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Photo : Wichit
Photo : Wichit
Photo : SHAN
INDEPENDENCE
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4 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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6 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
ule;f Omefjxdw
l xhf ;B ndubf vkujf e.iuhf Ofb
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uAi;f [Bm;? zlj,mrfjzmufjumef ndubf vkujf e.iuhf Ofb emefoOkd uhf p l )f ? yDje.ix hf ;B ? vki;f arM OmefjwMj v.Bw.uf;y.uf; ,mefr.ufj 200 rD@wldOf@-
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(qmif;okefhOlb) qOfjrdlif;vB.arMb
1945 nMb,k (11) yD vBjugMb[Aef;vdufjwDj=if;[Aef;tcb
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auMUyAefcdif;o.efyefyM; umefzkufbolefzuf;?
olefeAifj? zdkuf;vAifhrMU/
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w.efjwMbvdkyfjwdkuf; KMT eefh qOfjckefoMb qifbugMb
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1962 OBm;qkrf;okduf;rmefjaebOdef; [kyfj,dkwf;nMbeMb,Ofh
vBjncgmifhyluf;wifjqkrf;uMbuB.ba,;vB.arMbyAefwmif;umef?
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ayMjtrj qOfjckefnBmj (qmif;ydif;,mOf) emif;oFifqkrfb Omefj[defwFufbefg;[mifyDeehf/ ylOfbawbOdifb ugMbcOfj=rfj
eMj=de;f ulyfhuljudkuf;emif;vDbulphf,dif; rldOfj 1956 KMT zkdefhOBmb SUA /
(oAijf rkef 1993) 1967 vBjwdkuf;uefwif;odkuf;tcbzdlufb KMT wDjOmefjugmefh
vkufjvmif; emif;vlif (cqdwfb)? qBm;qmrfbrdlif; (zB;qle@f )? efg;vdefvmOf;[drf;Zifbc.if nefqdkOfj,fgbudkuf;ydkef; OMj
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qBm;qmrfbrsmwfj (zB;omef)? emif;vAufh (<) wyfhvdefvmOf;/ (OBm;eefhvBjcdkef;urfjz.ifj/)
qBm;qmrfbrsMU (zdxufh) 1969 Oef;xd 19_10_1969 rmefj+ifhugMbql;iOfjikef;wldif;okduf;
rD;vkufj,dif;auMUedkifjudkuf;emif;wdyfh y.wf;n.ufb (,UyUc) vBjxkufbqkrf;okduf;rmefj (vlify.if
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qOfjckefusDb qOfjrdlif; (rAOfhqM;) rdlif;w.rf; (rmef;wav;)? qOfjZMUvif (qmif;ol;cgsef)
8 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007
INDEPENDENCE
n.ef=Of,dyf;ukrf;wyfhodkuf; SUA cOfjxde l bf TRC/TRA rdO
l jf 3_3_1985 (nefqOfju.e;f qdil ;f
[Awf;nlpf;vD wyfhodkuf;qdkifjwB; SSA / SURA wif; qOfjqmrfrbgf SSA cOf=rfj+rf;uef
1973 odkuf;wmrf;qfguFrfwlOfqOfjckefoMb csMbvDb,if; auMbwifj 1_4_1984) OBm;eefh vFufjvBmjqdkOfj
n.ef=Ofulef;rlbedkifj zmrf;wlOf[Awf;odkuf;rmefj TRC/TRA yAef SSRC/SSA rfgb?
ugMbwdarM,M'wfo h sLOd @f ef;g =if;,Mwlejf wD; [yfhwef;[Aif;yAef q.rfy.ifodkuf;/
rdlOfj 16_4_1973 nOf[Awf;crf;wBmwmif (hostage)
w.ejf wMbvFujf nOfqOfjckeo f Mb- urfue d ;f {jrmefjyBb. wef;[Ai;f umefri
ld ;f
n.ufbc.ufj/ nOf'wf;odsLOf@ 2 auMU ugMb,lbq.rf; 1986 n.e=f OfauMbwifjiOfjike;f wDj=Ofrild ;f ylu;f y.i{f jcde k jf ,fbg
wDjtrjarMjyDyBm/ udkef;c.efj/ ndifedlOfzljy.ifumefodkuf; qOfjZMUvif
1974 qkrf;odkuf;rmefj BSPP (rov) yBb. wlOq f Ofjckeo f Mb n.eyf w k jf vBmjaotwbqfUg wdOk ;f qdOk jf oAif MTA rM;/
n.ufbc.ufjaowMU yB.bodkuf;q.yfbcmOfb MIS q.rf;wlpf; wef;[Aif;ZBmbumefrdlif;yAefuFrf=OfyOfj SSRC /
nrfbcmwfboBmwM {j,lbefg;OAif;vdlOfbulpf;/ 1987 qdoifbcwf;qfguAyf;okduf;? +rfokduf;? +rfu.ifj?
1976 v.rv f rF of w . o hf wF o hf i. n
hf u. bf OAi;f cOfjxde l bf rdOl jf zkduf;z.efhzljn.ef=Of/
7_2_1976 =yfhxlyf;cdkef;qkrf;qdlOf;vkufje.ifh efg;rdlif;wB;? 1988 vkufj[Aef;vkufh[kdefb (8) oDbwlOf efg;rldif;rmefjyBmjql;
OBm;eefhvlif;rM;wDjOmefj[defwFufby.ufjurf;o.if/ MTA z.ifj/ +rfokduf;? u.ifj-rmufb? zdkuf;z.efhzljn.ef=Of/
1977 [yfhxlyf; usLOf@[email protected] 1989 twbyAefymifwkduf;vlif[mOfj[Fif; wDjvB.vmif;
vFwo hf wf Old @f OkyZ hf f z.if;wFef;ozM; nar@'dcef@ nefOdlphfoFOfbuif; ugMb=pf;qefokduf; UWSA
nef[yfhwef;[Aif;yAef=OfyOfjauMurfumefZBmb,MjrOf;urf ymifomif;vlif;rM;qB.j,dkOf;? wdkuf;uef[mOfj[Fif;/
ef;g vliyf i. q f ikd jf nar@'dcOld @f rdOl jf 16_4_1977 1991 vBjxkubf vdul jf wifjyAe=f OfyOfjc.ibf oDbtr;y.iq f ikd jf wB;
,dkefjwmifbzFefumef 6 yD wMbzAOfjrlpfh,MjZdefb SSRC nefyAefqkrf;umefrdlif;n.ef=Of MTA ykwfjwFef;
efg;rdlif;wB;/ OBm;eefhvBjxkufbqkrf;vlify.ifqdkifj qOfju.e;f qdil ;f nefow k ;f rkerf Old jf 11_7_1991 /
usrd @f rD@cM@wdOl @f ywf;ymufjyFwfj/ 1992 twbn.ef[Awf;ymifukrfvlifzljwmifwlOfulef;rdlif;_oifc
1979 wyfUrmefjxlOf;okduf;rldif;wB;y.wf;+ifb cmOf;wmif; 6 vldef (uljndil bf _aq@OAi;f rdil ;f wB;ywf;yde k )hf cOfj=rfjeyf[h iA /f
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1980 qOfjckefoMbckdef;cBmUrM;,lbwDja[Mrfgb[dew f Fufb 1993 ydkefzmOfbrdlif;wB;u.ef;acM-[yfhwef;[Aif;yAefq.rfqdkifj
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1982 odkuf;xB; (wyfhyvdufjvFefvdef) cdkefjwdkuf;qkrf;odkuf; yef[Fif;qfgeMjodkuf; efg;vdlefar@ rdOl jf qOfj,.wjf oduk ;f
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wmif; rlid ;f ,.e;f / qOfjckeo f MbOMj DEA nar@'dcOld @f zdkefhOBmbzmwfbn.ufb MTA rdlOfj 6_6_1995 /
qmifjxB;,dOk ;f / Omif;zFeyf b.B ule;f wdw;f awMbr.eif e dk ;f ugMbylu;f wifj wyfo h ukd ;f qdOl qhf mwfjqdik jf wB; SSNA tvj
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1996 qOfjckefoMb wif; qOfjZMUvif (qmif;ol;cgsef) n.ef=Of ]nOfui. jf umifbvFujf nOfvi. jf irf;,Ae}f wif; qkrf;odkuf;rmefj
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2004 ayM;OMj q.rfodkuf;vlifcdefbpkefh vBjxkufbylwf;x.ef ,OfhauMjvBj[yfhnekpmwfj cBmUrdlOf;,lb=def; wDjwkOe k bf erAOfhwdwfh
efg;wMjukifj- wdkufhvBj,lbwfgjwyfhq.yfbcmOfbZBmb=rfbvlrjf MAS vlvr. /f
2007 oAifjrkefwDj=def; rdlOfjOef;xd 28_10_07 ,mrf; 06;00 rlif; vlpfjwmif;yAefvdlwfjokif? ,AOfjOmef? wBmzmufb
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10 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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12 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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14 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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16 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007
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18 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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20 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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22 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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24 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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wGif tzcGeftkdufESifh trd eef;qkdifZkrfwkd@rS o#rf;jynfajrmufykdif;
wef@,ef;®r@e,f vG,af rmftyk pf k zmzif±h mG wGif arG;zGm;onf? cGeq f m
ESifhcGefikd@wkd@OD;pD;onfh vG,farmfumuG,fa&;wyfukd 1960 ck
Zefe0g&Dv 6 &ufwGifpwifwnfaxmifcJh.? 1964 *|efv 15 &uf
Photo : SHAN
wGiaf wmckI d Akvd af w0def OD;pD;onfwh yfEiS yhf ;l aygi;f +yD; SUA o#r;f nD
!Gwfa&;wyfzGJ@ukd wnfaxmifcJh.? 1967 *sLvkdif 6 rS 9 &ufae@
1996 ESpfOD;ykdif;u ppftpkd;&xH vufeufcscJhaom MTA txd a±$}wd*aH 'owGif cGeq f m. vG,af rmf umuG,af &;wyfz@JG ESihf
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[kdrdef;XmecsKyfY ppftpkd;&xH tºuGif;rJhvufeufcs+yD;
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rdb - 0de;f iif;apmfbmG ; wmhazgi;f ac: p0fqikd rf ed ;f crf;
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arG;csi;f - 4 a,muf (eef;atmif/ cGefarmif/ cGefaumf
ESifh eef;Zrfyg)
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om;orD; - 4 a,mufxGef;um;
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0 trsK;d om; wyfrawmf acgi;f aqmif wmhr[mqef;onf
atmufwkdbmv 29 &uf reuf 1 em&Du tqkwfa&m*gjzifh 1964 - xdkif;EdkifiHcsdef;±kdif;c±dkif r,fqavmif;Y
xkdif;EkdifiH csif;rkdif®r@ ygiJhaq;±kHY uG,fvGefoGm;ygonf? ppfynmoif=um;cJh
touf 62 ESpft±G,f 0acgif;aqmif r[mqef;. ±kyf 1966 - 0def;iif;wyfzGJ@. 'k wyfr–;tjzpfcef@tyfcH&
tavmif;tm; csif;rkdif 0wfxghu'wf ausmif;wdkufokd@ykd@aqmif 1967 - aemifawmf p0fr[macgiu f ,
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xm;I 5-6 &ufcef@w&m;emtv–t'gef;ðy+yD;aemuf Ekd0ifbm 4 apmfbGm;t±dkuft&mcH,l
&ufae@vnf 1 em&DtcsdefwGif 0wfxghu'wf ausmif;wkdufrS 1968 - 0 e,fusL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmaom Arm
p0fqkdifppf (cGef=umEk) tm; rD;oò*õvfonfh ok\mefjy\'fokd@ jynfuGefjrLepfygwDtm; ckcHwGef;vSef
o,faqmifrD;oò*õvfvkdufonf[k 4if;. ZeD;uajymjyonf? 1971 - oHvGifjrpftaemufzufurf; wef@,ef;®r@
“wmhr[mqef;&J@ vkyfazmfukdifzuf/ rdwfaqGtaygif; e,fodk@ XmecsKyfa±$@ajymif;
toif;tm;vk;H ol@&J@ tokbtcrf;tem;ukd vma&mufy@dk aqmif 1973 - vufeufcs&ef rqvtpdk;&u tusyfukdif
=uzkd@usrzdwfac:cJhw,f? 'gayrJh usrrSm Armpum;rajymwwfwJh ojzifh vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &; pwifqifEJ$
tm;enf;csuf±Sdygw,f? rdwfaqGrsm;tm;vkH; usrukd cGifhvGwfem; 1976 - 0 trsKd;om;tzGJ@csKyf (WNO) ESifh0 trsKd;
vnfay;=uvdrfhr,fvkd@ usrar#mfvifhygw,f”[k touf 58 ESpf om;wyfrawmf (WNA) OD;aqmifzGJ@pnf;
t±G,f eef;=umEk ac: vD,Of±Sif;u ajymonf? 1978 - nD!Gwfaom o#rf;jynfawmfvSefa&; wyfr
&ifusyfa&m*g/ tqkwfa&mifa&m*g/ tm±kHa=umtm;enf; awmf(SURA)ESifh yl;aygif;
a&m*gwkd@a=umifh vGefcJhonfh 2 vuwnf;u csif;rkdif axmif}uD;rS 1980 - r,fatme,f vGKd if0a[hwiG f ÏmecsKyf zGiv hf pS f
ecGef;zif;aq;±kH (okd@) ygiJhaq;±kHokd@ ajymif;a±$@ukor_cH,lcJhonf[k I zmhAdkvfuef;aqESifh tdkifqa,mif;aqwdk@
qkd.? OD;aqmifonfh 0tzGJ@rsm;jzifh nD!Gwfa&;
uG,fvGefol 0 acgif;aqmif r[mqef;onf rl;,pf&mZm wnfaqmuf
a0ha±Smifuef;ESifh yl;aygif;I rl;,pfaq;0g;a&mif;0,fr_pGJcsufjzifh 1983 - trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDwyfOD; (NDF) tzGJ@0if
xkdif;EkdifiHcsif;rkdif®r@ qefqkdif;&yfuGuf±Sd 4if;.aetdrfwGif ,ckESpf 1989 - UWSA XmecsKyfyefqef;odk@ r'w (NDF)
rwfv 6 &ufuxyfrHtzrf;cHcJh&jyefonf?2005 *sLvkdifwGifwpfcg ud,k pf m;vS,t f zJ@G udk OD;aqmifomG ;/ UWSA
tzrf;cH&+yD; jyefvGwfvmcJhonf? ±kH;wuf tr_ppfaq;pOf uGif;vkH; .txifrSm;r_a=umifh txdef;odrf;cH&/ ESpfv
u|wfuif;vGwfcgeD;/ vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif; 20 cef@u e,fjcm;apmifh =umrS xGufajy;vGwfajrmufvm?
26 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
xkdif;&JwyfzGJ@tm; 4if;.wyfzGJ@tay: trdef@ay; ypfowfckdif;onfh 1994 - r'w (NDF) 'k OuUÏ tjzpfa±G;aumufcH&
tr_jzifh jyefvnfpGJcsufwifcH&ojzifh uG,fvGefcsdeftxd qufvuf 1998 - ytdk0f;/yavmif/vm;[l/o#rf;wyfzGJ@rsm;
zrf;qD; axmifcsjcif;cHcJh&onf? ESifhyl;aygif;I nD!GwfaomtrsKd;om;aygif;pHk
r[mqef;tzrf;cHc&hJ +yD;aemufyidk ;f xkid ;f Ekid if rH ,fah [mifq h eG f o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf (UNSSA) zJG@pnf;
c±kid /f 0rf&h wfxidk ;f ±GmESihf rsuEf mS csi;f qkid v
f ,G 0f a[hwyfpcef;rS 4if;. 2000 - o#rf;jynftajccHzGJ@pnf;yHkOya'rl=urf;a&;
0trsKd;om;wyfrawmfwm0efrsm;ukd 'kAkdvfr–;}uD; Akdvfwkdufrdef;u qGJa&; aumfr&Sif (SSCDC) yg0ifzGJ@pnf;
xrf;aqmifvmcJo h nfrmS vGecf o hJ nfEh pS f uwnf;ujzpf.? WNA 2001 - a&m*ga=umifh aq;±kHwufcGJpdwfukor_cH,l
0trsKd;om;wyfrawmfonf u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t±kH; KNU 2007 - 29/ 10/ 07 tqkwfqdk@usyfr_a&m*gjzifh
u,m;trsKd;om;wkd;wufa&;ygwD KNPP wkd@yg0ifaom NDF uG,v f eG f Ô
National Democratic Front trsKd; om;'Drkdu&ufwpfwyfOD;.
tzGJ@0ifvnf;jzpfonf?
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0de;f iif;®r@apmfbmG ; tz wmhazmif;ESihf trd eef;vlw@dk rS arG;zGm;onfh
om;OD;jzpfonf? wmhr[mqef;OD;aqmifonfh 0 trsKd;om;tzGJ@
WNA /0 wyfrawmf WNO .rlvtajccHrt l csK@d rSm (1) uGejf rLepf
pepfqef@usiaf &;/ (2) etzppftpk;d &ESihf typftcwfr&yfpaJ &;wk@d
jzpfygonf? PSLF twGif;a&;r–; rkdif;tkdufzkef;onf wmhr[mqef;
. orD;axG;ESifh tdrfaxmifusonf? ,cktcg ZeD;eef;=umEk ac:
vD,Of±Sif;ESifh orD;okH;a,muf usef&pfonf? Ô
Photo : SHAN

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tmqD,HOuUX puFmylEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; a*smh,kd;u az:xkwfcJh vdk@ ajymvdk@&ygw,f?”
vdk@ jzpfygw,f? ( BLC twGif;a&;r–; OD;atmifxl;)
“=um;vdu k w f t hJ ay:rSm t}uD;tus,pf w d yf surf yd gw,f?
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vufvGwfpyg,fajymw,f vdk@bJ,lqw,f? jzpfwJhjy\emu apwemxm;jcif;[mtxufyikd ;f uyk*Kd~ vfawGtay:rSmbJp;D yGm;a&;
ordik ;f a=umif;ay:rSmtajccH+yD;awmh wdik ;f &if;om;awG &oif&h xdu k f t& apwemxm;&ifxm;zdk@bJ±Sdygw,f? jrefrmvlrsKd;awGtay:
wJt h cGiahf &; awmif;wJt h ay:rSm t"dygü ,ef m;vnfrv _ rJG mS ; zGiwhf ,f apwemxm;+yD;ajymw,fv@kd usrur,lqygb;l ?wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d
vd@k bJ ,lqygw,f? wdik ;f &if;om;jy\em[m ppfreS pf mG ajz±Si;f vd@k awGta=umif;b,favmufov d @kd vJ vd@k usruar;csiyf gw,f?Edik if H
&w,f? ajz±Sif;EdkifwJh jy\emjzpfw,f? ®yuGJEdkifwJhta=umif; r±Sd a&;vkyfae=uwJhyk*~dKvfawG/ acgif;aqmifydkif;jzpfwJh a':atmifqef;
bl;vdk@ jrifygw,f?” pk=unftygt0if NLD ygw0D ifawG[m Edik if aH &;t&a&m vlrsK;d a&;
“wkid ;f &if;om;awG=um;rSm wef;wltcGit hf a&;udk Edik if aH &; t&yg wdkif;&if;om;aygif;pHkeJ@ zGJ@pnf;xm;wJh CRPP qdkwm±Sdyg
t& ay;&rJh (yifvHkpmcsKyfudktajccH+yD;awmh ay;&rJh) wef;wltcGifh w,f?'DudpP[m usrwdk@ylyif&rJhudpPjzpfovdk usrwdk@acgif;aqmif
ta&;udk zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhtnD ay;a&;jy\emu quf±Sd udk,fwdkif tawG;xJrSm awG;xm;wJhudpPjzpfwJhtwGuf tmqD,H
aew,f?1947 tajccHOya'rSmvJ wef;wltcGit hf a&;az:aqmifwhJ 0ef}uD;tzJ@G awGu apwemeJ@ajymw,fqw kd m b,fvekd @J rS r,HEk ikd f
tcgrSm tm;enf;csufawG±SdcJhw,f? ydkqdk;wmu 1974 zJG@pnf;yHk ygbl;?”
tajccHOya'u ydkqdk;oGm;w,f? rqv wygwDpepfatmufrSm
wef;wltcGit hf a&;udk tajccH+yD;az:xm;wJh vGwaf wmf 2 &yfawmif
r±Sad wmhb;l ? tck etztrsK;d om;nDvmcHrt l &qd&k if wdik ;f &if;om;
awG wef;wltcGit hf a&;uyd+k yD; qd;k oGm;wmjzpfw,f? bma=umifv h J
qdak wmh vGwv f yfa&;&+yD; 'DbufacwfrmS =unfrh ,fq&kd if zG@J pnf;yHk
tajccHOya' oGm;wJv h rf;a=umif;u Rigid Centralization vd@k ac:
wJh yd+k yD;wif;usyw f hJ wjynfaxmifpepfukd wqif+h yD;wqifh yd+k yD;az:
aqmifvmw,f?1947 tajccHOya'rSmoifhoifh avsmufywfwJh
tcGifhta&;udk wdkif;&if;om;awG &±Sd+yDvdk@ ajymvdk@&w,f? 1974
Oya'rSmydq k ;kd oGm;w,f? tck etz qGx J m;wJh zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHru l
tqdk;qHk;jzpfw,f? tjcm;wbufrSm wdkif;&if;om;awG&J@ zGJ@pnf;
yHka&;qGJa&;vkyfief;pOf[m jzpfpOfESpfckeJ@oGm;aew,f? wcku
jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;eJ@qdkifwJh Federal ay:rSm tajccHwJhjynf
axmifpk wnfaqmufyHkpepfudk trsKd;om;aumifpD NCUB u
OD;aqmif+yD;zG@J pnf;yHak &;qGaJ &; vkyif ef;pOfw&yf±adS ew,f? wcsed x f J a':pENm0if;
rSm Ethnic Nationalities Council vd@k ac:wJh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;
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wma=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;awG=um;xJrmS n‡Ed id_ ;f wJ/h aqG;aEG;wJh Pro- awmh wbufowftjrifav;awG ±Sd=uygw,f? tckaetcgrSm
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28 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
oabmaygufvmwJhtcg wdkif;&if;om;awG&J@pdwfxJrSm 'DpdwfawG aqmifawGvJ ±SdcJhygw,f? 'gb,folrSjiif;vdk@r&ygbl;?'gayrJhvdk@
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yk*~dKvfrsKd;udk jynfaxmifpkr®yuGJa&;twGuf toHk;cs&aumif;rSef;
Edik if H wdik ;f &if;om;ta=umif;rodbeJ @J e0wtouf±n S zf @kd twGuf
vnf; olw@kd rodb;l / em;vnf;rvnfb;l ? tJ'ga=umifrh @kd axmifEpS f
ajymaewJ@pum;omjzpfygw,f?”
±Sncf sypfw,f? ige@J rwl ig&h efoq l +kd yD;awmh ESyd pf ufz@kd yJwwfwhJ 'Dppf
“wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfeJ@ trsKd;om;
acgi;f aqmifwpkuom oufq;dk ±Snaf ejcif;uomv#if jynfaxmifpk
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@ Adkvfatmifausmfvrf; oabmwlnDcsufeJ@
}uD;®yuGJa&;twGuf wu,fh&efoljzpfaewm?”
oabmwlaqmif±u G af e=uygw,f? jynfo@l vGwaf wmfu, kd pf m;ðy
“ Federal jynfaxmifpkpepfudk jynfwGif;uolawG awmf
aumfrwD CRPP rSmvJ wdik ;f &if;om;tzJ@G aygi;f pHyk g0ifvmygw,f?
awmfrsm;rsm;u cGx J u G af &;vd@k bJem;vnfw,f? wu,fh t"dymü ,f
oabmw&m;tm;jzifh wdik ;f &if;om;eJ@ NLD ,H=k unfrw _ nfaqmuf
rSefudku ±Sif;ygw,f? emrnfudku Federal jynfaxmifpkpepfvdk@
vdk@&ygw,f? 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawG oabmw&m;jynfh0vm+yD;
ac:wm?”
awmh jynfaxmifpkr®yuGJa&; vlrsKd;aygif;pHkwJhrludk oabmayguf
“ArmvlrsKd;pk trsm;pkuawmh AdkvfcsKyfae0if; vufxuf
aqmif±Gufaewmudk awG@&ygw,f?”
uwnf;u oifvmwJh jynfaxmifpk®yuGJw,fqdkwJh t,ltqeJ@
}uD;jyif;vmwJhvlawGjzpfygw,f?'Dt,ltq/ tpGJtvrf;awG±Sdae
(&ckdifjynf rif;jym; ALD-MP OD;xGef;0if;)
ao;awmholwdk@em;vnfatmifvkyfzdk@u tm;vkH;&J@wm0efyg?”
“pD;yGm;a&;tusKd;tjrwftwGuf etzudk vmbfxdk;+yD; (*syefrS BBC y&dwfowf- OD;pdef)
ajymwmvd@k jrifygw,f?jynfaxmifpak z:aqmifz@kd twGuf wdik ;f &if;
om;awG ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm toufaoG;ac|;&if;&wJt
h ay:rSm tckvkd “wdik ;f &if;om;udpeP @J ywfouf+yD; ordik ;f taxmuftxm;
vG,fulul oHk;oyfvdkufwmu ravsmfuefwJhudpPyg?” rSmawmh OD;ae0if;u tm%modr;f vd@k aumif;atmif ta=umif;jycJh
“tkyfcsKyfwJholawGu ArmawGqdkawmh tkyfcsKyfcH&wJh ol wm?wdik ;f &if;om;jy\emu Federal qdw k m vGwv f yfa&;awmif;
awGu rke;f wD;wmobm0bJ? axmifxu J tawG@tóuHukd ajymjy wmr[kwfbl;? 'guudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;? 1947 zGJ@pnf;yHktajccH
csifygw,f? usaemfwdk@twdwfwkef;u Armrsm;eJ@ wdkif;&if;om; Oya't& ay;udkay;oifhwJhudpP? wdkif;jynf®yuGJp&m ta=umif;r±Sd
rsm;t=um;rSm trkef;w&m;awGtEdkifusifhwmawG±SdcJhygw,f?” bl;? ppfwyfu tm%mvkcsiaf wmh 'gut kd a=umif;jywmjzpfw,f?
“wu,fhArmvlrsKd;}uD;0g'udk usifhoHk;=uwJh Armacgif; puFmylvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHtay: pdwf&if;apwemaumif;xm; ajym

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+cHpnf;±k;d aemufu, G rf mS ±kyjf ytaeeJ@aeoifw h ,fv@kd ajymvdak jym/
OD;ausmZf o
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oHCmta&;tcif;jzpfvmawmh vDuGrf,kudk,fwdkifu jrefrmEdkifiH
VOA 13 th
Nov, 2'07 (nydkif;)
[mtcsed jf ynfah yguuf EJG ikd w
f AhJ ;kH vk@d ajymvdak jym/olw@kd u jrefrmEdik if H
a&;ta=umif; odwmr[kwfbl;? ppftpdk;&udkwbufrSm trsKd;rsKd; jynfoEl idk rf nfrck s
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rywfoufbl;qdkwmtcdkiftrmajym&Jygw,f? usaemfu rqv ppfom;u vkyf}uHzefwD;wJh zGJpnf;ykH tajccHOya'ukd
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+yD; avhvmcJ&h w,f? usaemfu, kd w f ikd f ArmvlrsK;d ppfppfyg? wdik ;f &if; ppfwyfe@J vlxw k u
dk yf JG ay:ayguv
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om;eJ@ywfouf+yD; ppftpdk;&eJ@ EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynftcsKd@u ajymwJh ±dpS +rJb/J 'gayrJh jynfoel @J ppftm%mykid w
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(ukdrD;cJ r,f&DvJef;)
tkxkdif; zif;*sKdifc|ef; (15/8/2007)
,cifxkdif;tajccHOya' rl=urf;a&;qGJa&;aumfr±Sif tzGJ@0if
“Federal jynfaxmifpk zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk wu,f
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[m jynfaxmifpk 8 jynfe,f rSmygw,fvdk@ avhvm&ygw,f?” tok;H cscH rjzpfe‹J
“Armudv k nf; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkawGvb kd J jynfe,fwck
etz tajccHOya'opftwGuf vlxkqENcH,lyGJvkyfcJh&if
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rJqENay;ykdifcGifh±dSol vlxktzkd@ rdrd&J@ukd,fykdif tod^m%fqkH;jzwf
ta&;taeeJ@ajym&&if ArmqdkwmvJvlrsKd;pkwckbJ? vlrsKd;pkwck
csuf ( 0dpm&%^m%f) ukd owd±dS±Sd csifhcsifhcsdefcsdef tokH;cs+yD; wkdif;
taeeJ@bJ owfrSwf&rSm? 'gayrJh vlrsKd;pkwcktaeeJ@ vlOD;a&rsm;
jynf&@J uH=urRmtwGuf tav;xm; OD;pm;ay;&ygr,f?ppftm%m
wmud k t cG i f h a umif ; ,l + yD ; Armvl r sKd ; }uD ; 0g'xm;w,f q d k w m
±SifawG&J@ tokH;cscH ckwkH;tjzpf rusa&mufrdzkd@ t"dujzpfw,f?
yGifhyGifhvif; vif;ajym&&if pdwf&if;apwemrrSefwJhol/ tcGifhta&;
,lcsiw f ohJ &l @J ,lqcsuyf g? pdw&f if;apwmrSeef @J ajym&&if ArmvlrsK;d
AÀm"dum& (18/ 8/ 07)
uvnf; Armwusyf/ o#rf;wusyf jzpfudkjzpf&rJhudpP?”
“rauG;[m wdkif;eJ@jynfe,f 14 ckcGJxm;wJhtxJrSm
jynfe,fwckeJ@ wef;wl&xm;wJhwdkif; jzpfygw,f? ArmwckvHk;udk
aygif;+yD;awmh 8 jynfe,fpepfeJ@ Federal jynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;&if
Armjynfoal wG vufcEH idk f atmifajym&rSmbJ±iS ?hf Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;
vufcHatmif wwfEdkifor#ajym&rSmbJ? wef;wl&nfwlpum;t&
qdkvdk@±Sd&if wef;wl&nfwlay;udkay;&r,f? ±Sdudk±Sd&r,f? vHk;0
uef@uGufp&mr±Sdygbl;? vufcHygw,f?”
“o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf cGefxGef;OD;u
bmajymvJqakd wmh jynfaxmifpx k u
J cGxJ u G w f m[mjynfaxmifpk
òyuGJa&;jzpfygw,f?'gudkqef@usifuef@uGufygw,f?jynfaxmifpk
ppfppfurkd az:aqmifEikd w f muvJ jynfaxmifpu k òkd yuGaJ pEdik yf gw,f
wJh?1993 nDvmcHrSm 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawGa&m wdkif;&if;om;
tiftm;pkawGyg tm;vHk;wifoGif;cJh=uwmu vGwfawmf 2 &yfeJ@
jynfaxmifpkppfppfrlyg? NLD yg0ifzGJ@pnf;xm;wJh vGwfawmfudk,f
pm;ðyaumfrwD CRPP rluvJbJ jynfaxmifpkppfppfrljzpfygw,f?
8 jynfe,frel @J bJz@JG r,fv@kd used ;f aoawmhr±Syd gb;l ?e,fpyfrmS a&;qGJ
aewJhzGJ@pnf;yHkudk avhvmwJhtcgrSm vlrsKd;udktajccHwJh trsKd;om;
jynfe,fawGvJ±Sd&r,f? a'oudktajccHwJh trsKd;om;jynfe,fawG
30 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
*rfbm&Davmufawmh&w
D maygh
rpPwm*rfbm&De@J ukvor*~tcef;u¾ukd etzwk@d em; =uyg qk+d yD; olw@dk ukd zdwaf c:vk@d +idr;f csr;f a&;awG vkyo f mG ;=uw,f?
rvnfbl;vkd@ Oa&myjrefrm±kH; EBO 'g±kdufwm OD;[efa,mifa[G@ 'gayrJh apmif&h if;apmif&h if; b,fvrdk rS jzpfvmbl;? trsK;d om;nDvmcH
u tckvkd ajymygw,f? rSm vmwufyg? tJ'DrSmaqG;aEG;vkd@&ygw,fvkd@ajymw,f? typf
“*rfbm&D&J@ vkyfykdifcGifhukd olwkd@em;rvnfbl;vkd@ usaemf tcwf&yfpJa&;tzGJ@awGuvnf; oGm;wufw,f? olwkd@tpD&if
jrifygw,f?bma=umifv h q J &dk if*rfbm&Du etzeJ@a':pkpum;ajym cHpmawGwifw,f? olwkd@awmif;qkdwJh tcsuftvufawGukd
a&;ukd wm0efay;cH&ygw,f? Ekid if w H umuzdtm;ay;wJu P v
h pd o l ;Hk 0 wpfckrS*±krpkdufcJhbl;? tJ'Daemufykdif; a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@
rykdifbl;? zdtm;ay;wJhudpPu ukvor*~eJ@vJrqkdifbl;? ,ltufpf/ 2000 up+yD;awmhrS pum;ajymvmwJah e&mrSm ukvor*~bufu
tD;,lw@dk rSm vkyyf idk cf iG ±hf aSd ew,f?qkad wmh *rfbm&DtaeeJ@ b,fvrdk S &mZmvDvmulayrJh bmrSta=umif;rxl;cJhbl;? 'DwpfacgufvJ
oGm;wm;vkd@r&bl;? vlxkeJ@bkef;}uD;awGukd etz=urf;=urf;wrf; etzu Home Grown olw@dk eJ@a':pke@J bJajymr,fqdk 'gu,kwrdW ±Sd
wrf;zdESdyfxm;wJhudpPukd olwkd@uwkef@jyefwmjzpfw,f?*rfbm&Du bl;vk@d usaemfw@dk jrifygw,f? bma=umifv h q
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b,fvrdk w S m;qD;vk@d r&bl;? qkad wmh tJ'aD e&mrSm olw@dk em;vnfr_ wu,frvkyfcJhbl;?”
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jzpfEkdifw,f?” awG @ zk d @ oif h w ,f ? *rf b m&D & J @ tqif h u tJ ' D t qif h j zpf w ,f ?
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ywfoufvkd@- wumu=unfhvJ etzu *rfbm&Dukd *±krpkdufbl;? vmulay;wJh
“jzpfEkdif&if taumif;qkH;vkd@ajymvkd@&ygw,f? 'gayrJh vlukd jiif;y,faew,f? ±Sif;vif;yGJvkyf+yD;vJ jiif;y,fw,fqkdwm
orkdif;ukdjyef=unfh&ifawmh rjzpfEkdifwJh tvm;tvmawG jrif& awmfawmfqkd;wJh tajctaevkd@ ajymvkd@&ygw,f?”
w,f? etzu wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk t f zG@J awGe@J 1989 up+yD; Oa&myjrefrm±kH; EBO 'g±kdufwm OD;[efa,mifa[G@ ajymoGm;yg
typftcwf&yfpJr_ vkyfcJhw,f? oabmwlnDcsufuvnf; etz w,f?
ajymcJhwmu EkdifiHa&;tajz±Smzk@d / wku d fzkd@rvkdbl;? vmpum;ajym
VOA OD;om;!Gef@OD;/ 8 Ekd0ifbm 2007
wdkif;&if;om;twGuf a':pktmrcHcsufay;Edkif
“a':atmifqef;pk=unf&J@ &yfwnfcsuf rSefuefaew,f oabmxm;tjrifawG xGufay:vm&wmyJ”
qkw
d m wurBmvk;H u todtrSwðf yxm;wmjzpfw,f? usaemfw@dk
(PNLO- GS cGefol&def)
ar#mf v if h ,k H = unf y gw,f ? awG @ qk H a qG ; aEG ; r,f qk d & if a wmh
a':atmifqef;pk=unftaeeJ@ usaemfw@dk wkid ;f &if;om;tm;vk;H ukd Ekd0ifbm 18 &ufu&ifeDtrsKd;om; wkd;wufa&;ygwD
tmrcHcsufay;Ekdifvdrfhr,fvkd@ usaemfwkd@,kH=unfygw,f? a':pk KNPP xdef;csKyf&ma'owGif;rSm typf&yfvlrsKd;aygif;pkHjynfol@
taeeJ@ wkid ;f &if;om;awGtm;vk;H ukd uk, d pf m;ðy+yD; aqG;aEG;r,fqdk vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@csKyf SNPLO uae cGJxGufawmckd+yD; ytkd0f;
&if wkid ;f &if;om;awG yg0if+yD;aqG;aEG;awmhrS jynfph rHk ,fv@dk usaemf trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;tzG@J PNLO tzG@J tjzpf trnfopfc, H l
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u ukvor*~ukd,fpm;vS,fawG 0ifvm+yDqkd&if etztusyf t &vvztzGJ@[m 1994 uppftpkd;&eJ@ typftcwf&yfpJ
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f twGi;f u cGex f ad qmif OD;aqmifwthJ zG@J [m
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32 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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34 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007
INDEPENDENCE
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36 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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w,f? a±S@av#muf xkdif;wpfckbJ Arm&J@t}uD;qkH; "gwfaiG@azmuf xkdif;&wf ( 9/ 10/ 07 pm 5)
38 Vol. 24, No. 239, 2007

INDEPENDENCE
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