosts have existed in folklore and religions of many

Following the 1927 success of Broadway play of Dracula, Universal Studios officially purchased

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