GROUP EIGHT

PAILDEN · DEMAYO· ALVAREZ· MAGSAYO

 THE RULES OF
DESCENT ARE
DIVIDED BY THE
FOLLOWING
UNILINEAL
MATRILINEAL
PATRINEAL
BILATERAL
ULINEAL
DESCENT
Unilineal descent is identified by tracing the affilition of
a person through descent of only one sex, the female or
the male, the mother or the father in the ancestry
line.Both matrilineal and patrilineal descents are
considered classifications under unilineal descent.
The unilineal descent is divided into four groups:
clans,lineages,moieties, and phratries(Ember,Ember
and Peregrine(2002)
LINEAGE- the type of link through
common ancestrt using both mother
and father's side of the family

CLAN- is a link by clun with members

tracing connection through one
another even if the supposedly
ancestral union is not clear.

MOIETIES- are based on the

association by choice with an ancestral
line but the members couldn't explain
the reason for the link

COMBINATION LINK- is in a way

similar yet different to the previous
ones because it encourages unions of
two different type of groups.
 BILATERAL PATRILINEAL
traces the affiliation of a person from both is identified by tracing the ancestry of an
the female and the male as recognition of the individual by his or her relatives from the
equal worth and value of both sexes in men,sons or fathers of the families in the
identifying the ancestry line. ancestry line.

MATRILINEAL
is identified by tracing the affiliation of an
individual by his or her relatives from the
womne,daughters or mothers of the families
in the ancestry line
KINSHIP BY
MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE- the union of a couple through legal and socially accepted
means(Britannica,2015). KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE is a union of two families
where the family and relatives from both sides are related by affinity.

ARFINAL KIN CONSANGUINEAL KIN

or what is commonly where relationship us a bond through
called in-laws. blood and common ancestry.
 MARRIAGE PATTERNS
marriage of an individual person belonging to the
ENDOGAMY same religion,age,race,social class or standing.

EXOGAMY there is a significant difference between the

mentioned social components. Some marital
requirements are strictly observed like the
importance of social class,race,or religion,age and
wealth.
 MARRIAGE RULES
CROSS - CULTURALLY
MONOGAMY is defined in society as
a union of two partners or being
married to one person at a given time.
 A monogamous union creates
financial stability for the family. In
traditional countries, extra martial
affairs are considered a social
stigma especially for women who
are typecast as a mistress.
Polygamy is divided into two
POLYGYNY
marriage of a man to more than one woman

POLYANDRY
marriage of a woman to more than one man
Post-marital Residency Rules
are also called residential patterns being followed by the
married couple in terms of living areas.

Patrilocality - is a residential pattern where married

couples live with or near the family of the husband.
Matrilocality - pattern where married couple is residing
with or near the family of the wife.
Neolocality - is the residential pattern where the married
couple resides in an area separate from both the family of
the husband and wife.
Kinship by ritual (compadrazgo) -
the compadrazgo relationship
promotes ties through baptism or
marriage.
 Family and the Household
There are variations of family arrangement depending on the number of
members staying in the one residence.

NUCLEAR FAMILY, only the parents and the children stay in their residence.

EXTENDED FAMILY consists of parents children and other related like

grandparents and cousins and the spouse of one of the married children (and it
could reach up to the fourth generation) who stay under one roof. In a way, an
extended family is similar to the reconstituted or blended family, which housed any
of the couple's immediate family members from his or her previous relationship.
A TRANSITIONAL TYPE is a family living in a different country outside
their original country or residence. In some cases, because of
transitional migration, some members of a family are being adopted by
other relatives residing abroad or by a foreign family. Parents who are
divorced or who annulled their marriage go separate ways. One of them
becomes a single parent or both can still provide financially for the
children depending on the arrangement between them.
POLITICS OF KINSHIP
A political dynasty is formed when family
members run for office to keep their
position in power. Alliances are formed
through lineage, marriage, compadrazgo,
friendships and even merger of previously
warring political parties.
 POLITICAL AND
LEADESHIP
STRUCTURES
BANDS, TIBES, CHIEFDOMS, STATES AND NATIONS AND NATION STATES
 THE SIMPLEST TYPES OF POLITICAL
ORGANIZATIONS ARE BANDS AND TRIBES
BANDS are oftentimes regarded as nomadic groups which means
that they are made up of people who move from place to place.
BANDS have a very informal type of leadership. They are usually
connected by family ties and are very much reliant on communal
decision-making. Examples are the Bushmen of Southern Africa,
the Pygmies of the Ituri Rainforest in Africa, the Inuit of northem
Canada, and the indigenous tribes of Australia.
On the other hand, Tribes are defined as a notional form of
human social organization based on a set of smaller
groups, having temporary or permanent political
integration, and defined by traditions of common descent,
language, culture, and ideology (Britannica, 2015). Viewed
historically tribes are known to be the social groups that
existed before the emergence of nations and states. Tribes
are known to be dependent on nature or plants for survival
They are known to be horticulturists (they grow plants,
vegetables, and flowers for consumption) and pastoralists
(they tend flocks of sheep or herds of goals, etc.).
There is also a very informal type of leadership
in tribes and authority is not usually
centralized. Examples are the Andamanese
tribe of India, the tribes of Africa, and the
Igorots and Lumads of the Philippines.
CHIEFDOMS are political organizations that rose out
of the need to control larger populations.
In a CHIEFDOM, there is a notable and centralized
leadership. The society is ranked according to leaders
and followers (also known as nobles and commoners).
 The most formal and
complex form of political
organization is the state.
In a state, there is an identified
governing body to look after the
affairs of thousands of people.
 There is a wide range of institutions within
the state which includes legislative,
executive, and judicial bodies.
There is also a well-established territory and
boundaries from which leadership is recognized.
Types of Authority - traditional,
charismatic, rational. Max Weber,
one of the most important
sociologists of the 20th century, has
proposed three types of authority
which include traditional,
charismatic, and rational.
TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY is
one where there is a dominant
personality that leads people
based on tradition and order.
The leader is dependent upon
rules, norms, and principles
that would govern the day-to-
day affairs of the people.
CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY
points to a type of leadership
where an individual possesses
certain types of characteristics
that draw people in. Such
leader is capable of mobilizing
people because of their
massive trust and genuine
desire to follow.
RATIONAL AUTHORITY (also
called legal-rational authority) is a
type of leadership where there are
clearly defined rules and laws
which must be followed. People
obey the leader not because of his
or her ability but because of the
legitimacy of leadership based on
predefined rules and regulations.