ABC COMPUTER

What is ABC computer?

The ABC, which stands for Atanasoff-Berry Computer, was the first device to utilise vacuum
tubes and is regarded as the first electronic digital computer (over 300 vacuum tubes). A glass
tube having its gas evacuated to create a vacuum is what makes up a vacuum tube. Early
computers employed vacuum tubes as a switch or an amplifier since they have electrodes for
controlling electron flow. The image displays a variety of vacuum tubes that have been utilized
in various gadgets.

Who developed ABC?

The ABC was created in 1937 by professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Cliff
Berry at Iowa State College, and work on it continued until 1942. (now Iowa State University).
The first electronic digital computer was invented by Atanasoff, according to Judge Earl R.
Larson, who declared on October 19, 1973, that Eckert and Mauchly's ENIAC patent was
invalid.

Why did Atanasoff invent the ABC? What did he intend for it to do?

Atanasoff was a professor of Mathematics and Physics, and the 1920s and 30s were a time of
active discoveries and new theories for the scientific disciplines, but especially for the physics
discipline. Atanasoff’s Ph.D. work, The Dielectric Constant of Helium, was a study in theoretical
physics, published in the Physical Review Vol. 36(7) in 1930. Atanasoff’s work required a great
deal of mathematical calculation, which he performed on a Monroe calculator, at the time an
advanced calculating machine, but which still required hours and hours of calculations. Later, as
a professor at Iowa State College, Atanasoff sought to increase the speed and accuracy of
scientific calculations through the development of an electronic digital computer. This effort
resulted in the ABC.

SCHEUTZIAN CALCULATOR ENGINE

1.) Can you tell something about Schumeutzian Calculator Engine?

✓The Scheutzian Calculator was base on Charles Babbage’s Difference engine.

✓The Scheutzian Calculator was invented 1837 which was finalized in 1843.

✓The government began to fund Per Georg Scheutz and his son for better improved models.
2. What is the used of Scheutzian Calculator Engine?

✓The Scheutzian claculator Engine was able to rapidly calculate and print multiplication,
division, and exponentiation in a logarithmic table. By inputting numbers into the columns and
changing the setting into either multiplication, division, or exponents.

✓By spinning the handle, it automatically calculates and prints out the numbers in a logarithmic
table.

3. What are the Functions and Importance of Scheutzian Calculator engine?

✓The Scheutzian Calculator Engine could produce logarithmic tables in less time than a person.

It was not perfect but it helped to bring better and improved version as time passed.

✓The scheutzian Calculator is one of the many reasons why we have such advance computers
today.

HARVARD MARK 1

What is harvard mark 1 ?

The Harvard mark 1 or IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, was a general-purpose
electromechanical computer used in the war effort during the last part of World War II. 816
cubic feet, 51 feet in length, 8 feet in height, and 2 feet deep it also weghts a massive 9,445
pounds.

Who invented Harvard Mark 1?

The man who invented harvard mark 1 is Mr; Howard H. Aiken with the collaboration of IBM.
Howard H. Aiken, Born March 9, 1900, Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S. forerunner of the modern
electronic digital computer was the designer of the harvard Mark 1

Mark 1, worked around the clock on military projects, calculating massive mathematical tables.
Principally it helped the Navy by computing tables for the design of equipment such as torpedos
and underwater detection systems.
The Harvard Mark 1 was the first computer that could be programmed to solve any number of
problems, rather than built to solve one specific thing. The Harvard Mark 1 was used
continuously by the US Navy until it was dismantled in 1959.

ENIAC

What is ENIAC?

ENIAC is short for Electronic numerical Integrator and Computer. It was the first electronic
computer used for general purposes such as solving numerical problem. In february 15, 1946,
John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly designed and invented the ENIAC at the university of
pensylvania to calculate artillery firing tables for the US army's Ballistic Research Laboratory

What is the importance of ENIAC?

The ENIAC is important historically because it was laid the foundations for the modern
electronic computing industry.

What was the ENIAC programmers main contribution?

The ENIAC programmers work included the development of concepts like subroutines and
nesting.

It used in ENIAC computer filling up with a 30 x 50 root room, ENIAC was made of 17, 468
vaccum tubes, 70,000 resistors and 10, 000 capacitors.

And the ENIAC conceived in 1943, completed in 1945 and decomissioned in 1955.

Another information...

The roots of ENIAC are in today's servers, the mobile devices, enterprise applications, PC's and
laptops, the internet and just about every IT process used in business and personal computer

The task programming was given to a group of women who had all prevously been working as
computers at the Moore School. They are Kathleen Antonelli, Jean Bartik, Frances Holberton,
Jean Meltzer, Frances spences and Ruth Teitebum.
Advantages of ENIAC

- it is a simple computer.

- It stores information.

- For faster identification of readings and color coding.

- It is easily available.

- it is the fastest machine of this time and can calculate data in milliseconds.

Disadvantages of ENIAC

- It consumes more electricity.

- It is very large. Thus it was not able to carry.

- It needs cold weather so they required being housed in large air conditioned rooms.

Z1 (ZUSE 1)

What is Z1? ( Zuse 1)

The Z1 was a motor-driven mechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse. It was a binary
electrically driven mechanical calculator with limited programmability, reading instructions from
punched celluloid film. The Z1 was the first in a series of computers that Zuse designed. Its
original name was "V1" for VersuchsModell 1 (meaning Experimental Model 1). After, it was
renamed "Z1" to differentiate from the flying bombs designed by Robert Lusser.

Why was the Z1 computer invented?

UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

One of the earliest commercial computers, Developed by team engineers (Presper Eckert & John
Mauckly). And those two are the makers of ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator) the first
general purpose of electronic digital computer. Univac is actually an updated version of eniac
which also made by Eckert and mauckly.

What is the advantage and disadvantage of UNIVAC?

The advantage is that, it's speed outshined all of its competitors—it was thousands of times faster
than its rivals—but more importantly, it was among the first “stored program” computers, using
magnetic tape, rather than punch cards, to collect and manage data.

While the disadvantage is that the computers always got heated too much quickly and lack of air
conditioning can cause a lot of damage to the computer.

TABULATING MACHINE

What is tabulating machine?

The tabulating machine was an electromechanical machine designed to assist in summarizing

Tabulating machine is an computer?

Although tabulating machine is an early part of computer history, realize they are not considered
computers. These machines only tabulated (counted) they were not programmable.

In 1881. Herman Hollerith began designing a machine to tabulate census data more efficiently
than by traditional hand mathods. The U.S. census Bureau had taken eight years to complete
the 1880 census, and it was feared that the 1890 census would take even longer. Hollerith
invented and used a punched card device to help analyze the 1890 U.S census data . His great
breakthrough was his use ofelectricity to read, count and sort punched cards whose holes
represented data gathered by census takers.
GROUP 3

ANGELENE A. ESTEVES

FATTY GRACE PEDREGOSA

MELLANIE M. EDAMA

SHERLENE B. BERNARDO

JELLY LOVE V. JALAO

LIZA P. FRANCISCO

TROY AGUSTINE