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1 GUIDE 2019-2020 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE PAGE 1

CHAPTER 1
CLASS : 10th
SUB : Social Science Unit 1
Previous Years Chapter-wise Questions
For more chapter visit www.cbse.online

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

ONE MARK QUESTIONS 1815?

1. Why did big European powers meet in Berlin in 1885? The main aim of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was to
reestablish conservative regions in Europe.
Ans : [Delhi 2018]
9. What was the strong demand of the emerging middle
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,
classes in Europe during 19th century?
merchants from the towns in Europe began moving
to the countryside, supplying money to peasants Ans : [Foreign 2016]
and artisans, persuading them to produce for an The strong demand of the emerging middle classes
international market. in Europe during 19th century was constitutionalism
2. Name the treaty of 1832 that recognized Greece as an with national unification.
independent nation. 10. What was the major change that occurred in the
Ans : [Delhi 2016] political and constitutional scenario due to French
revolution in Europe?
It was the Treaty of Constantinople that recognized
Greece as an independent nation. Ans : [Delhi 2015]

3. Name the event that mobilized nationalist feelings The major changes that occurred in the political and
among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848? constitutional scenario due to French revolution in
Europe were the end of the absolute monarch with
Ans : [Delhi 2016] the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a
The Greek war of independence mobilized nationalist body of French people.
feelings among the educated elite across Europe in
11. What was the main aim of the French Revolutionaries?
1830-1848.
Ans : [AI 2015]
4. What was the main aim of the revolutionaries of
Europe during the years following 1815? [Delhi 2016] Their main aim was to transfer of sovereignty from the
monarchy to a body of French people by creating a
Ans : sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
Their main aim was to oppose the monarchial form of
12. What was the major issue taken up by the liberal
government and fight for liberty and freedom.
nationalists? [Foreign 2015]
5. Who remarked “When France sneezes, the rest of Ans :
Europe catches cold”? [AI 2016]
The liberal nationalists took the major issue of
Ans :
freedom of press.
“When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches
cold” was remarked by Duke Mettemich. 13. Mention the proclamation of the French Revolution.
Ans : [Delhi 2010]
6. Who was proclaimed the German emperor in the
ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871? [AI 2016] The proclamation of the French Revolution was “the
people would constitute the nation and shape its
Ans :
destiny.”
The ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871
proclaimed Kaiser William I of Prussia as the German 14. Who founded the secret society, ‘Young Italy’ during
emperor. the 1830s? [AI 2010]
Ans :
7. What was the meaning of liberalism in early 19th
century in Europe? [Foreign 2016] During the 1830s, the secret society called the Young
Ans : Italy was founded by Giuseppe Mazzini.

Liberalism in early 19th century in Europe meant 15. Name the female allegory representing the Republic of
freedom for the individual, equality before law, France. [AI 2010]
government by consent and freedom of markets. Ans :
8. What was the main aim of the Treaty of Vienna of Marianne was the female allegory representing the
republic of France.
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PAGE 2 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE CHAP 1
16. Name the female allegory of the German nation. examples. [Foreign 2016]
Ans : [AI 2010] or
How did nationalism develop through culture in
Germania was the female allegory of the German Europe? Explain.
nation.
Ans : [AI 2015]
17. What was the result of the first upheaval that took It is true to say that culture had played an important
place in France in July 1830? [Foreign 2010]
role in the development of nationalism in Europe
Ans : during the 18th and 19th centimes. This can be
It resulted in the overthrowing of the Bourbon kings justified with the following examples:
and installation of a constitutional monarch with a. Romanticism and cultural movements in Greece
Louis Philippe as the head. helped in developing the feeling of nationalism,
sense of togetherness and love for the country
through language, art, poetry, stories, folk songs,
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS music and the past experiences.
b. Karol Kurpinski was able to develop the feeling
of nationalist through his operas, music and folk
18. Describe any three economic hardships faced by
dances.
Europe in 1830s. [Delhi 2017]
c. The Poland people were fighting with Russia for
or their language and culture.
‘Great economic hardships in Europe prevailed in
1830’s’. Support the statement with arguments.
[AI 2016] For session 2019-2020 free pdf will be available at www.
or cbse.online for
Why was the decade of 1830 is known as great economic 1. Chapter-wise Question Bank (Including 10 years
hardships in Europe? Explain any three reasons. Exam Questions).
[AI 2013] 2. Previous Ten Years Exam Paper (Paper-wise).
3. 20 Model Paper (All Solved).
Ans :
4. NCERT Solutions
The three economic hardships faced by Europe in All material will be solved and free pdf. It will be
1830s were: provided by 30 September and will be updated regularly.
a. High rise in population led to the unemployment
condition and scarcity of jobs.
b. The small producers faced stiff competition due to 21. How did a wave of economic nationalism strengthen
the import of cheap machine goods from England. the wider nationalist sentiments growing in Europe?
c. Due to the burden of the feudal dues and taxes, Explain. [Foreign 2015]
there was bad harvest. Ans :
d. There was rise in the prices of food grains due to
the bad harvest which made the condition of the The following are the ways through which a wave of
common people miserable. economic nationalism strengthen the wider nationalist
sentiments growing in Europe:
19. How had the female figures become an allegory of the a. The demand for the unconstrained transfer of
nation during the 19th century in Europe? Analyse. commodities and people.
[Delhi 2016] b. The formation of Zollverein.
Ans : c. The formation of the railway network which
increased the mobility and strengthen the
The following are the ways by which the female economic condition.
figures become an allegory of the nation during the
19th century in Europe: 22. Describe the events of French Revolution which had
a. The artists started personifying the nation with influenced the people belonging to other parts of
female figures in the 18th and 19th century which Europe.
was an abstract idea that gave a concrete form to Ans : [Delhi 2015]
the nation. Hence, the female figure became the
allegory of the nation. The events of French Revolution which had influenced
b. In France, the statues of Christene Marianne were the people belonging to other parts of Europe were:
erected in the public square and also marked on a. Jacobins clubs were set up by the students and
the coins and the stamps. It was the figure of the members of educated middle class after the
Liberty with the red cap, the tricolor and the news of the French revolution which affected the
cockade. French army.
c. In Germany, Germania became the allegory b. The idea of nationalism was spread abroad by the
wearing a crown of oak leaves because the German French army.
oak symbolizes heroism. c. The napoleon code was introduced in the year
1804, which abolished privileges and upholded
20. Culture had played an important role in the equality.
development of nationalism in Europe during the
18th and 19th centuries. Support the statement with 23. How did the local people in the areas conquered by

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CHAP 1 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE PAGE 3
Napoleon react to French rule? Explain. were failed by the year 1848. The failure of the
Ans : [Delhi 2014]
Frankfurt parliament clearly indicated that
Germany can be unified only with the combined
The local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon effort of the monarchy and the army.
had a mixed reaction to French rule. b. The movement of unification of Germany was
a. The businessman and the small producers leaded by Prussia. There the chief minister of
welcomed the economic reforms introduced by Prussia (Otto von Bismarck) became the main
Napoleon. architect in the process of unification of Germany.
b. Initially, the French armies were recognized as the c. Three wars were fought with Austria, Denmark
messenger of liberty but later on it was realised and France over seven years which finally ended
that the administrative reforms cannot go hand in with the Prussian victory and then after the
hand with the political reform. process of unification of Germany was completed.
c. The increased taxation and censorship were not
liked by the people. 28. How had Britain come into existence? [Delhi 2013]
Ans :
24. Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles
to the economic exchange and growth by the new a. The formation of Britain or the unification of
commercial classes during the 19th century in Europe. Britain was a result of long drawn parliamentary
Ans : [AI 2014] process. Before the 18th century there was no
such nation called Britain.
The following were the conditions that were viewed b. It was all comprised by the English, Welsh, Scot
as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by and Irish lived in the British Isles. All these regions
the new commercial classes during the 19th century had their own cultural and political traditions.
in Europe: Gradually, England grew in importance due to
a. Restrictions were put on the movement of goods, its rising wealth and power which resulted in
capital and the people by many states. expansion of her influence over the other countries
b. There was a problem of time consuming in that region.
calculations due to the different system of weights c. In the year 1707, the act of union between England
and measures in different confederations. and Scotland resulted in the formation of United
c. There was a problem of price rise and delay in Kingdom of Great Britain. Finally, the British
supply of goods due to so many check posts and nation had its own English culture, British flag,
custom duties. national anthem and English language.
25. What were Jacobin clubs? How did then- activities 29. Name the female allegory, which was invented by
and campaigns help to spread the idea of nationalism artists in the 19th century to represent the nation of
abroad? Explain. [Foreign 2014] France. Explain any two features of it. [Foreign 2013]
Ans : Ans :
The political clubs in Europe formed by the educated In France, the name of the female allegory was
middle class for the replacement of autocratic regimes Marianne. The statues of Christene Marianne were
by the democratic government called the Jacobin erected in the public square and also marked on the
clubs. Their activities and campaigns helped to spread coins and the stamps.
the idea of nationalism abroad in the following ways: The two features of this female allegory were:
a. The French armies were able to move into Holland, a. This reflects the ideas of the people’s nation.
Belgium and Switzerland. b. It was the figure of liberty with the red cap, the
b. The French armies were able to spread the ideas tricolor and the cockade.
of nationalism in other countries of the world after
the outbreak of the revolutionary wars. 30. Describe the impact of the ‘revolution of liberals’ of
1848 in Europe. [Foreign 2012]
26. Explain the process of unification of Italy.
Ans :
Ans : [Delhi 2013, 2012]
The revolution of liberals of 1848 had a great impact
a. Giuseppe Mazzini started initiative for the in Europe. These were:
unification of Italy. He formed a secret society a. The monarch was abdicated and a republic was
called ‘Young Italy’. formed on the basis of universal male suffrage in
b. King Victor Emmanuel II tried to unify Italian France.
states through war. b. Men and women of the liberal middle classes
c. Further Victor Emmanuel II was supported united their demands for the constitutionalism
and helped by Chief Minister Cavour and large and national unification and wanted to form a
number of armed volunteers under the leadership nation-state on the basis of the parliamentary
of Giuseppe Garibaldi. principles.
c. Middle class professionals, businessmen and the
27. Explain the process of unification of Germany.
rich artisans went to Frankfurt city and voted
Ans : [Delhi 2013, 2012] for an all-German National Assembly. As a
a. The efforts of installing a constitutional monarchy result, the Frankfurt assembly was convened and
in Germany with the help of political associations a constitution for a German nation was drafted

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PAGE 4 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE CHAP 1
which was headed by a monarchy subject. For example, Karol Kurpinski was able to develop
the feeling of nationalist through his operas, music
31. Explain any three beliefs of the conservatism that
and folk dances.
emerged after 1815. [Delhi 2011]
c. They used their language as a national resistance in
Ans : church gatherings and other religious instructions.
The three beliefs of the conservatism that emerged 35. Explain any three causes of conflict in the Balkan area
after 1815 were: after 1871. [AI 2011]
a. They believed that the traditional institutions of
the state and the society must be protected and Ans :
preserved. The three causes of conflict in the Balkan area after
b. They held the belief that the changes brought 1871 were:
by the Napoleon and the ^modernization would a. The modern day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania,
definitely strengthen the power of the state and Greece, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia etc. were
make it much more effective. comprised together called the Balkans. They had
c. They also believed that the modem army, efficient conflict with one another on the basis of feelings
bureaucracy, dynamic economy and the abolition of nationalism.
of the feudalism and serfdom would surely provide b. The different Balkan regions were jealous of each
gain to the aristocratic monarchies of Europe. other and always for their own identity.
c. They wanted to gain more territory at the expense
32. Describe any three reforms introduced by Napoleon in
of the others.
the territories he conquered. [Delhi 2011]
Ans : 36. Explain the contribution of Giuseppe Mazzini in
spreading revolutionary ideas in Europe. [AI 2011]
The three reforms introduced by Napoleon in the
territories he conquered were: Ans :
a. Napoleon introduced the Civil Code in the year Giuseppe Mazzini was a great Italian revolutionary.
1804 which was also called as the Napoleon Code. He was born in Genoa in the year 1807. He joined a
It was introduced in order to abolish the privileges secret society of the Carbonari. He was sent to jail in
which were based on birth, to establish equality the year 1831 because he was involved in a revolution
before the law and to give the right to property in Liguria. Two underground societies were founded
to all. under him named the Young Italy in Marseilles and
b. He also introduced a system of uniform weight Young Europe in Berne.
and measures and a system of common currency According to Mazzini, the God had intended the
for the nation which helped the people in trade nations to be the natural units of mankind. Therefore,
from one region to another. Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of the
c. He had changed the system of transport and small and fragmented states and kingdoms.
communications and made it more advanced. The conservatives were frightened with the
Mazzini’s opposition to the monarchy system and his
33. Explain the contribution of Otto van Bismarck in
vision for the democracy.
German unification. [Delhi 2011]
Ans : 37. Explain in three points, how Ireland was incorporated
into United Kingdom in 1801. [Foreign 2011]
The movement of unification of Germany was leaded
by Prussia. The chief minister of Prussia (Otto von Ans :
Bismarck) became the main architect in the process The following are the ways through which Ireland was
of unification of Germany. incorporated into United Kingdom in the year 1801:
The process of unification of Germany was taken a. Catholics and Protestants were the two different
up by him with the help of the Prussian army and the religious followers in Ireland. The Protestants were
bureaucracy. He infused the feeling of nationalism in supported by the English to establish dominance
the minds of the people. Three wars were fought with over the large catholic country.
Austria, Denmark and France over seven years and b. The Catholics revolted under the leadership of
defeated Austria, Denmark and France which’ finally Wolfe Tone against this dominance but were
ended with the Prussian victory and thus completed failed.
the process of unification of Germany. c. The distinctive culture and language was
suppressed when the English nation grew in power.
34. Explain any three ways in which nationalists feelings
The English nation promoted their own British
were kept alive in Poland in the 18th and 19th century. flag, national anthem and English language.
[AI 2011]
Ans : 38. Explain any three features of the ‘nation-state’ that
emerged in Europe in the twentieth century.
The three ways in which nationalist feelings were kept [Foreign 2011]
alive in Poland in the 18th and 19th century were as
follows: Ans :
a. The polish people used their culture in maintaining The three features of the nation-state that emerged in
and upgrading their national identity. Europe in the 20th century were:
b. For their unity and identity they had used music. a. There were intense rivalry among the nations due

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CHAP 1 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE PAGE 5
to expansion of trade and colonies, Greece, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia etc. were
b. The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. comprised together called the Balkans. They had
c. The subject countries declared themselves as an conflict with one another on the basis of feelings
independent countries. of nationalism.
b. The different Balkan regions were jealous of each
39. Explain any three features of Napoleon Code.
other and always for their own identity.
Ans : [Delhi 2010] c. They wanted to gain more territory at the expense
The three features of the Napoleon Code are: of the others.
a. It helped in restoring monarchy after destroying d. Balkans also became the scene of big power rivalry.
democracy. Each power-Russia, Germany, England were keen
b. It helped in making the administrative system to take hold on Balkans.
more rational and efficient. e. The Balkans people used history to prove that
c. It abolished the privileges based on birth and they had once been independent. So, they became
helped in gaining equality before law. nationalist and rebellious to win back their long-
lost independence.
40. Explain any three measures introduced by the French
revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity 43. Analyse the measures and practices introduced by the
amongst the French people. [Delhi 2010] French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective
identity amongst the French people. [Delhi 2016]
Ans :
Ans :
The three measures introduced by the French
revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity The measures and practices introduced by the French
amongst the French people were: revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity
a. The idea of la patrie and le Citoyen helped amongst the French people were:
the people enjoying the equal rights under a a. The idea of La patrie and Le citoyen helped
constitution. the people enjoying the equal rights under a
b. The former royal standard flag was replaced by a constitution.
new French tricolor flag. b. The former royal standard flag was replaced by a
c. The new estate general was elected. new French tricolor flag.
d. New hymns were composed and martyrs were c. The new estate general was elected.
commemorated. d. New hymns were composed and martyrs were
e. The regional dialects were discouraged in France commemorated.
and French was declared the common language of e. The regional dialects were discouraged in France
the nation. and French was declared the common language of
the nation.
41. Describe in brief the process by which the ‘British
nation’ came into existence. [Foreign 2010] 44. Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France, but
in the administrative field he had incorporated
Ans : revolutionary principles in order to make the whole
The formation of Britain or the unification of Britain system more rational and efficient. Analyse the
was a result of long drawn parliamentary process. statement with arguments. [AI 2016]
Before the 18th century there was no such nation or
called Britain. It was all comprised by the English, “Napoleon had, no doubt destroyed democracy
welsh, scot and Irish lived in the British Isles. All in France, but in the administrative field he had
these regions had their own cultural and political incorporated revolutionary principles in order to
traditions. Gradually England grew in importance make the whole system more rational and efficient”.
due to its rising wealth and power which resulted in Support the statement. [Delhi 2012]
expansion of her influence over the other countries in Ans :
that region.
The five social and administrative reforms introduced
In the year 1707, the act of union between England
by Napoleon in the regions under his control were :
and Scotland resulted in the formation of United
a. He gave away with all privileges based on birth,
Kingdom of Great Britain. Finally, the British nation
established equality before the law.
had its own English culture, British flag, national
b. He abolished the feudal system and freed peasants
anthem and English language.
from serfdom and manorial dues.
c. Equild restrictions were removed in the towns.
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS d. He introduced uniform and standardised weights
and measures.
e. He also introduced a common national currency
42. Describe the explosive conditions that prevailed in that would facilitate the movement and exchange
Balkans after 1871 in Europe. [Delhi 2018] of goods and capital from one region to another.
Ans :
45. ‘Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal
The explosive conditions that prevailed in the Balkans democratic sentiments by the last quarter of the
after 1871 were: 19th century in Europe.’ Analyse the statement with
a. The modern day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania,

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PAGE 6 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE CHAP 1
examples. [Foreign 2016] people into a nation so that they can collectively
Ans : think for their nation.
d. Music also helps in to light up the feeling of
It is true to say that Nationalism no longer retained nationalism-connection to one nation.
its idealistic liberal democratic sentiments by the last e. The collection of local folklore was not just only
quarter of the 19th century in Europe. It was so due to recover the national spirit, but also spread
to the following reasons: the message of nationalism among the illiterate
a. Nationalism started becoming narrower in belief people.
with inadequate ends.
b. Now the concept of nationalism was changing in 48. Describe the process of unification of Italy. [AI 2015]
its meaning as more area of influence. Ans :
c. The nationalists were manipulated by the chief
European authorities. a. Earlier Italy was divided into seven states out of
d. The problem of Balkan state was not solved rather which the Italian princely house ruled only in the
it was being watched by the countries to become Sardinia-Piedmont region.
fruitful for them. b. The youth of the country were greatly influenced by
the most prominent Italian leader named Mazzini.
The youth were inspired for the establishment of
For session 2019-2020 free pdf will be available at a single united Italy. Secret societies were set up
www.cbse.online for in many states.
1. Chapter-wise Question Bank (Including 10 years c. In the process of unification of Italy Cavour was
Exam Questions). helped a lot by Mazzini. King Victor Emmanuel
2. Previous Ten Years Exam Paper (Paper-wise). II took the charge of the unification of Italy after
3. 20 Model Paper (All Solved). a series of failure of Mazzini.
4. NCERT Solutions d. Cavour, the then chief minister due to his tactful
All material will be solved and free pdf. It will be diplomatic alliance with France was able to defeat
provided by 30 September and will be updated regularly. the Austrian forces in the year 1859.
e. Finally the Spanish were driven out when
Giuseppe Garibaldi marched into south Italy
46. Describe the process of unification of Germany.
in the year 1860 with the support of the local
Ans : [Delhi 2015] peasants. Hence, Italy was unified in the year
In 1848, Germans tried to unite the different regions 1961 and Victor Emmanuel II was declared the
of the German confederation into a nation-state- king of united Italy.
governed by an elected parliament. But the monarchy 49. Describe the process of unification of Britain.
and the military repulssed the initiative. From then,
Germany’s effort was supported by the large land Ans : [Delhi 2015]
owners called Junkers of Prussia. Prussia took the The unification of Britain was not the result of any
leadership of this movement under its chief minister, revolution but it was a long drawn-out process. Earlier,
Otto von Bismarck. He took the help of Prussian army Britain was comprised of English, Welsh, Scot or Irish.
and bureaucracy. For 7 years, Prussians fought 3 wars But in all these, English nations grew in importance
with Austria, Denmark, and France-which resulted and power so was able to dominate over other nations
into Prussia’s victory and it led to be unification of of Britain. The English parliament came into power in
Germany. 1688 with England at its centre.
The Prussian king, William I was proclaimed a. The Act of Union (1707) between England and
as the German Emperor on January 18, 1871. The Scotland resulted in formation of the United
nation-state building in Germany had demonstrated Kingdom of Great Britain’. This means England
the dominance of Prussian state power. The unified was able to dominate Scotland.
state of Germany had modern currency, banking, legal b. Ireland was divided into Catholic and Protestants.
and judicial system. The English helped the Protestants to gain control
over Catholic country. Catholic revolted against
47. “Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe
British but they were suppressed and Ireland was
that they are all part of the same nation.” Support
forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom
the statement. [Delhi 2015]
in 1801. A new British nation’ came through the
Ans : propagation of English culture, the British flag
Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe (Union Jack), the national anthem (God Save Our
that they are all part of the same nation. Noble Ring), and the English language.
a. The Romanticism and cultural movements focused
50. ‘The 1830s were years of great economic hardship in
on emotions, intuitions and mystical feelings to
Europe.’ Support the statement with four examples.
create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a
common cultural past of a nation. Ans : [Foreign 2012]
b. Folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances are true The decade of 1830s known as great economic
cultural spirits of a nation and these are essential hardships in Europe because of the following reasons:
to bind the people in a bond. a. High rise in population led to the unemployment
c. Importance of vernacular language also bind the condition and scarcity of jobs.

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CHAP 1 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE PAGE 7
b. The small producers faced stiff competition due to
the import of cheap machine goods from England.
c. Due to the burden of the feudal dues and taxes
there was bad harvest.
d. There was rise in the prices of food grains due to
the bad harvest which made the condition of the
common people miserable.
51. Explain any four ideas of liberal nationalists in the
economic sphere. [AI 2011]
Ans :
The four ideas of liberal nationalists in the economic
sphere were:
a. They demanded the freedom of markets and
restrictions to be abolished which were imposed
by the state.
b. They were in demand for the creation of the
unified economic territory.
c. They wanted the currency disparities to be
balanced.
d. They wanted to follow the uniform weights and
measurement.
e. They demanded good infrastructure for their
economic interests.
52. Explain any four changes brought about in Europe by
the Treaty of Vienna [1815]. [Foreign 2011]
Ans :
The four changes that were brought in Europe by the
Treaty ofVienna in the year ;1815 were as follows:
a. The Bourbon dynasty was restored.
b. Series of states were set up along the boundaries
of France for the future prevention.
c. Prussia was given the new territories on to the
west side.
d. The German federation remained as it is.
e. Monarchy was restored in Europe.

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