Statistik15distribusiprobabilitasdiskrit 141031084113 Conversion Gate02
Statistik15distribusiprobabilitasdiskrit 141031084113 Conversion Gate02
Statistik15distribusiprobabilitasdiskrit 141031084113 Conversion Gate02
1 T T T 0
2 T T H 1
3 T H T 1
4 H T T 1
5 T H H 2
6 H T H 2
7 H H T 2
8 H H H 3
Distribusi Probabilitas
μ = Σ[xP(x)]
where µ represents the mean and P(x ) is the
probability of the various outcomes x .
of σ2
The Variance & standard deviation
of a Discrete Probability
Distribution
The variance of a discrete probability
distribution is computed from the formula:
2 2
σ = Σ[(x − μ) P(x)]
The stadard deviation is the square root of σ2
2
σ= σ
10 5
11 6
12 7
13 2
10 5 .25
11 6 .30
12 7 .35
13 2 .10
Total 20 1.00
EXAMPLE 2 c o ntinue d
Compute the mean number of houses painted
per week:
μ = E(x) = Σ[xP(x)]
= (10)(.25) + (11)(.30) + (12)(.35) + (13)(.10)
= 11.3
x Week P(x) x.P(x)
10 5 0.25 2.5
11 6 0.30 3.3
12 7 0.35 4.2
13 2 0.10 1.3
Total 20 1 11.3
EXAMPLE 2 c o ntinue d
Compute the variance of the number of
houses painted per week:
σ2 = Σ[(x − μ) 2 P(x)]
= (10 − 11.3) 2 (.25) + ... + (13 − 11.3) 2 (.10)
= 0.4225 + 0.0270 + 0.1715 + 0.2890
= 0.91
x Week P(x) x.P(x) x-µ (x-µ) 2 (x-µ) 2.P(x)
10 5 0.25 2.5 -1.3 1.69 0.42
11 6 0.30 3.3 -0.3 0.09 0.03
12 7 0.35 4.2 0.7 0.49 0.17
13 2 0.10 1.3 1.7 2.89 0.29
Total 20 1 11.3 0.91
Types of Probability Distributions
X=number of heads
The coin is fair, i.e., P(head) = 1/2.
P(x=0) = 3 C 0 0.5 0(1- 0.5) 3-0 =0.125=1/8
P(x=1) = 3 C 1 0.5 1(1- 0.5) 3-1 =0.375=3/8
P(x=2) = 3 C 2 0.5 2(1- 0.5) 3-2 =0.375=3/8
P(x=3) = 3 C 3 0.5 3(1- 0.5) 3-3 =0.125=1/8
When the coin is not fair, simple counting rule will not work.
EXAMPLE 3
The Department of Labor reports that
20% of the workforce in Surabaya is
unemployed. From a sample of 14
workers, calculate the following
probabilities:
Exactly three are unemployed.
At least three are unemployed.
At least one are unemployed.
EXAMPLE 3 c o ntinue d
σ = nπ (1 − π )
2
EXAMPLE 4
From EXAMPLE 3, recall that π =.2 and n=14.
7/12 R1
5/11 B2
7/11 R2
5/12 B1
4/11 B2
The probability of a success (red chip) is not the same on each trial.
Hypergeometric Distribution
The formula for finding a probability using the
hypergeometric distribution is:
( S C x )( N −S Cn − x )
P( x ) =
N Cn
( 4 C3 )( 10− 4 C5−3 )
P(3) =
10 C5
( 4 C3 )(6 C2 ) 4(15)
= = = .238
10 C5 252
Contoh
1. Examples
Number of customers arriving in 20
minutes
Number of strikes per year in the U.S.
Number of defects per lot (group) of
DVD’s
Poisson Process
1. Constant event
probability
Average of 60/hr is
1/min for 60 1-minute
intervals
1. One event per interval
Don’t arrive together
1. Independent events
Arrival of 1 person does
not affect another’s
arrival
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
Poisson Probability Distribution
Function
x -λ
λe
p (x ) =
x!
-λ
λ e
x
p ( x) =
x!
( 3.6 )
4 -3.6
e
p (4) = = .1912
4!
Thinking Challenge
You work in Quality
Assurance for an investment
firm. A clerk enters 75
words per minute with 6
errors per hour. What is the
probability of 0 errors in a
255-word bond transaction?
-λ
λ e
x
p( x) =
x!
( .34 )
0 -.34
e
p (0) = = .7118
0!
Chapter Six
Discrete Probability Distributions
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