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    LAB Exercise No. 5

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    This document describes a study that uses simple linear regression to analyze the relationship between carbon emissions per capita (Y) and several country characteristics (X) including population, GDP per capita, and adult literacy rate. The regression analysis found GDP per capita had a very strong positive correlation with carbon emissions, while population had a very weak correlation. It concludes that GDP per capita has the most influence on a country's carbon emissions per capita.

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    LAB Exercise No. 5

    Uploaded by

    August August August
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    This document describes a study that uses simple linear regression to analyze the relationship between carbon emissions per capita (Y) and several country characteristics (X) including population, GDP per capita, and adult literacy rate. The regression analysis found GDP per capita had a very strong positive correlation with carbon emissions, while population had a very weak correlation. It concludes that GDP per capita has the most influence on a country's carbon emissions per capita.

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    This document describes a study that uses simple linear regression to analyze the relationship between carbon emissions per capita (Y) and several country characteristics (X) including population, GDP per capita, and adult literacy rate. The regression analysis found GDP per capita had a very strong positive correlation with carbon emissions, while population had a very weak correlation. It concludes that GDP per capita has the most influence on a country's carbon emissions per capita.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views3 pages

    LAB Exercise No. 5

    Uploaded by

    August August August
    This document describes a study that uses simple linear regression to analyze the relationship between carbon emissions per capita (Y) and several country characteristics (X) including population, GDP per capita, and adult literacy rate. The regression analysis found GDP per capita had a very strong positive correlation with carbon emissions, while population had a very weak correlation. It concludes that GDP per capita has the most influence on a country's carbon emissions per capita.

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    of 3

    ENS 56 MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

    Laboratory Exercise No. 5

    WHAT CAUSES COUNTRY CARBON EMISSIONS PER CAPITA?

    ULYSSES C. ARAO

    INTRODUCTION

    Carbon emissions per capita are measured as the total amount of carbon
    dioxide emitted by the country as a consequence of all relevant human (production
    and consumption) activities, divided by the population of the country. Carbon
    emission is primarily the reason for the global greenhouse effect leading to climate
    change.

    Several factors are seen to be associated with carbon emissions. First,


    population and climate change are inextricably linked. Every additional person
    increases carbon emissions. Second, it is also confirmed that economic growth
    generally comes with higher emissions. Lastly, poor awareness and low levels of
    literacy are also viewed to cause human actions leading to carbon emissions.

    In this exercise, simple linear regression will be used to test the hypothesis
    above, that population, income, and literacy in a country influence the level of carbon
    emissions in a country.

    OBJECTIVES

    1. Find out the influence of socio-demographic characteristics of a country on its


    per capita carbon emissions.
    2. Find out which among the country demographic characteristics have greater
    contribution to their nations per capita carbon emissions.

    PROCEDURE

    1. Choose data from 10 countries on the following variables in the link provided:
    a. Carbon emissions per capita (Y) (https://bit.ly/3eCSM2A)
    b. Population (X1) (https://bit.ly/3f9V0FC)
    c. Income (GDP) per capita (X2) (https://bit.ly/3w2Hvya)
    d. Adult Literacy Rate (X3) (https://bit.ly/3oh9GHi)
    2. Using an online calculator for simple linear regression
    (https://bit.ly/3eCndWD), look for the y-intercept, slope, regression model, F-
    test results, and the r2 (the square of the correlation coefficient) for the
    following X and Y variables
    a. Population (X) and carbon emission/capita (Y)
    b. GDP/capita (X) and carbon emission/capita (Y)
    c. Adult literacy rate (X) and carbon emission/capita (Y)

    Confidence level is at 0.95

    3. Fill up the table to interpret each regression coefficient (slope).

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

    1. Table 1. Shows the data from 10 countries on the following variables provided in
    the link given.

    Carbon Adult Literacy


    No. Country Population GDP/capita
    Emission/capita Rate
    1. Argentina 4.7 4,580,874 9,122 98.1 %
    2. Bahrain 21.8 1,501,635 24,294 95.7 %
    3. China 8.0 1,411,778,724 11,819 96.4 %
    Dominican
    4. 2.3 10,535,535 7,951 91.8 %
    Republic
    5. Ecuador 2.6 17,745,376 5,665 94.5 %
    6. Egypt 2.5 101,876,218 3,832 75.2 %
    7. Ghana 0.7 30,955,202 2,374 76.6 %
    8. Haiti 0.3 11,743,017 1,943 60.7 %
    9. India 1.9 1,377,727,601 2,191 77.7 %
    10. Jordan 2.6 10,958,544 4,358 97.9 %

    2. Table 2. Shows the y-intercept, slope, regression model, F-test results and the r2
    (the square of the correlation coefficient) for the given X and Y variables.

    Variables a B Model F-statistic r2


    Population (X)
    and carbon Y=4.718+7.38x1011 0.0003591
    4.718 7.38x1011X 0.00004489
    emission/capita X (1,8)
    (Y)
    GDP/capita (X)
    and carbon Y=- 134.5468
    -1.9667 0.0009119X 0.9439
    emission/capita 1.9667+0.0009119X (1,8)
    (Y)
    Adult literacy
    rate (X) and
    2.107
    carbon -14.7055 0.2249X Y=-14.7055+0.2249X 0.2085
    (1,8)
    emission/capita
    (Y)

    In general, the pair of the population (X) and carbon emission/capita (Y) has no
    significant regression models to each other. Adult literacy rate (X) and carbon
    emission/capita variables are just in a moderate direct relationship with each
    other.
    And the most significant regression in the statistical results above is the GDP/capita
    (X) and carbon emission/capita (Y) which has the highest number of r2 as well.

    3. Table 3. Shows the interpretation of each regression coefficient (slope).

    Variables b (slope) Interpretation


    Every 1 unit in population increased
    Population (X) and carbon
    7.38x1011X and carbon emission increased by
    emission/capita (Y)
    7.38x1011X.
    Every 1 unit in GDP/capita
    GDP/capita (X) and carbon
    0.0009119X increased and carbon emission
    emission/capita (Y)
    increased by 0.0009119X.
    Every 1 unit in adult literacy rate
    Adult literacy rate (X) and
    0.2249X increased and carbon emission
    carbon emission/capita (Y)
    increased by 0.2249X

    The table above interprets the slope of each pair of variables. To interpret it
    generally, in every 1 unit of each of the variable (X) increase, the variable (Y) also
    increases by its slope (b).

    CONCLUSION

    A linear regression model with a single explanatory variable is known as


    simple linear regression. The pair of variables that have a significant regression
    model is the GDP/capita (X) and the carbon emission/capita (Y) because there is
    94.4% of the variability of Y was explained by X. The correlation (R) resulted in
    0.9715 which makes it a very strong direct relationship between X and Y, whereas,
    the adult literacy rate has only moderate direct relationship. On the other hand, the
    pair of variables that are non-significant regression model is the population (X) and
    carbon emission/capita (Y) due to the result of the r2 of the variables (0.00004489)
    and these pair have a very weak direct relationship between X and Y. Based on the
    statistical results above, the GDP/capita has the very strong direct relationship to
    carbon emission/capita and thus, have the most influence on carbon emission/capita
    as well. And since the population has a very weak direct relationship to carbon
    emission/capita; it is also the least influence on carbon emission/capita among the
    three variables.

    Linear regression may be used in different ways such as; to predict the
    dependent variable (Y), estimate the effect of each independent variable (X) on the
    dependent variable (Y), calculate the correlation between the dependent variable
    and the independent variables and lastly, to test the linear model significance level.

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