People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Algiers National Polytechnic School

Home work unit 9

Period : 22/03/2023 to 25/03/2023

Student : -ABAR Youcef
Speciality : Mechanical Engineering
Module : AST4
Academic year : 2022/2023
Section 1 : Relative size
1- Making sentences
* The Pacific Ocean is big in proportion to the size of a whale but small in proportion to the size
of the Sun.

* A mountain is big in proportion to the size of a whale but small in proportion to the size of the
Pacific Ocean.

* An amoeba is big in proportion to the size of the nucleus of an atom but small in proportion to
the size of a bird.

* A mountain is big in proportion to the size of a camel but small in proportion to the size of the
Pacific Ocean.

* A whale is big in proportion to the size of an amoeba but small in proportion to the size of the Sun.

* A bird is big in proportion to the size of an amoeba but small in proportion to the size of a camel.

2- Asking and answering questions

* Is the nucleus of an atom large or small ?
* Answer : Compared with the size of a bird, the nucleus of an atom is relatively small.

* Is an amoeba large or small ?

* Answer : Compared with the size of the nucleus of an atom, an amoeba is relatively large.

* Is a bird large or small ?

* Answer : Compared with the size of a mountain, a bird is relatively small.

* Is a camel large or small ?

* Answer : Compared with the size of a bird, the camel is relatively large.

* Is a whale large or small ?

* Answer : Compared with the size of a bird, the whale is relatively large.

3- Sentences about rivers, mountains and cities in our country

* Compared with the Harrach river (67km), Oued Chéliff (725 km) is relatively long, but compared
with the Nile, it is relatively short.

* Compared with Bouzagza (1 033 m), mount Tahat (3,003 m) is relatively high, but compared
with mount Everest (8 848 m), it is relatively low.

* Compared with Tindouf, Algiers has a relatively large population but compared with Moscow, it
is relatively small.

4- The bar-graph
4.1- Completing the sentences
* The rectangles show the heights of different mountains.

* The heights are marked on the vertical axis. The scale is shown in thousands of meters. The
heights of these mountains range from 1000 m to 8800 m.

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4.2- Making sentences Comparing the heights of mountains
* Everest is approximately twice as high as Mount Blanc.

* Kilimanjaro is slightly lower than Aconcagua.

* Kilimanjaro is nearly the same height as McKinley.

* Mont Blanc is much lower than Aconcagua.

* Mckinley is nearly 6 times as high as Ben Nevis.

* Everest is considerably higher than Ararat.

5- Completing the bar-graph

Section 2 : Percentages and ratios

6- Completing the statements
* Engineering students constitute approximately 20% of all students.

* 50% of all students study science or engineering.

* The number of students in the faculties of engineering and letters are approximately the same.

* There are relatively few students of education.

* Compared to the percentage of science students, the percentage of agriculture students is relati-
vely small.

* In the faculty of science, 70% of the students are men and 30% are women that is, the majority
are men and women are in the minority.

* Approximately 15% of all students study medicine.

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7- Asking and answering questions
* What is the ratio between students of the Mechanical Engineering department and students of
the first cycle in the National Polytechnic School of Algiers ?
* Answer : The ratio of students of the Mechanical Engineering department to students of the first
cycle is approximately 1 :6.

* What is the ratio between students of the first cycle and students of the second cycle in the
National Polytechnic School of Algiers ?
* The ratio between students of the second cycle and students of the first cycle is 3 :2.

8- Look and read

8.1- Answering questions
* What are the percentages of copper and zinc in brass ?
* Answer : Brass consists of 70% of copper and 30% zinc.

* What are A and B in the chart ?

* Answer : B is copper and it is the majority, whereas A is zinc and it is the minority.

* What is the ratio of copper to zinc ?

* Answer : The ration of copper to zinc is 7 :3.

8.2- Completing statements

* Bronze is made up of 1 part of zinc to 3 parts of tin to 46 parts of copper.

* Expressed as a percentage, the composition is : copper 92%, tin 6% and zinc 2%.

* The ratio between copper and the other metals is 23 :2.

* Lead solder consists of 1 part of tin to 3 parts of lead.

* Lead and tin are in a ratio of 1 :3.

8.3- Cobalt steel chart

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Section 3 : Direct and inverse proportions
9- Relationships
* There isn’t a relationship between money and happiness.
Money can buy materialistic things but not happiness

* There is a relationship between the growth of a plant and sunlight.

The growth of a plant is directly proportional to the received amount of sunlight.

* There is a relationship between energy and work.

Work is directly proportional to work, the greater the work ,the bigger the amount of energy
transfered.

* There isn’t a relationship between the size of a person’s head and his intelligence.

* There isn’t a relationship between age and beauty.

10- Making statements

* There is a relationship between the temperature and pressure of gases.Pressure is directly pro-
portional to the temperature ; the lower the temperature, the lower the pressure. Conversely, the
higher the temperature, the higher the pressure.

* There is a relationship between the temperature and volume of gases.Volume is inversely propor-
tional to the temperature ; the lower the temperature, the greater the volume. Conversely, the
higher the temperature, the smaller the volume.

11-True or false
* Acceleration is directly proportional to force. True

* The greater the power of a plane’s engines, the slower its acceleration. False
The greater the power of a plane’s engines, the greater its acceleration.

* Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass for a given force. True

* The relationship between mass and acceleration is the same kind as that between force and acce-
leration.False
The relationship between mass and acceleration is the opposite of that between force and accele-
ration.

* The smaller the mass, the faster the acceleration. True

* The solubility of copper sulphate and ammonia is inversely proportional to the temperature of
the water.False
The solubility of copper sulphate is directly proportional to the temperature of the water, whereas
the solubility of ammonia is inversely proportional.

* The warmer the water the greater the solubility of ammonia. False
The solubility of ammonia is inversely proportional to the temperature of water.

* The colder the water, the less the solubility of copper sulphate. True

* The relationship between temperature and solubility is not the same for ammonia and copper
sulphate.True

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Section 4 : Reading
12-Answering questions
* Why do gases exert pressure on their containers ?
* Answer : Because the atoms and molecules, which are in rapid motion, are constantly hitting the
walls of the container.

* Why can gases change their volume, unlike liquids and solids ?
* Answer : Because the molecules of a gas are relatively far apart, hence, they can be compressed,
or forced into a smaller space.

* What happens when gases are compressed ?

* Answer : When a gas is compressed, the pressure of it increases, while the volume decreases. Also
its resistance to compression increases.

* What happens when gases are heated ?

* Answer : When a gas is heated, its temperature increases, and as a consequence, its pressure
increases because of a more rapid motion of the molecules.

13.1- Direct or inverse relationships

* Compression of a gas : resistance to further compression. Direct relationship

* Change in volume : change in pressure. Inverse relationship

* Compression of a gas : increase in temperature. Direct relationship

* Distance between molecules : compressibility of substances. Direct relationship

* Change in temperature : change in pressure. Direct relationship

13.2- The order of occurence in the passage

* Distance between molecules : compressibility of substances.

* Change in volume : change in pressure.

* Compression of a gas : resistance to further compression.

* Change in temperature : change in pressure.

* Compression of a gas : increase in temperature.

14- Discussing the statements

* A car braking system has to be kept full of liquid. If there is a hole in the pipes, the brakes will
not work.
* Answer : That is because liquids are used to transmit power, so if there is a hole in the pipes, the
liquid will be leaked and thus the power to be transmitted will be lost and the brakes will not work

* A lorry’s brakes make use of compressed gas.

* Answer : Because under very high pressure, compressed gas can be used to transmit power.

* Why can tyres filled with air support the weight of a car ?

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* Answer : Because compressing a gas increases its resistance to compression, by doing so, the gas
found in tyres is under high pressure and since it cannot get anymore compressed due to its re-
sistance, the tyres can support the weight of the car.

* If a water boiler is heated when it is empty, it may explode.

* Answer : Because pressure is directly proportional to temperature, so if the air inside the water
boiler is heated,the pressure increases, up to a point where the container may explode.