AKTUATOR

AKTUATOR
CONTROL VALVE
HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR
MANUAL CONTROL OF
A SIMPLE PROCESS
ELEMENT OF AUTOMATIC
CONTROL
COMPONENT OF AN
AUTOMATIC CONTROL
PROCESS CONTROL DEVICE
AND CONTROL SYSTEM
PISTON ACTUATOR
PNEUMATIC DIAPHRAGM ACTUATOR
VALVE AND ACTUATOR CONFIGURATION
EFFECT OF ACTUATOR AND VALVE ACTION
FOR TWO PORT VALVE
EFFECT OF ACTUATOR AND VALVE ACTION
FOR TWO PORT VALVE
EFFECT OF VALVE OPERATING PRESSURE ON
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC
Reverse acting actuator, air-to-open, direct acting valve - normally closed

EFFECT OF VALVE OPERATING PRESSURE ON
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC
Direct acting actuator, air-to-close, direct acting valve - normally open

problems
• Larger valves have greater areas for the
differential pressure to act over, thus increasing
the forces generated, and having an increasing
effect on valve position.
• Higher differential pressures mean that higher
forces are generated.
• Valves and actuators create friction, causing
hysteresis. Smaller valves are likely to have
greater friction relative to the total forces
involved.
A = Effective area of diaphragm
Pmax = Maximum pressure to actuator
(normally 1.2 bar)
Smax= Maximum bench setting of spring
Pmin= Minimum pressure to actuator
(normally 0 bar)
Smin = Minimum bench setting of spring
•
The thrust available to close the valve has to

provide three functions:
1. To overcome the fluid differential pressure at
the closed position.
2. To overcome friction in the valve and actuator,
primarily at the valve and actuator stem seals.
3. To provide a sealing load between the valve
plug and valve seat to ensure the required
degree of tightness.
For many applications, the
0.2 to 1 bar pressure in the
diaphragm chamber may not
be enough to cope with
POSITIONER
friction and high differential
pressures. A higher control
pressure and stronger springs
could be used, but the
practical solution is to use a
positioner.
This is an additional item ,

which is usually fitted to the
yoke or pillars of the actuator,
and it is linked to the spindle
of the actuator by a feedback
arm in order to monitor the
valve position. It requires its
own higher-pressure air
supply, which it uses to
position the valve.
Example: Taking a PN5400 series actuator fitted to a
DN50 valve (see Table in Figure 6.6.10)
1. With a standard 0.2 to 1.0 bar spring range (PN5420),
the maximum allowable differential pressure is 3.0 bar.
2. With a 1.0 to 2.0 bar spring set (PN5426), the
maximum allowable differential pressure is increased
to 13.3 bar.
• With the second option, the 0.2 to 1.0 bar signal air pressure applied to
the actuator diaphragm cannot provide sufficient force to move an
actuator against the force provided by the 1.0 to 2.0 bar springs, and
even less able to control it over its full operating range. In these
circumstances the positioner acts as an amplifier to the control signal,
and modulates the supply air pressure, to move the actuator to a
position appropriate to the control signal pressure.
For example, if the control signal was 0.6 bar (50% valve lift), the
positioner would need to allow approximately 1.5 bar into the actuator
diaphragm chamber. Next Slide Figure illustrates this relationship.
•
Summary - Positioners
1. A positioner ensures that there is a linear relationship between the
signal input pressure from the control system and the position of
the control valve. This means that for a given input signal, the
valve will always attempt to maintain the same position regardless
of changes in valve differential pressure, stem friction, diaphragm
hysteresis and so on.
2. A positioner may be used as a signal amplifier or booster. It
accepts a low pressure air control signal and, by using its own
higher pressure input, multiplies this to provide a higher pressure
output air signal to the actuator diaphragm, if required, to ensure
that the valve reaches the desired position.
3. Some positioners incorporate an electropneumatic converter so
that an electrical input (typically 4 - 20 mA) can be used to control
a pneumatic valve.
4. Some positioners can also act as basic controllers, accepting input
from sensors.
When should a positioner be fitted?
1. When accurate valve positioning is required.

2. To speed up the valve response. The positioner uses
higher pressure and greater air flow to adjust the
valve position.
3. To increase the pressure that a particular actuator
and valve can close against. (To act as an amplifier).
4. Where friction in the valve (especially the packing)
would cause unacceptable hysteresis.
5. To linearise a non-linear actuator.
6. Where varying differential pressures within the fluid
would cause the plug position to vary.
ROTARY PNEUMATIC
ACTUATOR
HYDRAULIC AND
PNEUMATIC
BASIC HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC POWER
HYDRAULIC PNEUMATIC
HUKUM PASCAL
PERBANDINGAN SISTEM
MEKANIK DAN HYDRAULIC
SINGLE ACTING
RAM CYLINDER
TELESCOPIC RAM
CYLINDER
PISTON AND ROD CYLINDER
SINGLE ACTING
SPRING RETURN AND EXTEND
TANDEM CYLINDER
TANDEM CYLINDER
DOUBLE ROD CYLINDER
NON ROTATING ROD
CYLINDER
ROD LESS CYLINDER
LINEAR ACTUATOR
(JENIS LAIN)
MENENTUKAN UKURAN
AKTUATOR LINEAR
SEAL
HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
CUSHION
KEKUATAN BATANG
SILINDER DAN BUKLING
SYMBOLS
CHECK VALVE
PILOT OPERATED CHECK VALVE

AKTUATOR

Uploaded by

AKTUATOR

Uploaded by

AKTUATOR

Reverse acting actuator, air-to-open, direct acting valve - normally closed

Direct acting actuator, air-to-close, direct acting valve - normally open

The thrust available to close the valve has to

This is an additional item ,

1. When accurate valve positioning is required.

You might also like