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Type your full legal name: PRASHIL KUNDARIA Date:22/02/2023
2
JOURNAL REVIEW AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PRASHIL KUNDARIA
21111637
4 BBA D
22/02/2023
3
LITERATURE REVIEW:-
4
1 Exploring – What are the - Black box -the first stage
Generation key drivers for structured model Generation Z has high
Z’s Purchase Generation Z to observatio prior knowledge of
Behavior buy luxury ns luxury brands mainly
towards apparel brands? - in-depth through media such as
Luxury – How do these interviews online mails, Twitter,
Apparel: A drivers affect the of online blogs, fashion
Conceptual purchase consumers websites, sitcoms,
Framework decision of - in-depth etc.
luxury apparel RRM - the second stage the
brands? interviews consumers analyze the
– What is the with the choices of apparel
process of store based on the intrinsic
buying luxury managers. and extrinsic stimuli
apparel brands and drivers,
- then in the third
among
stage the consumer
Generation Z
evaluates for the
consumers?
making the decision
– How males
with the help of
and females
mobile applications,
process friends and family who
information has accompanied
pertaining to them and based on
luxury apparel their entire shopping
purchase? experience in the
store.
2 Differences The purpose of The data in -seven- After
among baby the study is to the study point Likert splitting consumers i
boomers, group Lebanese were scale nto four different
Generation X, wine consumers collected - ANOVA generational groups,
Millennials, based on from the -factor namely, baby
and generational main analysis boomers, Generation
Generation Z cohorts. It also supermark X, millennials
wine explores the ets, and Generation Z,
consumers in characteristics of hypermark the study clearly
Lebanon the customers in ets and identified the
each group based special differences
on wine liquor between generations
attributes, outlets, as regarding wine
information well as attributes,
sources, wine upscale information sources,
consumption, restaurants purchasing and
purchase behavio serving consumption and
r and socio- alcohol in socio-demographic
economic the characteristics.
characteristics. Lebanese
capital,
Beirut,
through a
structured
5
questionna
ire.
Responden
ts were
intercepted
by using
convenienc
e
sampling.
Out of 700
people
approache
d, 444
surveys
were
collected.
Convenien
ce
sampling
was also
used .
3 Age The purpose of – A data were The results show that
associated this paper is to quantitativ collected as age increases
changes in examine the e via a large- older consumers’
older changes in methodolo scale retail buying and
consumers consumers’ food gical consumer food-related
retail retail behavior approach questionnai behavior changes. A
behavior regarding the is re (n decline in patronage
demographic employed, = 791). of multiple retailers
variable of age, and data is evident as age
based on the are increases; as is
older population. collected consumers’
This paper using a perceived value of
focuses on food consumer multi-purchase
shoppers aged questionna promotions and
over 60 years ire (n = nutritional
living 791). The confidence.
independently in questionna Alongside increasing
Northern Ireland. ire is age there is an
The retail analyzed apparent increase in
geography in using the the use of local
Northern Ireland Statistical shops, the enjoyment
has changed and Package gained from
whilst affecting for Social shopping, the
all consumers Sciences difficulty
has impacted to a (SPSS) experienced in
greater degree on version accessing food retail
older consumers. 15. sites and the
This and the fact problems
6
that the over 60 experienced when
age group is cooking.
increasing
demographically
illustrate why
this consumer
segment is
worthy of greater
consideration.
4 The RQ1: Are there The - Mean Studies show
Differences differences in the quantitativ deviation. significant
between behavior of e studies -Mean differences in
Generations consumers (from were frequency consumer behavior
in Consumer different conducted chart. of different
Behavior in generations) in by generations
the Service the choice of computer regarding the
Sales service sales assisted selection of channel
Channel channels? personal marketing at the
RQ2: What interviews. stage of seeking
distribution A group of information and
channels are 357 from services purchase.
preferred by Baby The differences
consumers at the Boomers relating particularly
information were to Baby Boomers
search stage and conducted, and Generation X
what at the 390 – from and Y. This has been
service purchase Generation confirmed by the
stage? X and 356 observation of the
RQ3: What – from traditional approach
determines the Generation of older buyers and
use of marketing Y. The the increased use of
channels: offline, number of ICT by younger
phone channel interviews buyers.
and online by for each
representatives province
of the Baby was
Boomers, proportion
Generation X al to the
and Generation number of
Y? inhabitants
of a given
voivodeshi
p.
5 Practical The aim of this The survey The scales A routine approach
Implications study was to was used were to shopping for food
of the show the chosen as mainly was predominant
Millennial consumer the nominal (65.2% of
Generation’s behavior of research and ordinal respondents).
7
Consumer Generation Y in method (Likert Shopping decisions
Behavior in the market for and survey scale, rank are made
the Food innovative food questionna scale). individually (56.8%)
Market products and to ire Cronbach’s and, when involving
propose included alpha test third parties, these
marketing questions are life partners
models created of a closed (27.9%) or parents
based on alternative (12.5%);
research on a and multi-
Polish sample of alternative -. Preferred shopping
Millennials. nature. places are
Cronbach’ hypermarkets and
s alpha test supermarkets (49.3%
was used, indicated these
which took places as frequent
the value shopping
from 0.748 destinations) and
to 0.888 as discount stores
representin (23.7%), while the
g the prevailing criteria for
correct their selection are
reliability the quality of
of the inventory (weighted
scales [34]. average of 3.73 out
The of 4), price level
principal (3.60), product range
axis (3.49), store location
method (3.40), and trust in
was used the seller (3.31);
to evaluate
the -. The main criteria
empirical for selecting a food
material product are freshness
posited. (3.91), quality
(3.75), taste values
(3.73), and price
(3.66);
-. Nearly every third
respondent
determined his or her
knowledge about
innovations in the
food market as either
very good or good;
-. Preferred informal
sources of
information about
food products are
8
own experiences and
family or expert
opinion, including
nutritionists and
specialist food blogs,
whereas marketing
sources include
convenient locations
and product-tasting
stands.
6 FACTORS Q1: What are the On the We used The survey has
INFLUENCING main basis of the shown that
CONSUMER characteristics of literary Pearson's Generation Y is an
BEHAVIOUR OF the Generation Y research chi-squared attractive wine
GENERATION Y behavior on the and x2 test of segment that
ON THE CZECH wine market? consultatio independen represents the future
WINE MARKET n with ce for a of this market and
Q2: What are the specialist contingent therefore more
key factors staff of the table, using attention needs to be
influencing the wine shop IBM SPSS focused on it. The
wine choice of in Zlín, a Statistics study's conclusions
Generation Y? list of software. suggest that
factors Mean Generation Y
Q3: Are there affecting Std consumers in the
any differences the Deviation Czech Republic and
in the key factors decision- other countries have
influencing the making similar but also
wine choice purchase different preferences
between men and in the wine in wine selection,
women of category whether it is color of
Generation Y? was made. wine, varieties or
This other factors that
Q4: Are there knowledge influence their
any differences was used purchasing
in the key factors for the decisions. From the
influencing the compilatio above findings it can
wine choice of n of the be stated that young
the respondents questionna people of Generation
according to ire, which Y are nota
their income? was a tool homogeneous group.
of a pilot It is therefore
study in necessary to
research recognize the
on individuality of this
consumer young segment and
purchasing to focus in more
decision detail on the research
of its consumer
preferences.
9
7 The The Mann- Correlation . The model’s root
Importance of paper provides a Whitney U s; likelihood (RLH)
Sustainability literature review Tests Descriptive indicated a
Aspects When of articles Focus statistics; high internal
Purchasing dealing with groups, regression consistency (RLH =
Online: sustainability interviews, Multiple 0.680), whereas the
Comparing considering SEM linear value can vary
Generation X cross- regression, between 1
and generational ANOVA (implicating
Generation Z analysis, before Logistic a perfect model) and
describing the regression the value for a naïve
qualitative pre- model (1 divided by
study the number of
(conducting a stimuli per
focus group choice task; [122]).
investigation) Regarding the
and the model’s predictive
quantitative main validity [123], the
study. mean absolute
error (MAE) was
very low (MAE =
2.04%) and the first
choice hit-rate
(FCHR) across three
holdout tasks
amounted to 71%
exhibiting a high
validity comparable
to advanced CBC
approaches [124].
8 Determining The purpose of . The Thematic The factors of
how this paper is to questionna analysis greatest importance
packaging and evaluate the ire was that influenced
labeling of influence of comprised purchasing for the
Requeijão packaging and of 17 first and second
cheese affects labeling of mostly group
the purchase Requeijão cheese multiple- were glass packaging
behavior of on the choice and color labels.
consumers of purchasing questions Groups 2 and 3
different age behavior of 1184 preferred a
groups different age BFJ packaging size of
groups of 120,6 250 g, an aluminum
consumers in with a few cap
order to obtain open- protected with a
marketing ended plastic cap,
information that questions information, and
aids in increasing related to affordable prices.
sales of the aim of Group 1
10
Requeijão this study. demonstrated high
cheese. The interest in 220 g
questionna (about 7.76 oz)
ire was packaging, metal lid
divided and brands. Group 3
into three preferred plastic
parts. packaging. All
Section A groups were
(nine attracted by images
questions) on labels related to
asked the product's origin.
demograph
ic
questions
about the
respondent
s to build a
profile of
the focus
group
participant
s. Section
B (four
questions),
identified
the
frequency
of
purchasing
Requeijão
cheese.
Section C
(four
questions)
asked
questions
regarding
the
frequency
of reading
labels on
food
items.
9 How does Objective of the The Mean . For cross-buying-
consumer age present work is sample of Standard desires, we
affect the to shed light on consumers deviation recognize an
desire for new these issues by of the two probability increasing tendency
products and forming a domains with age
brands? A broad consumer stems from confirming
multi-group behavioral model a survey hypothesis 10,
11
causal that serves to supported whereas for the
analysis determine the by a desires to switch
causes computer- brands (either new
(especially aided or
those that are questionna familiar), we
product-category ire that recognize clear
sensitive and was decreases with age
widely discussed pretested confirming
in the literature) to a group hypotheses 11 and
for of the 12.
the desire to targeted In the younger
switch to other people group, the cross-
product and and buying-desire is
brand afterwards depending on risk
alternatives and, conducted taking to a
finally, to at their comparatively great
identify point of extent whereas best
the occasions purchase ager’s cross-buying-
where age is in four desire distinctly
exercising a different depends on their
significant supermark loyal attitude
influence. ets in towards the brand.
Germany. Differences in the
desires for
exploratory
behaviors are rather
caused by age-group
differences in
the determinant
means instead of
age-specific effect
sizes.
10 Buyer Research will be The survey factor Frequency
behavior, conducted to was analysis distribution curves
discrete empirically chosen as SERVQUA for the SERVQUAL
choice, and investigate the the most L (Dabholkar et al.,
the affect of relationship appropriate Skew 1996) responses are
generational between a methodolo kurtosis normal and
cohort-groups critical store gy for the consistent with prior
choice factor and study. efforts (von
a This Freymann, 2002c).
generational was due to They show a range
cohort-group. the of variability
Results will proposed depending on the
confirm the sample questions asked.
significance of size, the Calculations for
generational scope of skew and kurtosis
cohort-groups in the study, are within acceptable
purchase and levels. s. Measures
behavior. In so interconne of service quality are
12
doing, the study ction of shown to be the
will support the the most
contentions various critical factor in
of sociologists segments ongoing grocery
and in the store choice intent
demographers proposed (Sirohi et al, 1998)
who have done framework
considerable .
work in the area. The survey
was
chosen as
the most
appropriate
methodolo
gy for the
study.
This
was due to
the
proposed
sample
size, the
scope of
the study,
and
interconne
ction of
the
various
segments
in the
proposed
framework
.
11 GENERATIO The purpose of A sample -Mean Generation Z is
N Z BUYING this research is to of 442 -Standard identified as an e-
BEHAVIOR analyze the Generation deviation generation, born and
CHANGE IN changes in Z brought up in a
THE COVID- Croatian respondent digital environment.
19 Generation Z s from Although the
PANDEMIC buying behavior Croatia pandemic has forced
CONTEXT due to the was them to switch even
COVID-19 analyzed more to online
pandemic. using shopping, they do
ANOVA not perceive the
to identify exposure to the
buying COVID-19
behavior pandemic to impact
changes their quality of life.
concerning
13
the level of
their
exposure
to COVID-
19. The
analysis
also
included a
potential
correlation
between
buyer
behavior
change and
their
perception
of the
quality of
life.
12 Generation Y The advent of A sample -Frequency The results indicate
consumers’ media and of 250 table that brand and self-
buying technology has respondent identity are the
behavior in led to growing s is used to factors that most
fashion inclination assess the shape Gen-Y
apparel among measureme consumers’ attitudes
industry: a Generation Y nt and towards fashion
moderation (Gen-Y) structural apparel.
analysis consumers models, by Furthermore, brand,
towards diverse applying a style, price, and
fashion partial social identity are
influences and least the most influential
they tend to dress squares- factors of Gen-Y
either to fit in structural consumers’ purchase
with their peers equation intention for fashion
or to articulate modelling apparels. The
self-identity and (PLS- findings also show
conform to SEM) that style, price,
society. This approach. country of origin,
trend has become and social identity
a fashion are not relevant to
dilemma and the Gen-Y consumers’
purpose of this attitudes towards
paper is to fashion apparel, and
leverage on this that country of origin
matter by and self-identity do
investigating the not have any
factors relationship with the
influencing the Gen-Y consumers’
Gen-Y purchase intention.
consumers’
14
attitude and
purchase
intention towards
fashion apparel.
13 Generation Y The primary aim A -cohort In relation of wine Further
as young wine of this research is quantitativ analysis consumption, there reading
consumers in to identify the e survey -cross- is no difference in Fountain,
New Zealand: wine was tabulation the proportion of J. and
how do they consumption conducted analysis Gen X and Gen Y in Fish, N.
differ from behavior of with a New Zealand (2010),
Generation Generation Y in random consuming wine as “‘It’s a
X? New Zealand to sample of young adults, which happy
explore whether residents is remarkably similar drink’:
differences exist of to the proportion of Australas
in the wine Christchur wine drinkers in the ian Gen
behaviour of Gen ch, New population as a Y’s
Y in comparison Zealand in whole. In terms of perceptio
to Generation X 1998 and the evidence ns and
and to seek again in reported elsewhere
possible 2008. that Generation Y consumpt
explanations for Three are consuming more ion of
these differences, forms of wine, and at a sparkling
in terms of analysis younger age, than wine”,
cohort, age and were their Gen X paper
period. undertaken counterparts, this presented
: time lag research supports at the 5th
(comparin this contention; New Internatio
g Gen Y, Zealand Gen Y are nal
aged 18-29 drinking winemore Associati
in 2008 frequently, and in on of
with Gen more everyday
X, aged contexts than their Wine
20-29 in older counterparts Business
1998), were at a similar age, Research
cross- although they are Conferen
sectional less likely to ce,
(comparin consume wine on Auckland
g Gen Y in special occasions. , 8-10
2008 with February.
Gen X,
aged 30-39 Kramer,
in 2008) M.
and (1997),
longitudina “Gen X
l nixes
(comparin wine?
g Gen X in Aw quit
1998 and worrying
2008). ”, Wine
Spectator,
15
Vol. 20,
p. 26.
14 Gen Y This study aims A -convergent Using partial least Further
consumers’ to investigate quantitativ validity squares structural reading
intention to factors that e method analysis equation modeling
purchase halal influenced was - average (PLS-SEM), the Bonne,
food in Malaysia’s Gen adopted in variance results showed that K. and
Malaysia: a Y consumers’ this study extracted subjective norms and Verbeke,
PLS-SEM behavioral and (AVE) perceived behavioral W.
approach intention to responses - composite control influenced (2006),
purchase halal were reliability behavioral intention “Muslim
food in Malaysia obtained (CR) among Gen Y consumer
from 110 - consumers to s attitude
Gen Y multicollin purchase halal food, towards
consumers earity while attitude did not meat
in play a significant consumpt
Malaysia. role in the purchase ion in
of halal food Belgium:
products among Gen insights
Y consumers. from a
means-
end chain
approach
”,
Anthropo
logy of
Food,
Vol. 5,
pp. 367-
389.
Ishak,
M.S.,
Muhamm
ad, A.,
Mohd
Nizho
Abdul, R.
and
Rofie,
M.K.
(2013),
“Predicti
ng
intentions
to visit
kopitiam
as halal
food
outlet: an
16
extension
of the
theory of
planned
behavior”
,
Proceedin
g, 4th
Internatio
nal
Conferen
ce on
Business
and
Economi
c
Research
(4th
ICBER
2013), 4-
5 March
2013,
Universit
y of
Technolo
gy
MARA,
Bandung
Indonesia
, pp. 213-
216.
15 Consumer-to- Numerous This study - Participants with
consumer studies have conducted Hypothesis more FTF interaction
interactive examined a4Â2 Testing were more likely to
behaviors and individual quasi- generate novelty
brand attitudes and experiment ideas than
knowledge behaviors in both al design practicality ideas. In
face-to-face to examine addition, participants
(FTF) the effects with high brand
communication of four knowledge produced
and computer- types of more novel and
mediated interactive practical ideas
communication groups compared with
(CMC). (low and participants with low
However, little high level brand knowledge.
research has of FTF Â However, the
focused on low and empirical findings
differences high level did not support the
between FTF of CMC) moderating role of
communication and brand brand knowledge in
17
and CMC with knowledge the relationship
respect to idea (low and between interactive
generation for high) on behaviors and idea
new product novel and generations.
development or practical
on the role of idea
their individual generation.
characteristics. Data
Thus, the from168
purpose of this members
study is to of the
examine the Mondeo
influences of Motor
FTF, CMC and Club in
brand knowledge Taiwan
on idea were
generation. assessed.
16 The impact of The main aim is The author -one-way -The preference of
age on the to explore the focuses on ANOVA branded goods is
customers impact of the age the -chi-square independent on the
buying of the consumer - Likert age.
behavior and customer attitude buying scale. - The preference of
attitude to to price, branded behavior non-branded goods
price and non-branded based on is independent on the
goods, and the age
customer predestinat
loyalty. ed
characteris
tics
The
primary
author's
method for
obtaining
data was a
questionna
ire
17 EXTENDING Marketers are We use a AVE, CR, Studies in the
OUR interested to cross- CA, item literature, which
UNDERSTA define and sectional mean, explain the eWOM
NDING OF classify the age survey to standard behaviors of
CONSUMER structure of determine deviation consumers, reveal
S’ EWOM consumers the eWOM and factor that behaviors of
BEHAVIOR: globally and use behavior loading eWOM vary
GENDER three main and of values according to the
AND successive consumers various features of
GENERATIO generations for from Gen consumers. There is
N this aim. “Baby X and Y no doubt that
DIFFERENC Boomers” are the and examining the
18
ES first of these whether eWOM behaviors of
generations there are consumers in terms
whose dates of significant of demographic
birth are between differences features like gender
1946 and 1964. in term of and generation will
their bring a detailed point
gender. of view to the topic.
Items used
in this
study to
measure
research
variables
have been
compiled
from
different
studies.
Using
experience
of eWOM,
perceived
eWOM
credibility,
consumer
susceptibili
ty to
interperson
al
influence
(CSII), and
eWOM
effect were
measured
with items
adapted
from Park
et al.
(2011, p.
75-76).
18 A This study Data value Finally, the context Limitatio
comparative investigates Gen- collection perceived of this study was the ns and
study of X, Gen-Y, and and by three r rant industry in future
generations X, Gen-Z in their analysis generationa Indonesia and during research
Y, Z in food change in food l cohorts. COVID-19. To
purchasing purchasing Online establish robustness Several
behavior: the behavior during survey was of the findings of limitation
relationships the pandemic. used to this research, future s are
among Further, the obtain data research might acknowle
customer study examines from explore the dged in
19
value, the relationships consumers framework of the this
satisfaction, among customer who present study to be study.
and Ewom value, customer purchased extended to different The
satisfaction, and food from industry (i.e. hotel limitation
eWOM across restaurant industry, tourism s suggest
three using industry, etc.), in that
generations. online cross-cultural caution is
application background (e.g., needed in
during other eastern interpreti
COVID-19 countries, western ng
Psychomet countries, other findings
ric ethnicity from this
properties background, etc.), study, but
and in a “normal” they also
The situation. indicate
structured future
questions research
used in this directions
study were . First,
formulated this study
both from adopts a
existing descriptiv
measureme e research
nts and design
informatio using
n from the online
literature survey to
review. determine
Metrics the
scale using degree to
1–7 Likert which the
scale was variables
employed under
for investigat
questions ion are
related to associate
the main d. It
variables would be
of beneficial
customer also to
value, conduct
customer qualitativ
satisfaction e research
, and and
eWOM offline
survey.
Qualitativ
e research
would
deepen
20
the
understan
ding of
customer
perceived
value
across
generatio
nal
cohorts.
19 Financial This research has An -Chi-square This research has This
Behaviors of focused on the explorator Test focused on the research
Generation X comparison of y study Analysis generational could be
and various financial was difference between further
Generation Y behaviors undertaken Gen X and Gen Y in extended
between through a realms of Financial to the use
Generation X structured Literacy, Propensity of
and Generation questionna to Planning, Risk objective
Y, which ire Tolerance, measures
influences their incorporati Investment behavior of data
Financial Well- ng and FWB. This like the
being (FWB). appropriate research has been a actual
scale for unique attempt to amount
various map the difference of
constructs. between Gen X and savings,
Non- Gen Y on various net asset
probability financial behaviors accumula
convenient and attitudes ted by an
sampling affecting FWB. individua
method l,
was used portfolio
to select a of
sample investme
from nts of an
different individua
localities l and its
of the effect on
Bengaluru FWB.
city to Further,
reduce there
bias could be
a
comparis
on
between
Gen X in
a
retrospect
ive in
terms of
21
ten to
fifteen
years,
where
they
would in
the age
group of
the
present
Gen Y
for
comparis
on.
20 Consumer This paper Convenien - - there is a
behavior: the presents the ce Descriptive statistically
influence of results of a sampling statistics significant difference
age and research -Standard between the age of
family conducted with deviation tourists and activity
structure on the aim of - preferences in the
the choice of identifying multivariat tourist destination.
activities in a activities e analysis - there is a
tourist (visiting cultural of variance statistically
destination and historical (MANOV significant difference
attractions, sport A) between the family
and recreation, -BOX test structure of tourists
health, fun, and activity
gastronomy, preferences in the
shopping, tourist destination.
cultural
entertainment
events) that
consumers/touris
ts prefer in a
tourist
destination
depending on
their age and
family structure.
22