]jpömdngb Mcdnvbrnbob lj Xjojzujdb

Anonstjrnc ljd Pcljr Pcpudbr pbrb db Jlugbgn÷o

Zonvjrsnlbl Obgncobd Jxpjrnajotbd Wur ljd Dbec —Fjsös Abráb

Wjaprua‑

Wbotb Mârmbrb, Jlc. Vudnb

Boâdnsns Jstrugturbd ‗ \rbmbfc

lj Novjsebgn÷o

Prchjscr6 Bduaoc6  

Noe
. Hjrobolc Ecozâdjz Girnstnbo Lnbz

G.N6 =8=:959:
 

Notrcluggn÷o

Jd sneunjotj trbmbfc jstâ joabrgblc ljotrc ljd ârjb tjaâtngb rjhjrjotj b db

Notrcluggn÷o bd Boâdnsns Jstrugturbd. Ljotrc ljd ansac, jstbrî trbtbolc gcogjptcs y
puotcs mâsngcs pjrc prnacrlnbdjs pbrb uo \.W.Z jo Gcostruggn÷o Gnvnd, dcs gubdjs
byulbrbo b uob ajfcr gcaprjosn÷o lj dbs jstrugturbs y sus lnstnotcs jdjajotcs y
gcapcrtbanjotcs, bsá gcac tbamnîo dcs hbgtcrjs jxtjrocs j notjrocs quj pujlbo
bhjgtbr uob gcostruggn÷o ljtjranoblb.

Jo jstb novjstnebgn÷o sj jxpcolrâ bgjrgb lj dcs lnhjrjotjs ajgbonsacs c

snstjabs jstrugturbdjs, su gdbsnhngbgn÷o
gdbsnhngbgn÷o y gbrbgtjrástngbs bljaâs lj dbs vjotbfbs
y ljsvjotbfbs quj chrjgjo gblb uoc lj jstcs snstjabs. \bamnîo sj trbtbrâ bgjrgb
lj dcs erblcs lj dnmjrtbl  jo uob jstrugturb y gcac gbdgudbrdcs. Ctrc lj dcs
puotcs quj sj lbrâ b gcocgjr jo jstj trbmbfc js gco rjspjgtc b db rjbdnzbgn÷o lj
lnberb
lnberbabs
abs lj gcrrna
gcrrnanjo
njotc
tc  c lj ljs ljspdbz
pdbzba
banj
njot
otcc pbrb
pbrb jd boâd
boâdns
nsns
ns lj uob
uob

jstrugturb. Pcr ödtnac, sj ibmdbrâ lj guâdjs sco dcs tnpcs lj gbrebs quj pujljo
jstbr
jstbr pr
prjsj
jsjot
otjs
js jo uob
uob jstrug
jstrugtu
turb
rb y dbs lnhjr
lnhjrjotjs ljhcrabgncojs  quj jstbs
jotjs jstbs
pujljo prcvcgbr.

 B gcotnoubgn÷o,
gcotnoubgn÷o, pbsbrjacs bd ljsbrrcddc
ljsbrrcddc lj gblb uoc lj jstcs puotcs, dcs
gubdjs ibo snlc tcablcs lj lnstnotbs hujotjs y butcrjs jogcotrblcs jo db wjm.
 

Wnstjabs jstrugturbdjs (ajgbonsacs)

Lj jstb hcrab sj gcocgj b dbs jstrugturbs gcapujstbs lj vbrncs anjamrcs,
quj scpcrtbo dbs jlnhngbgncojs y tnjojo bljaâs db huogn÷o lj scpcrtbr dbs gbrebs
quj bgtöbo scmrj jddbs trbosantnîolcdbs bd sujdc.  

Zo snstja
snstjabb js
jstru
trugtu
gturb
rbdd ljrnv
ljrnvb
b su gbrâgt
gbrâgtjr
jr öongc
öongc lj gnjrt
gnjrtc
c oöajr
oöajrc
c lj
gcosnljrbgncojs; gcosnljrblbs pcr sjpbrblcs, sco dbs sneunjotjs6

-  Huog
Huognco
ncojs
js jstru
jstrugt
gturb
urbdjs
djs jspj
jspjgnh
gnhngb
ngbs
s rjsns
rjsnstj
tjogn
ognb
b b db gcapr
gcaprjsn
jsn÷o
÷o,,
rjsnstjognb
rjsnstjo gnb b db tjosn÷o; pbrb gumrnr gdbrcs icrnzcotbdjs,
icrnzcotbdjs, vjrtngbdajotj; jo vcdblnzc
u icrnzcotbd.

- Db hcrab ejcaîtrngb u crnjotbgn÷o

- Jd c dcs abtjrnbdjs lj dcs jdjajotcs

- Db hcrab y uon÷o lj dcs jdjajotcs

- Db hcrab lj bpcyc lj db jstrugturb

- Dbs gcolngncojs jspjgáhngbs lj gbreb

- Dbs gcosnljrbgncojs lj uscs napujstbs

- Dbs prcpnjlbljs lj dcs abtjrnbdjs, prcgjscs lj prcluggn÷o y db ojgjsnlbl

lj huogncojs jspjgnbdjs gcac ljsbrabr c acvjr 

Gdbsnhngbgn÷o lj dbs jstrugturbs6

• Bqujddbs
dbs jo qu
quj dbs
dbs gbre
gbrebbs ljd
ljd jln
jlnhng
hngnc sco
sco scst
scstj
jonlb
nlbs pcr
pcr aur
aurcs
scpcrtbotjs, ddbablcs, aurcs lj gbreb.

• Dbs quj
quj gco
gcohcr
crab
aboo uob
uob bra
brabz÷
bz÷o c jsq
jsqujdjtc
djtc quj
quj scs
scsttnjo
njoj jd rj
rjstc
stc
lj db jlnhngb
jlnhngbgn÷o
gn÷o,, ddbablb
ddbablbss bsnansac
bsnansac brabz÷o,
brabz÷o, lcolj
lcolj dcs aurcs scdc
scdc tjolrâo
tjolrâo
huogn÷o lj gnjrrj c lnvnscrnb, pjrc oc scpcrtbotjs. Ejojrbdajotj dbs gcapcojo
dcsbs, vnebs y gcduaobs.

• Jstru
trugtur
turbs anx
anxttbs,
bs, quj
quj sco
sco bquj
bqujdddbs
dbs quj
quj sj gc
gcapcojo
ojo lj aur
aurc
cs
scpcrtbotjs, brabz÷o lj vnebs y gcduaobs notjrncrjs.
 

Gbrbgtjrástngbs6

- Aurcs lj gbreb6
gbreb6 Wcpcrtbo dbs gbrebs prcvcgblbs pcr jd pjsc lj db
gumnjrtb.

Dc pr
prnog
nognpb
npbdd jo js
jstj
tj jdjaj
jdjajot
otc,
c, js dcerb
dcerbrr quj
quj sj b dc suhng
suhngnj
njotj
otjajo
ajotj
tj
rjsnstjotj pbrb scpcrtbr dbs gbrebs quj dj sco trbosantnlbs pcr dcs jdjajotcs quj
scpcrtbo, gcac gumnjrtbs, jotrjpnscs, ctrcs aurcs supjrncrjs, jtg. Pbrb dcerbr db
rjsnstjognb ojgjsbrnb sj ljmj tjojr jo gujotb, jd jspjscr ljd aurc, db gbdnlbl lj
dcs abtjrnbdjs gco quj sj gcostruyj, db bdturb y jd tnpc lj gbreb quj scpcrtbrâ. Dcs
aurcs lj gbreb rjgnmjo y trbosantjo dbs gbrebs lj hcrab dnojbd.

Lj bgujrlc bd abtjrnbd gco quj sco gcostrunlcs, pujljo sjr lj icrane÷o

brablc, pnjlrbs obturbdjs, dblrnddcs lj mbrrc y mdcqujs lj acrtjrc. Jstcs ödtnacs
sco dcs aâs usblcs, ljmnlc bd bdtc gcstc lj dcs lj icrane÷o, y dbs pnjlrbs jstâo
jo ljsusc.

Gubolc dcs aurcs lj gbreb sj gcostruyjo lj dblrnddcs, tnjojo jspjscrjs ljd

dbrec lj uo dblrnddc, c sjb, uocs 0,=: a, buoquj pbrb gbrebs dnejrbs sj japdjb db
hcrab lj gntbrb, tjonjolc jotcogjs jd bogic quj js lj 0,2= a.

Gubolc js lj mdcqujs, jd jspjscr sjrâ lj 0,=0 a quj js jd bogic jstâolbr 

lj uo mdcquj. \botc jo uo gbsc gcac jo jd ctrc, dcs jdjajotcs sj uojo jotrj sá
gco uob ajzgdb bedutnobotj lj gjajotc, brjob y rjgjmc, c lj gjajotc, gbd y
brjob, c lj gjajotc y brjob.

Jshujrzcs b quj sj scajtjo dcs aurcs

lj gbreb
 

Gdbsnhngbgn÷o lj dcs snstjabs jstrugturbdjs6

 Btjolnjolc
 Btjolnjolc bd abtjrnbd
abtjrnbd lj gcostruggn÷o,
gcostruggn÷o, pujljo
pujljo sjr6
sjr6

• Jstrugturbs lj bgjrc

• Jstrugturbs lj icrane÷o brablc

• Jstrugturbs lj abljrb

- Jstrugturbs lj bgjrc6

Wco dbs quj dcs jdjajotcs scpcrtbotjs, tbotc vjrtngbdjs (gcduaobs), gcac
icrnzcotbdjs
icrnzcotbdjs (vnebs), sco lj pjrhndjs lj bgjrc dbanoblc, gcac boeudbrjs, gbobdjs,
vnebs N, jtg.
 Wco jdjajotcs prjhbmrngblcs quj sj prjpbrbo jo uo tbddjr y sj ddjvbo b db
cmrb dnstbs pbrb sjr gcdcgblbs. Jo gcapbrbgn÷o gco ctrcs snstjabs jstrugturbdjs,
jstj js aâs jgco÷angc ljmnlc bd bicrrc ljd tnjapc lj jfjgugn÷o. Db uon÷o lj dcs
jdjajotcs jotrj sá, sj ibgj rjabgiblb, scdlblb, c gco pjrocs y/c pbsblcrjs.

• Xjotbfbs

Dbs jstr
Dbs jstrug
ugtu
turb
rbs
s pujl
pujljojo ibgj
ibgjrs
rsj
j lj sjggn
jggn÷o
÷o ajoc
ajocrr quj
quj gco ctrc
ctrcs
s
abtjrnbdjs, pujs jd abtjrnbd js icaceîojc y auy rjsnstjotj.

• Ljsvjotbfbs

Ljmjo prctjejrsj lj db gcrrcsn÷o gco pnoturbs jspjgnbdjs c rjgumrnanjotc

lj icrane÷o.

Wco pjdnercsbs jo gbsc lj nogjolnc, pujs tnjoljo b ljhcrabrsj pcr jd gbdcr.

- Jstrugturb
Jstrugturbs
s lj icrane÷o brablc

Dcs anjamrcs
anjamrcs ljd icrane÷
icrane÷o
o brablc
brablc jstâo
jstâo gcostnt
gcostntunlc
unlcs
s pcr icrane÷o
icrane÷o y
mbrrbs lj bgjrc (gbmnddbs) quj sco jd rjhujrzc. Wu huogn÷o prnognpbd js rjsnstnr 
 

jshujrzcs lj gcaprjsn÷o, y db ljd rjhujrzc, scpcrtbr hujrzbs lj trbggn÷o, pjrc

bamcs abtjrnbdjs trbmbfbo gcac uob uonlbl.

• Xjotbfbs

- Wu pdbstngnlbl, quj pjrantj su blbptbgn÷o b nohnonlbl lj hcrabs ajlnbotj

jd japdjc pbrb db huolngn÷o, lj acdljs y jogchrblcs.

- ]jsnstjognb bd hujec (gcanjozb b ljstrunrsj b pbrtnr lj dcs 800° G.

- Lurbmndnlbl6 su gbdnlbl ajfcrb gco jd tnjapc.

- Gcstc lj abotjonanjotc aáonac.

- Js uo abtjrnbd mbstbotj napjrajbmdj.

• Ljsvjotbfbs

- Abtjrnbd auy pjsblc (=<00 ke/a·)

- Gcotrcd lj db gbdnlbl gcapdjfc.

- \njapc pbrb cmtjojr su rjsnstjognb ötnd (uocs =9 lábs).

- \îgongb
\îgongb gcapdjfb
gcapdjfb (jsajrbl
(jsajrblb
b jfjgugn÷
jfjgugn÷o,
o, jogchrb
jogchrblc,
lc, huolngn
huolngn÷o,
÷o, gurblc
gurblc y
ljsjogchrblc).

- Jstrugturb lj abljrb

Jo jstb, dcs jdjajotcs jstrugturbdjs sj hbmrngbo lj abljrb. ]jqunjrj erbo

ibmndnlb
ibmndnlbl
l pbrb
pbrb dcerbr
dcerbr sus uoncojs
uoncojs,, josbamd
josbamdjs
js y gcojxnc
gcojxncojs,
ojs, sjeöo jd tnpc lj
abljrb usblc, bsá gcac uob erbo prjgnsn÷o pbrb jd acotbfj.

Jd acotbfj lj jstbs jstrugturbs js mbstbotj râpnlc, pujs oc sj ojgjsntbo

er
erbol
boljs
js jqunp
jqunpcs
cs lj nzbfj
nzbfj pcr
pcr dc dnvnbo
dnvnboc
c ljd
ljd gcofuo
gcofuotc
tc.. Wj japdj
japdjbo
bo jo obvjs
obvjs
nolustrnbdjs y jo ctrbs gcostruggncojs quj tjoebo uo ljstnoc prcvnsncobd.

• Xjotbfbs

- Dnejrjzb
 

- Jgcocaáb

- Hbgndnlbl lj jdbmcrbgn÷o

• Ljsvjotbfbs

- Gcamustnmndnlbl

- Abotjonanjotc

Erblcs lj dnmjrtbl
Jd oöajrc lj erblcs lj dnmjrtbl jo noejonjráb sj rjhnjrj bd oöajrc aáonac
lj pbrâajt
pbrâajtrcs
rcs quj ojgjsnt
ojgjsntbacs
bacs jspjgnh
jspjgnhngbr
ngbr pbrb
pbrb ljtjrano
ljtjranobrbr gcapdjt
gcapdjtbaj
bajotj
otj db
vjdcgnlbl lj uo ajgbonsac c
ajgbonsac  c jd oöajrc lj rjbggncojs lj uob jstrugturb.

Erblcs lj dnmjrtbl jo jstrugturbs

Pcljacs jxtjoljr db ljhnongn÷o lj erblcs lj dnmjrtbl b snstjabs ajgâongcs

quj oc tnjojo gbpbgnlbl lj acvjrsj, ddbablcs jstrugt jstrugturbs
urbs hnfbs. Jo jd gbsc
pbrtngudbr lj jstrugturbs lj mbrrbs jo l  lnajosncojs,
 lnajosncojs, sn o js jd oöajrc lj mbrrbs
y jxnstjo
jxnstjo a rjstrngg
rjstrnggncoj
ncojs
s (uoncoj
(uoncojs
s jotrj
jotrj mbrrbs
mbrrbs c bpcycs)
bpcycs) quj jdnanobo
jdnanobo gblb
gblb
uob r nn  erblcs
   erblcs lj dnmjrtbl lj acvnanjotc; ljhnonacs jd oöajrc lj erblcs lj dnmjrtbl
bpbrjotjs gcac6

ED6 Erblcs lj dnmjrtbl ljd ajgbonsac.

o6 Oöajrc lj jdjajotcs lj mbrrbs lj db jstrugturb.

r nn  6 Oöajrc lj erblcs lj dnmjrtbl jdnanoblcs pcr db rjstrnggn÷o

Jo huogn÷o lj db botjrncr suab bdejmrbngb pcljacs ibgjr uob gdbsnhngbgn÷o

lj dcs snstjabs ajgâongcs hcrablcs b mbsj lj mbrrbs6
 

 Jstrugturbs inpjrjstâtngbs, gubolc ED 4 0.

 Jstrugturbs nscstâtngbs, gubolc ED 1 0.

 Ajgbonsacs, gubolc ED ? 0.
 

Lnberbabs lj gcrrnanjotc jo jstrugturbs

\clcs dcs puotcs sntublcs scmrj uob vjrtngbd tnjojo db ansab bmsgnsb  xB, jo
gcosjgujognb, tjolrâo tclcs jd ansac gcrrnanjotc vjrtngbd. Dc ansac cgurrj jo dcs
puotcs scmrj uob icrnzcotbd.
icrnzcotbd. Pbrb quj ^ sj boudj ljmj sjr   Y01YB, jstc cgurrj
pbrb dcs puotcs umngblcs pbrb db vjrtngbd ljd pcdc, cgurrnjolc dc ansac pbrb dcs

gcrrnanj
gcrrnanjotcs
otcs
icrnzcotbd icrnzcotbd
icrnzcotbdjs,
trbzblcs pcrjs, quj sj
jd pcdc. Jo boudbrâ
boudbrâoo pbrb dcs
gcosjgujognb, puotcs
puotcs umngbl
umngblcs
dcs lnberbabs cs scmrj
scmrj db
rjprjsjotbtnvcs
lj dcs
dcs gc
gcrr
rrna
nanj
njot
otcs
cs vjrt
vjrtng
ngbd
bdjs
js y icrn
icrnzc
zcot
otbd
bdjs
js tjol
tjolrâ
râo
o crlj
crljob
oblb
lbs
s oudb
oudbs
s jo
gcrrjspcoljognb gco db vjrtngbd ljd pcdc jd prnajrc y db icrnzcotbd jd sjeuolc.

 B gcotnoubgn÷o,
gcotnoubgn÷o, sj
sj pdbotjbrâ
pdbotjbrâ uo jfjapdc
jfjapdc ljd
ljd gâdgudc lj jstcs lnberbabs6
lnberbabs6

Lblbs dbs jstrugturbs quj sj aujstrbo y sbmnjolc quj tnjojo uo ELD1 2,

sj pdbotjb6

2. Ljacstrbr quj jd snstjab tnjoj ELD12.

=. Ibddbr dcs pcdcs bmscdutcs y rjdbtnvcs lj tclbs dbs gibpbs.

7. Lnberbabs lj gcrrnanjotcs.

<. Ljspdbzbanjotc lj dcs puotcs.

:. ]ctbgncojs lj dbs gibpbs.

8. Lnmufbr db ljhcrablb gcac puotc ráenlc.

2. Ljacstrbr quj jd snstjab tnjoj ELD12.

 

ELD 1 7x<-:-=(<-2) 1 2=-:-81 2

=. Ibddbr dcs pcdcs bmscdutcs y rjdbtnvcs lj tclbs dbs gibpbs.

7. Lnberbabs lj gcrrnanjotcs.
 

<. Ljspdbzbanjotc lj dcs puotcs.

:. ]ctbgncojs lj dbs gibpbs.

 

8. Lnmufbr db ljhcrablb gcac puotc ráenlc.

 

Gbrebs y ljhcrabgncojs lj jstrugturbs

\clc jdjajotc jstrugturbd scajtnlc b db bggn÷o lj gbrebs sj ljhcrab. Jo db
abycráb lj dcs gbscs dbs ljhcrabgncojs
ljhcrabgncojs sco napjrgjptnmdjs,
napjrgjptnmdjs, y ljmjo sjr ajlnlbs
gco jd buxndnc lj nostruajotcs.
Pcljacs ljhnonr db ljhcrabgn÷o lj uo jdjajotc jstrugturbd gcac

uob bdtjrbgn÷o ljd jstblc hásngc ljmnlc b uob hujrzb ajgâongb jxtjrob, b uob
vbrnbgn÷o lj tjapjrbturb, b uo gjlnanjotc lj bpcycs, jtg.

Db ljhcrabgn÷o pujlj sjr jdâstngb, gubolc ljsbpbrjgj bd gjsbr db bggn÷o

quj dc prclugj, pcr dc quj dbs pbrtágudbs jdjajotbdjs ljd gujrpc vujdvjo b su
pcsngn÷o nongnbd; y pjrabojotj, gubolc pjrsnstj ljspuîs lj ljsbpbrjgjr db gbusb
quj dc ib prclugnlc. Jd jdjajotc jo jd prnajr gbsc tnjoj uo gcapcrtbanjotc
jdâstngc y jo jd sjeuolc uo gcapcrtbanjotc pdâstngc c nojdâstngc.

Jo db Obturbdj
Obturbdjzb
zb oc jxnstjo
jxnstjo ljhcrab
ljhcrabgnco
gncojs
js jxgdusnv
jxgdusnvbajo
bajotj
tj jdâstngb
jdâstngbs
s c
jxgdusnvbajotj pjrabojotjs, pujs gubdqunjr gujrpc jstrugturbd, ljspuîs lj sjr 
ljhcrablc, bd gjsbr db bggn÷o, oc vujdvj ouogb b dbs gcolngncojs nongnbdjs; bsá,
bpdngbolc uo jshujrzc pjqujòc b uo gujrpc auy pcgc jdâstngc, db ljhcrabgn÷o
tnjolj b boudbrsj bd ajocs jo pbrtj.

Jo db prâgtngb lnrjacs quj jd gujrpc sj gcapcrtb jdâstngbajotj gubolc db

ljhcrabgn÷o pjrabojotj quj suhrj js gbsn napjrgjptnmdj.

Pbrb jxtjoljrocs scmrj dbs ljhcrabgncojs lj dcs jdjajotcs jstrugturbdjs,

vbacs b gdbsnhngbr dcs ansacs y dbs gbrebs quj crnenobo dbs ljhcrabgncojs.

Jdjajotcs jstrugturbdjs
Ljh
jhnnonac
nacs gcac jdjajo
jajottc jstr
strugt
ugturbd
rbd b uoc gu
gub
bdqunj
qunjrrb lj sus
gcapcojotjs, vneb, dcsb, gcduaob, jtg. Pujs sn mnjo db jstrugturb ljmj huogncobr, y
dc ibgj
ibgj,, gc
gcac
ac uo gc gcof
ofuo
uotc
tc,, pbrb
pbrb uo gc
gcrr
rrjg
jgtc
tc boâd
boâdns
nsns
ns ljmj
ljmjac
acss gcoc
gcocgj
gjrr jd
gcapcrtbanjotc lj gblb uoc lj dcs jdjajotcs.

Pcljacs gdbsnhngbr dcs jdjajotcs jstrugturbdjs sjeöo su hcrab6

- jdjajotcs gco uob lnajosn÷o lcanobotj; pcr jfjapdc6 vnebs, gcduaobs,

pndbrjs, pndctjs.

- jdjajotcs gco lcs lnajosncojs lcanobotjs;

lcanobotjs; pcr jfjapdc6 dcsbs, tbmnqujs
botnsásangcs, dâanobs, m÷vjlbs, jtg.

- jdjajotcs gco dbs trjs lnajosncojs sjajfbotjs; pcr jfjapdc6 mdcqujs lj

gnajotbgn÷o, gbmjzbdjs lj pndctjs.
 

Dcs jdjajotcs tbamnîo pujljo sjr gdbsnhngblcs sjeöo jd abtjrnbd quj dc

gcost
gcostntu
ntuyj,
yj, btjoln
btjolnjo
jolc
lc b quj
quj db gbdnl
gbdnlbl
bl ljd
ljd abtjrn
abtjrnbd
bd usbl
usblc
c js ljgns
ljgnsnvc
nvc jo db
napcrtbognb lj dbs ljhcrabgncojs6
- Bgjrc

- Icrane÷o brablc

- Icrane÷o prjtjosblc
- Icrane÷o snapdj c jo absb
- Abljrb

- Abapcstjráb lj dblrnddc c pnjlrb

Gbrebs
Dbs gbrebs quj bgtöbo scmrj dcs jdjajotcs jstrugturbdjs pujljo sjr6

- Gbrebs gcogjotrblbs6 sco gbrebs jo dbs quj jd tctbd lj db hujrzb jstâ

bpdngblb jo uo ârjb auy pjqujòb, quj nljbdajotj sj pujlj bsnandbr b uo puotc.

- Gbrebs rjpbrtnlbs uonhcrajajotj6 sj trbtb lj gbrebs quj bgtöbo b dc dbrec

ljd jdjajotc gco uo vbdcr uonhcraj; gubolc db gbreb rjpbrtnlb, dc js scmrj uo
jdjajotc lj lcs lnajosncojs
lnajosncojs lcanobotjs, tjojacs uob gbreb rjpbrtnlb uonhcraj
jxtjolnlb uob supjrhngnj.

- Gbrebs rjpbrtnlbs vbrnbmdjs6 sj trbtb lj gbrebs rjpbrtnlbs quj bgtöbo

scmrj db mbrrb, pjrc gco vbdcrjs vbrnbmdjs b dc dbrec lj db ansab. Jd ansac
gcogjptc sj jxtnjolj b dbs gbrebs jxtjolnlbs b dcs jdjajotcs jstrugturbdjs lj lcs
lnajosncojs lcanobotjs.

Jd crnejo lj uob gbreb pujlj sjr6

- Pjsc prcpnc6 js db gbreb crnenoblb pcr jd pjsc ljd jdjajotc rjsnstjotj.

- Gbrebs pjrabojotjs6 sco dbs gbrebs ljmnlbs b pbrtjs lj db gcostruggn÷o

quj oc sco jstrugturbdjs, pjrc jstâo hnfblbs b db ansab pjrabojotjajotj.

- Gbrebs lj sjrvngnc c scmrjgbrebs6 sco dbs gbrebs lj usc, sco dbs quj
ljmj rjsnstnr db jstrugturb lnsjòblb.

- Gbrebs pcr hjo÷ajocs ajtjcrcd÷engcs6 sco dbs crnenoblbs pcr jd vnjotc b

db onjvj.

- Gbrebs sásangbs6 sco dbs crnenoblbs pcr uo snsac, tjgt÷ongc c vcdgâongc;

nogdusnvj snsacs crnenoblcs pcr db bggn÷o iuabob (snsacs nolugnlcs).
 

- Prjsncojs c japufjs6 gbrebs crnenoblbs pcr jd japufj lj sujdcs, dáqunlcs,

gco lnrjggn÷o prjlcanobotjajotj icrnzcotbd. 

\npcs lj gbrebs
• Gcaprjsn÷o bxnbd
• \rbggn÷o bxnbd

• Hdjxn÷o

• \crsn÷o

Ljhcrabgncojs y gcotnounlbl jo uob jstrugturb

\clc gujrpc scmrj db \njrrb jstâ scajtnlc b db bggn÷o lj hujrzbs. Zob lj
jddbs js notráosjgb bd ansac gujrpc, js su pjsc, y sbdvc quj jd gujrpc sjb bdjfblc
lj db \njrrb oc pujlj bmstrbjrsj b jstb hujrzb.

 Bd pjsc ljd

ljd gujrpc,
gujrpc, sj dj suabo
suabo ctrbs hujrzbs, y dcs jdjajotcs
jdjajotcs jstrugturb
jstrugturbdjs
djs
jo uob cmrb lj brquntjgturb, jstâo nljblcs pbrb rjsnstnr jstb suab lj hujrzbs.

Pcr db bggn÷o lj dbs gbrebs (hujrzbs) uo jdjajotc jstrugturbd sj ljhcrab.

Jstb ljhcrabgn÷o jo abeontul y sjotnlc, ljpjolj lj db hujrzb quj db crnenob, lj
dbs lnajosncojs ljd jdjajotc y ljd abtjrnbd usblc.

Dbs ljhcrabgncojs rjspcoljo b dbs sneunjotjs rjdbgncojs6

- b abycr  gbreb,
 gbreb, abycr  ljhcrabgn÷o
 ljhcrabgn÷o

- b abycr  lnajosn÷o
 lnajosn÷o dcoentulnobd (duz), abycr  ljhcrabgn÷o
  ljhcrabgn÷o
- b abycr  sjggn÷o
 sjggn÷o rjsnstjotj, ajocr  ljhcrabgn÷o
  ljhcrabgn÷o

- b ajfcr  abtjrnbd
 abtjrnbd (abycr a÷ludc J), ajocr  ljhcrabgn÷o
 ljhcrabgn÷o
 

Gcogdusn÷o

Jo jd trbmbfc lj novjstnebgn÷o
novjstnebgn÷o pdbotjblc botjrncrajotj
botjrncrajotj pulnacs cmsjrvbr
cmsjrvbr db

napcrtbognb
napcrtbog nb lj gblb uob lj dbs ljhnongncojs ljsbrrcddblbs,
ljsbrrcddblbs, yb quj jstbs snrvjo lj
byulb bd bprjolnz pbrb db abycr gcaprjosn÷o lj dcs snstjabs jstrugturbdjs y sus
gcapcrtbanjotcs,
gcapcrtb anjotcs, sbmnjolc tbamnîo quj jstcs sco gbusblcs mnjo sjb pcr gbrebs
c pcr jd ansac pjsc lj db jstrugturb. \bamnîo, erbgnbs b jstb novjstnebgn÷o, sj
pulc gco
gcocgjr db abo abojr
jrb
b lj gbdg
gbdgu
udbr bdeuob
uobs lj jstbs tbs rjbgg
bggnco
ncojs y
gcapc
gca pcrtb
rtbanj
anjotc
otcs,
s, pdbot
pdbotjbo
jbolc
lc dbs rjspj
rjspjgt
gtnvb
nvbs
s hcraud
hcraudbs
bs y dcs aîtcl
aîtclcs
cs aâs
aâs
bprcpnblcs pbrb su abycr jotjolnanjotc.