Investigative Skills 3

Q1.
Two pupils planted lettuce seeds at three different temperatures.

They planted the same number of seeds at each temperature.
Their results are shown in the table.

total number of lettuce seeds germinated
temperature, in °C day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 day 6
5 0 0 ---------- 0 1 1
15 0 0 0 1 5 9
25 0 2 8 13 17 19
(a) Complete the table to show how many seeds had germinated at 5°C by day 3.
1 mark
(b) The pupils were trying to find out something about seeds.
Write down the question the pupils were investigating.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) The pupils discussed their results and made the conclusions listed below.
Look at their results in the table and decide whether each conclusion below is true,
false or you cannot tell.
Tick the correct box for each conclusion.
conclusions true false cannot

tell
The earliest germination was at 25°C.
Page 1 of 75
At 25°C all the seeds germinated by day 6.
5°C was too cold for seeds to germinate.
The best temperature for germination was 15°C.

2 marks
Maximum 4 marks
Q2.
‘Wilting roses are a thing of the past.’

Scientists at the University of Leeds have found a way to modify the genes of flowering
plants.
They claim that flowers from modified plants remain fresh in a vase of water for up to six
months longer than flowers from unmodified plants.
Plan an investigation you could carry out in the school laboratory to test the claim that
flowers from modified plants last for much longer than flowers from unmodified plants.
You will be provided with flowers from modified plants and from unmodified plants.
In your plan give:
Page 2 of 75
• the one factor you will change as you carry out your investigation;
(This is the independent variable.)
• the factor you will measure;
(This is the dependent variable.)
• one of the factors you should control to ensure a fair test;
• the time scale for the investigation.
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maximum 4 marks
Q3.
A pupil used a sensor to record the change in pH of 10 cm3 of an acid solution when an
alkali solution was added a little at a time. The concentrations of the alkali and acid
solutions were fixed.

His results are shown in the table below.
volume of alkali added (cm3) pH of resulting mixture
0.0 5.0
Page 3 of 75
2.0 5.0
4.0 5.0
6.0 5.5
8.0 6.0
10.0 7.0
12.0 8.0
14.0 8.5
16.0 9.0
18.0 9.0
20.0 9.0
(a) Use his results to draw a graph on the grid below.
• Label the axes.
• Plot the points.
• Draw a smooth curve.

4 marks
(b) Look at the graph.

What would be the likely pH of the solution if the pupil added a further 2 cm3 of alkali
solution?
Page 4 of 75
...............
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q4.
Almost 200 years ago, an important investigation into plant growth was carried out.
George Sinclair, the Duke of Bedford’s head gardener, planted seeds in 242 plots of land,
each four feet square.
Charles Darwin concluded from this investigation:
If a plot of ground is sown with one species of grass and a

similar plot is sown with several different species of grass, the
second plot will produce a greater number of plants and a
greater mass of plant material.
(a) Give one feature of the plots that was controlled in Sinclair’s investigation.
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1 mark
(b) Why did Sinclair use many plots rather than just two?
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1 mark
(c) What two factors are named in Darwin’s conclusion as the measurable outcomes in
the investigation?
(These are the dependent variables.)
1. .................................................................................................................
2. .................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Which one factor was changed in Sinclair’s investigation?

(This is called the independent variable.)
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(e) The soil in each plot was tested.
Suggest one reason why these soil tests were helpful to the interpretation of the
results of the investigation.
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1 mark
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(f) Give one reason why several different species of grass in a plot produced a greater
mass of plant material than a single species in a plot.
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1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q5.
The drawing below shows a solar panel fixed to the roof of a house in Britain.
(a) Daniel measured the energy output from this solar panel during one day in June.
The graph below shows his results.
(i) Why does the energy output from the solar panel vary during the day?
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1 mark
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(ii) Daniel used the solar panel to run a motor.
The motor needs 0.7 kJ/s to run at full speed.
Use the graph to find out how long Daniel’s motor would run at full speed.
............... hours
1 mark
(b) Daniel measured the energy output from a different solar panel.
This type of solar panel turns so that it always faces the Sun.
The graph below shows the energy output for this panel during one day in mid-
summer.
(i) On the graph above draw another curve to show how the energy output for
this solar panel might vary on a day in mid-winter.
2 marks
(ii) Between 7am and 7pm the solar panel turns through an angle of 180°.
Calculate the angle the solar panel turns through each hour.
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.................................................................................................degrees
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q6.
Page 7 of 75
Some pupils predicted that water will evaporate faster if the surrounding air temperature is
higher.
To investigate their prediction they placed some water in containers in two different
rooms.
(a) Give two factors they should keep the same to make their investigation fair.
1. ..................................................................................................................
1 mark
2. ..................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) They recorded the mass of the water and the container in room 1 and room 2 every
day for 5 days.
The table below shows their results.
mass of water and container (g)

time
(days)
room 1 room 2
0 100 100
1 92 85
2 80 72
3 72 54
4 60 45
5 46 30
The data shown in their table is not sufficient to test their prediction.
Explain why.
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1 mark
They plotted their data for room 2 and attempted to draw a line of best fit.
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(c) Describe the mistake they made in drawing the line of best fit.
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1 mark
(d) Using the data in the table plot the points for room 1.
1 mark
(e) Draw a line of best fit of the points you have drawn.
1 mark
(f) In which room did the water evaporate more quickly?

Tick one box.
room 1 room 2
Use their data to explain your answer.
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1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Q7.
(a) Jenny put a bottle of fizzy drink on a balance.
She removed the bottle-top, and the drink began to fizz.
She left the open bottle of drink and the bottle-top on the balance for five days in a
warm room.
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at the start five days later
Five days later the drink was no longer fizzy. It’s mass had decreased and the level
of the liquid had gone down.
(i) Look at the drawings of the balance.

Work out the decrease in mass after five days.
............... g
1 mark
(ii) The fizzy drink contained sugar, colouring, a gas and water. The mass
decreased because two of these substances were lost into the air.
Which two substances were lost into the air?
1. ..................................................................
1 mark
2. ..................................................................
1 mark
(b) The sugar, colouring and the gas were all dissolved in the water.
Which word describes the water?
Tick the correct box.

alkali indicator

solute solvent

1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Page 10 of 75
Q8.
In January 2002, thousands of pupils recorded the numbers of different birds seen in their
gardens in one hour. They sent their results to the Royal Society for the Protection of
Birds who have kept data for many years.
(a) Why are the results from this survey more reliable than one person’s observation?
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1 mark
(b) Pupils observed birds in their gardens for one hour during the last week in January.
Give two factors which are being controlled in this survey.
1. .................................................................................................................
1 mark
2. .................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Jack’s grandad says: Jack says:
Jack thinks that the results collected in 2002 cannot test his grandad’s idea that
sparrows are less common than they used to be.
(i) What additional survey data would Jack need to test his grandad’s idea?
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1 mark
(ii) What pattern in the survey results would give Jack the evidence that his
grandad was correct?
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1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q9.
(a) Debbie put a paper cup into a glass beaker.
She glued a magnet in the bottom of the paper cup.
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She glued another magnet in the bottom of the beaker.
The magnets repelled.
diagram A
not to scale
What two forces act on the paper cup and its contents to keep it in this position?
1. ...........................................................
1 mark
2. ...........................................................
1 mark
(b) Debbie put 5 g of aluminium rivets into the paper cup.

It moved down a little as shown in diagram B.
diagram B
not to scale
Debbie plotted a graph to show how the mass of aluminium rivets affected the
distance the cup moved down.
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(i) Use the graph to find the mass that made the cup move down 4 mm.
............... g
1 mark
(ii) Why did the graph stay flat with masses greater than 40 g?
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1 mark
(c) Debbie removed the 5 g of aluminium rivets and put 5 g of iron nails into the cup.

diagram C
not to scale
The paper cup moved down more with 5 g of iron nails than with 5 g of aluminium
rivets as shown in diagram C.
Give the reason for this.
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1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Page 13 of 75
Q10.
Some pupils carried out an investigation to find out whether more sugar or more salt
dissolved in water at 60°C.
Here are some of the steps in their investigation.

They are not in the correct order.
(a) Put the letters A, B, C, D and E in the boxes below to show the correct order of the
steps in their investigation.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

1 mark
(b) Why did they use a measuring cylinder?
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1 mark
(c) They used water at 60°C in both beakers.
What else did they do to make their investigation fair?
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Page 14 of 75
1 mark
(d) They counted the number of spatulas of sugar or salt added to the water until no
more would dissolve.

(i) Why was this not an accurate method of measuring how much sugar or salt
they added?
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1 mark
(ii) Suggest a more accurate method of measuring how much sugar or salt they
added.
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1 mark
(e) Jane predicted that more sugar than salt would dissolve.
Complete the table to show a result which would support Jane’s prediction.
sugar salt
number of spatulas 32
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q11.
On 7th September 2001, at 11.00 am, over a million pupils took part in a national
investigation.
They all jumped up and down at exactly the same time.
Sensors were used to measure the vibrations caused by the jump.
Before they jumped, four pupils described some effects they might notice.
Page 15 of 75

(a) What type of statement did the pupils make?
conclusions methods
observations predictions

1 mark
(b) Sensors at different places recorded the vibrations of the ground.
Why was it important that all the pupils jumped together?
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1 mark
(c) The sensor recordings below show the amount of vibration of the ground at three
different places during the jump.
Sensor A was near where pupils jumped
Sensor B was at another place near where pupils jumped
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Sensor C was at a place far away from where pupils jumped
Carol said, ‘When pupils jump, only the ground nearby will vibrate’.
(i) Describe how the evidence in the recordings supports Carol’s idea.
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1 mark
(ii) Suggest one reason for the difference between the readings of sensor A and
sensor B.
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1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q12.
A scientist compared the acidity of four gases to see which gas might cause acid rain.
She used four balloons to collect the gases.
She then bubbled the gases, in turn, through a fresh sample of green, neutral,
universal indicator solution.
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(a) Three of the gases caused the indicator to change colour.

The scientist added drops of alkali to the indicator until the indicator changed back
to green.
Her results are shown in the table below.
gases change in colour number of drops

collected of indicator of alkali needed to change
the indicator back to green
exhaust gases green to red 31

from a car
carbon dioxide green to red 160
air no change 0
human breath green to yellow 10
Use information in the table to answer part (i) and part (ii) below.
(i) Which gas dissolved to form the most acidic solution?
...........................................................
Explain your choice.
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1 mark
(ii) Which gas formed a neutral solution?
...........................................................
Explain your choice.
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1 mark
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(iii) What effect does an alkali have on an acid?
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1 mark
(b) Some metals react with acids in the air.

Complete the word equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
zinc + hydrochloric → ........................................ + ........................................

acid
2 marks
maximum 5 marks
Q13.
Harry investigated the effects of fizzy cola drink on his heart rate.
First he measured his heart rate every minute for 5 minutes when sitting down.
Then he drank some cola.
He continued to measure his heart rate at regular intervals.
This is a graph of his results.
(a) Why did Harry measure his heart rate every minute for 5 minutes before drinking his
cola?
Page 19 of 75
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1 mark
(b) Harry says cola affects his heart rate.
What evidence is there in the graph to support his idea that cola affects his heart
rate?
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1 mark
(c) Harry and Yasmin came to the following conclusions.
Harry Yasmin
Explain why Yasmin’s conclusion is better than Harry’s conclusion.
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1 mark
(d) Yasmin said, “We should also measure Harry’s heart rate after he drinks fizzy
water”.
How would measuring Harry’s heart rate after he drinks fizzy water improve the
investigation?
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1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q14.
Tea bags are made in different shapes.
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triangle square circle
Some pupils want to find out which shape of tea bag lets tea dissolve most quickly.
They make two plans for their investigation as shown below.
FIRST PLAN
We will use 3 tea bags and 3 beakers

SECOND PLAN
Collect three beakers.
Collect three different tea bags.
Put one tea bag in each beaker.
Add 150 cm3 of water at 65°C.
Keep the temperature of the water the same.
Measure the time taken for the tea to dissolve.
Find out which is the quickest for making tea.

(a) How is the second plan better than the first plan?
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1 mark
(b) Why should they take care when they add hot water at 65°C to the tea bags?
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1 mark
(c) Ben and Vicky drew a cross on some paper. They put each beaker, in turn, over the
cross. They poured hot water into the beaker, dropped in the tea bag and watched
the water change colour.
Page 21 of 75

To see which shape of tea bag let the tea dissolve the quickest, they measured the
time until the liquid was too dark for them to see the cross.
How did the cross help to make their test more accurate?
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1 mark
(d) (i) They recorded their measurements in a table as shown below.
time taken until cross

shape of tea bag
cannot be seen (minutes)
triangle 8
square 15
circle 10
Which part of their investigation was recorded in the table?

explanations results
conclusions plans

1 mark
(ii) Give the three shapes of tea bags in the order in which the tea dissolved.
Use the table above to help you.
quickest ________________ ________________ _______________ slowest

1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q15.
(a) The graph below shows how the concentration of alcohol in a person’s blood
changed after drinking alcoholic drinks.
Page 22 of 75

It is illegal to drive if the concentration of alcohol in the blood is higher than
80 mg/100 cm3.
Use the graph to find out how long the concentration of alcohol in this person’s
blood was higher than 80 mg/100 cm3.
.................... hours
1 mark
(b) Why does alcohol in the blood increase the chance of having an accident?
It dulls the senses of

It causes slurred speech.
taste and smell.
It increases the size It increases the time

of the pupil in the eye. taken to react.
1 mark
(c) Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach.

Digested food is absorbed into the blood from a different part of the digestive
system.
Give the name of this part.
...........................................................
1 mark
(d) Give the name of one organ that is damaged by drinking a lot of alcohol over a long
period of time.
...........................................................
1 mark
(e) The drawing below shows a foetus in its mother’s uterus.
Page 23 of 75

If a pregnant woman drinks large quantities of alcohol, the blood vessels in the
umbilical cord may get very narrow for a while.
Give one way this could affect the foetus.
.....................................................................................................................
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1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q16.
John and Sarah investigated how pupils in their class were the same and different.
First they measured the length of each pupil’s little finger.
(a) Why should each pupil keep their little finger straight while it was being measured?
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1 mark
(b) The bar chart shows their results.
Page 24 of 75

(i) On the dotted line under the bar chart, give the units of measurement they
used.
1 mark
(ii) Give one mistake they made in the way they grouped the finger lengths in
their bar chart.
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(c) John and Sarah then counted the number of pupils who can and
cannot roll their tongues.
What method did they use to collect their data?
Observe pupil’s
Look at books.
tongues.
Identify factors to Measure pupil’s

keep the same. tongues.
1 mark
(d) They recorded their results in a table.
results for investigation 2
can roll tongue cannot roll tongue
10 4
Draw a bar on the chart below to show how many pupils can roll their tongues.
Page 25 of 75

1 mark
(e) Look at their bar charts for investigations 1 and 2.

How can you tell that they used different numbers of pupils in each investigation?
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1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q17.
The diagram below shows part of the human ear.
Page 26 of 75
We can hear somebody speaking because sound waves enter our ears.
(a) (i) What do our eardrums do when sound waves reach them?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Sometimes a lot of wax is produced in the ear.

The wax rests against the eardrum, as shown above.
Give one reason why we cannot hear very well when our ears
contain a lot of wax.
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(b) The table below shows the lowest and highest frequencies that five living things can
hear.
living lowest frequency highest frequency

thing (Hz) (Hz)
human 20 20 000
sparrow 300 20 000
dog 20 45 000
cat 20 64 000
rabbit 300 42 000
(i) Which three living things from the table cannot hear a frequency of
43 000 Hz?
.............................. and .............................. and ..............................

1 mark
(ii) From the table, choose the living thing that can hear the biggest range of
frequencies.
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1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q18.
Two groups of pupils investigated the factors affecting the time taken for an indigestion
tablet to dissolve in 100 cm3 of water.
Page 27 of 75

Group 1 recorded their results in the table below.
results of group 1

time taken to dissolve
tablet
(s)
whole tablet 34
broken tablet 28
finely crushed tablet 22
(a) What factor did group 1 change as they carried out their investigation?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Before the investigation, group 1 made a prediction.

They found this prediction was supported by the results in the table.
What prediction did group 1 make?
......................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(c) Group 2 investigated how the temperature of the water affects the time taken for
a whole tablet to dissolve.
Here are their results.
results of group 2

temperature of water (ºC) time taken to dissolve (s)
65 24
Page 28 of 75
40 35
15 90
5 100
What factor did group 2 change as they carried out their investigation?
......................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(d) What pattern do the results recorded by group 2 show?
......................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(e) Look at the results presented by group 1 and group 2.
Both groups used the same type of tablet.
Estimate the temperature of water used by group 1.
............°C
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q19.
Read the magazine cutting about research into heart disease.

More heart
disease in
older women.
Heart disease amongst
British women in the 60-79
age group is more common
than previous research
suggested. A recent study of
4,286 British women in that age
group indicated that one in five
showed signs of heart disease.
(a) Why can the results of this research not be used to draw any conclusions about
heart disease amongst women across the world?
......................................................................................................................
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1 mark
Page 29 of 75
(b) Give one reason why the data collected in this study is likely to be reliable.
......................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(c) After reading the magazine cutting, pupils wrote the ideas below.
Decide if each idea is supported by information in the cutting.

Use the information in the cutting as evidence to justify your decision in the third
column.

Is the idea supported by Use the information in the

Idea evidence? magazine cutting as evidence
Tick the correct box. to justify your decision
Yes No
One in five of all British
females show signs of
heart disease.

Yes No
Earlier treatment for
heart disease must have

been more effective than
modern medicines.

Yes No
Four out of five British
women in the 60-79 age

group showed no signs
of heart disease.

3 marks
maximum 5 marks
Q20.
John used an electrical heater to heat a cup of water. He kept stirring the water. When
the temperature reached 20°C, he started his stopwatch and measured the
temperature of the water every half minute.
Page 30 of 75

He switched off the heater after 4 minutes, but continued to record the temperature.
His results are shown in the table.
One measurement is missing and another appears to be wrong.

Time (minutes) Temperature (ºC)
0.0 20
0.5 26
1.0 31
1.5 36
2.0 41
2.5 46
3.0
3.5 57
4.0 56
4.5 58
5.0 59
5.5 59
(a) Use the results in the table to draw a graph on the grid.
Label the axes.
Plot the points and draw a smooth curve of best fit.
Page 31 of 75

4 marks
(b) From your curve, estimate the temperature of the water after three minutes.
............°C
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Q21.
In the eighteenth century, scientists had different ideas about what happens when
metals burn in air.
(a) Imagine you want to investigate the ideas of Priestley and Lavoisier.
Assume you have been given three pieces of different metals.
In a laboratory, metals are heated to high temperatures in crucibles.
Page 32 of 75

You would also have access to all the usual laboratory equipment.
In your plan you must give:

• the one factor you would change as you carry out your investigation
(the independent variable);
• one factor you would observe or measure to collect your results
(the dependent variable);
• one of the factors you would keep the same as you carry out your
investigation;
• the evidence that would support Lavoisier’s idea.
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4 marks
(b) In the box below, draw and label a table you could use to record your results.
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1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q22.
Andy investigated the digestion of a protein called gelatin.
He used an enzyme called pepsin from the human stomach, and three cubes of gelatin
each 1 cm3.
He set up the experiment shown below and put the test-tubes in a water-bath at 37°C.
He measured the time for the digestion of the gelatin.
(a) Why did Andy choose a temperature of 37°C for the water-bath?
......................................................................................................................
Page 34 of 75
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) In test-tube C, the cube of gelatin that had been cut into pieces was digested
more quickly than the whole cube in test-tube A.
Give the reason for this.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) The boiled pepsin in test-tube B did not digest the gelatin.
Why did boiling this enzyme stop it working?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Protein is needed for growth and repair.

The digestion of protein begins in the stomach and is completed in the small
intestine.
(i) What are the products of the digestion of protein?

amino acids energy
sugars vitamins

1 mark
(ii) Why is it necessary to digest protein before it can be used for growth and
repair?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q23.
Table 1 below shows the colour of universal indicator in acidic, neutral and alkaline
solutions.

acidic neutral alkaline

colour of dark
red orange yellow green blue purple
indicator blue
Page 35 of 75
table 1
Ramy tested different liquids with the indicator solution.

His results are shown in table 2 below.

colour of indicator
liquid
solution
Milk green
lemonade orange
water green
fruit juice red
washing-up liquid blue
table 2
(a) Use Ramy’s results to answer the following questions.
(i) Give the name of one acidic liquid in table 2.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Give the name of one neutral liquid in table 2.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Ramy dissolved some bicarbonate of soda in distilled water.

This produced an alkaline solution.
(i) Ramy added the indicator to the alkaline solution.
Suggest what colour the indicator became.

Use table 1 to help you.
................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Ramy added lemon juice to the solution of bicarbonate of soda.
Page 36 of 75

How could he tell that a gas was produced?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Ramy mixed an acid with an alkali and tested the mixture with the indicator
solution.
The indicator solution turned green.
What is the name of the reaction between an acid and an alkali?
condensation
crystallisation
evaporation
neutralisation
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q24.
Molly used a pH sensor to test different liquids. She dipped the probe of the sensor
into each liquid and recorded the pH value in a table.
Page 37 of 75

(a) In the table below, tick one box for each liquid to show whether it is acidic,
neutral or alkaline. One has been done for you.

liquid pH value acidic neutral alkaline
alcohol 7
dilute hydrochloric acid 2
distilled water 7
vinegar 3
sodium hydroxide solution 11

2 marks
(b) Between each test Molly dipped the probe into distilled water.
(i) Why did she do this?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Which other liquid in the table could Molly use between tests to have the
same effect as distilled water?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Molly put a piece of magnesium into a test-tube containing 20 cm3 of vinegar.
She put another piece of magnesium into a test-tube containing 20 cm3 of dilute
hydrochloric acid.
Page 38 of 75

(i) Molly thought that magnesium would react more vigorously with
hydrochloric acid than with vinegar.
What information in the table made Molly think this?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) How would Molly be able to tell if a more vigorous reaction took place with
hydrochloric acid than with vinegar?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) (i) Complete the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and
hydrochloric acid.
magnesium + hydrochloric → .................................. + ........................

acid
2 marks
(ii) After some time this reaction stopped. Why did the reaction stop?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 9 marks
Q25.
(a) Ruth added some blue copper sulphate crystals to a beaker of water.
Page 39 of 75

(i) How could Ruth see that some of the copper sulphate crystals had
dissolved in the water?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) How could Ruth make the copper sulphate crystals dissolve more quickly?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Ruth poured some of the copper sulphate solution into a dish.
She left it in a warm room for five days.
All the water evaporated from the solution in the dish.
What was left in the dish?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Ruth did an experiment to see how much of three solids, P, Q and R, will
dissolve in water at different temperatures.
She plotted her results on graph paper as shown below.
Page 40 of 75

Use the graph above to answer the questions below.
(i) At 30°C how many grams of solid R dissolved in the water?
............ g
1 mark
(ii) At 60°C which solid dissolved the most in water? Give the letter.
............
1 mark
(iii) Which two solids were equally soluble at 25°C? Give the letters.
............ and ............

1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q26.
The thermometer drawn below can be used to measure the temperature of the human
body.
Page 41 of 75

(a) (i) What is the lowest temperature this thermometer can measure?
..............°C
1 mark
(ii) What is the normal temperature of the human body?

37°C 39°C 41°C

1 mark
(iii) When we are ill our temperature may go up.
A nurse can measure a child’s temperature with two different thermometers
as shown below.
Give one reason why it is safer to use a plastic strip thermometer than a
glass thermometer.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Viruses are micro-organisms that can make us ill.
Give the name of one other type of micro-organism that can make us ill.
................................................................
1 mark
(c) Alcohol and mercury are two liquids that can be used in glass thermometers.
The table gives information about these liquids.

liquid boiling point (ºC) colour
Page 42 of 75
alcohol 78 colourless
mercury 357 shiny grey
(i) A red dye is added to the colourless alcohol used in thermometers.

Suggest a reason for this.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Choose words from the list below to fill the gaps in the sentences.
gas liquid solid
When alcohol and mercury boil they both change from a liquid to
a ......................................
1 mark
A thermometer containing mercury can be used to measure the

temperature of an oven at 150°C because mercury is a
....................................... at 150°C.
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Q27.
Some pupils visited a deer park.
A poster showed different types of deer.

adult male adult female young
Red
deer

Page 43 of 75
Fallow
deer

Roe
deer

(a) Emily said, ‘I saw a male deer’.
Look at the drawings in the poster.

How would Emily know that the deer was male?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Jimmy made some notes about a young deer.
Give one reason why he cannot identify the type of young deer from his notes.
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Dan drew one of the deer.
He said it was an adult male red deer.
Page 44 of 75

Give two pieces of evidence from his drawing which suggest that he got the
name wrong.
1. .................................................................................................................
1 mark
2. .................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Michael saw a deer like this.
What two pieces of evidence show it was not one of the deer on the poster?
1. ..................................................................................................................
1 mark
2. ..................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q28.
Suzi investigated how temperature affects the number of bubbles produced by
waterweed in one minute.
She set up the experiment as shown below.
Page 45 of 75

When the temperature of the water was 10°C the waterweed did not produce bubbles.
(a) Suzi increased the temperature of the water in the water-bath to 20°C.
The waterweed started to produce bubbles.
She waited two minutes before starting to count the bubbles.
Explain why she waited for two minutes before she started to count the bubbles.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Suzi counted the number of bubbles produced at six different temperatures.
Her results are shown on the graph below.
(i) Draw a smooth curve on the graph.

1 mark
Page 46 of 75
(ii) Use your curve to find the temperature of water which produced the most
bubbles per minute.
..............°C
1 mark
(c) Suzi predicted that the higher the temperature the more bubbles would be
produced.
Which points on the graph support Suzi’s prediction?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Suzi’s data does not show clearly the exact temperature at which most bubbles
were produced.
How could she improve the data she collects to find this temperature?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Q29.
The graph below shows how a population of fish in a lake changed over a period of
time.
(a) In which time interval, A, B, C, D or E, did the population of fish increase most
quickly?
..............
How can you tell this from the graph?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Which part of the graph shows when the fish began to compete with each other
for food?
Give the letter.
Page 47 of 75
..............
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) What does part D of the graph show about the birth rate and the death rate of
the fish?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Part E of the graph shows a population crash when all the fish died.
Suggest two reasons why a population might crash in this way.
1. ..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
1 mark
2. ..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q30.
Joanne measured the volume of air she breathed in and out of her lungs. She used the
machine shown in the photograph below.

Page 48 of 75
The graphs represent the volume of air Joanne breathed in and out with each breath
before and during exercise.
(a) During exercise Joanne breathed more air in and out of her lungs than before
exercising.
(i) How much more air did Joanne breathe in with each breath during exercise?
.................... cm3
1 mark
(ii) Explain fully why Joanne needed to breathe in more air during exercise.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
3 marks
(b) (i) As Joanne exercised, the volume of air she breathed in and out increased.
Give one other way Joanne’s breathing changed during exercise.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) How does the graph show this other change?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Page 49 of 75
Mark schemes
Q1.
(a) 0
accept the correct answer written outside the table
1 (L3)
(b) any one from
• how many seeds germinated at different temperatures?

accept ‘which seeds grow at different temperatures? ‘
• how many seeds grew or started to grow at different temperatures?
• how long does it take seeds to grow or germinate at different temperatures?
accept ‘how does temperature affect germination? ‘
accept ‘which is the best temperature for seeds to grow?’
accept statements which are not framed as questions such
as ‘the number of seeds germinating at different
temperatures’.
the answer must include both a dependent and an
independent variable
award one mark for identifying temperature as the
independent variable and either the number of seeds
germinating or the time taken to germinate as the dependent
variable
do not accept a conclusion such as ‘more seeds grew at
higher temperatures’
do not accept ‘how long does it take for lettuce seeds to
germinate? ‘as there is no reference to temperature
1 (L4)
(c) true
cannot tell
false
false
if all four answers are correct, award two marks
if three or two answers are correct, award one mark
if more than one box is ticked in any row,
award no mark for that row
2 (L4)
[4]
Q2.
Markers should read through the whole answer before marking this question.
modified and unmodified plants

accept ‘type of plant’
‘(flowers from) different plants’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
Page 50 of 75
the number of days or weeks or months the flowers stayed fresh
accept ‘how long they stayed fresh’
1 (L7)
any one from
• modified and unmodified plants should be the same variety
• conditions under which flowers are kept should be the same
• modified and unmodified plants should be the same starting age
accept ‘amount of sunlight should be the same’
accept ‘amount of water should be the same’
accept ‘nutrients added should be the same’
1 (L7)
A suitable time span (which will allow comparison) for example

‘until they have all wilted’
or
‘until all ordinary plants have wilted’
award a mark for answers of 2 weeks or more
1 (L7)
[4]
Q3.
(a) • volume or alkali in cm3 on the x axis and pH of mixture on the y axis
pupils can gain credit for correct responses to other
parts if the axes are wrongly labelled
1 (L7)
• appropriate scales for volume of alkali and pH of mixture

this mark cannot be awarded for a non- linear scale
1 (L7)
• 11 points correctly plotted

1 (L7)
smooth curve of best fit

do not accept a line drawn from point to point
1 (L7)
(b) 9.0
accept ‘9’
1 (L6)
[5]
Q4.
(a) the size or area or dimensions of the plots
accept ‘the amount of land’
1 (L6)
(b) any one from
• to increase the reliability of the results
Page 51 of 75
accept ‘to make the results more accurate’
• to be more certain of his results

accept ‘some of the plots could be unusual or different’
‘to find an average’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
(c) the number of plants or grasses and the mass of plants or grass
both answers are required for the mark
‘amount of plants’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
(d) any one from
• the number of species of grass different species

accept ‘species’
• type of plant or seed or grass

1 (L7)
(e) any one from
• his analysis would allow the effects of soil differences to

be controlled or explained
accept ‘to make sure or so it would be fair’
• to provide evidence of any difference between soils

accept ‘to check whether soils had an effect on growth’
• the analysis would provide more evidence
• to check whether soils were the same or different

1 (L7)
(f) any one from
• different species have different requirements so they are not

competing for the same resources
• competition might stimulate more vigorous growth
• one species may be better adapted to the plot or conditions
• you would get continuous growth throughout the year

1 (L7)
[6]
Q5.
(a) (i) any one from
• the Earth rotates

accept ‘the Sun appears to move across the sky’
accept ‘the Sun is in a different position at
different times of day’
• the amount of sunlight varies
Page 52 of 75
accept ‘different cloud cover’
• the angle of the Sun varies

accept ‘in the middle of the day the
energy received is greatest’
do not accept ‘in the middle of the day
the Sun is hottest or brightest’
1 (L7)
(ii) 6.0
accept any number from 5.8 to 6.2
1 (L6)
(b) (i) a graph starting after 6 am and ending before 6 pm

1 (L7)
a line below the existing line and flat

or reaching a maximum between 12 noon and 1 pm
1 (L7)
(ii) 15
accept ‘ ’
1 (L7)
[5]
Q6.
(a) any two from
• initial temperature of water
• exclusion of draughts

accept ‘same amount of draughts’
• volume or mass of water

accept ‘amount of water’
• surface area (of water)

accept ‘shape or size or material of container’
• humidity
accept ‘the time it is left for’
‘temperature’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘size of room’
2 (L5)
(b) • they have not collected data about temperature

accept ‘they did not measure temperature’
• no data recorded about temperature

accept ‘no information about temperature’
accept ‘no temperature’
1 (L5)
Page 53 of 75
(c) the line is not straight (converse)
the line should be straight
accept ‘the line is zig-zag’
accept ‘they joined up all the points’
accept ‘they didn’t go between the points’
accept ‘the line does not need to go through all the points’
1 (L6)
(d) 6 points correctly plotted to the nearest half square

1 (L6)
(e) a straight line of best fit between some of the points

1 (L6)
(f)

and
• the points for room 2 are lower than room 1
• the container in room 2 reaches 30g in 5 days, room 1 reaches 45g
accept ‘there is less water in the container in room 2 than in
room 1’
• more water evaporated in the same time

accept ‘amount of water dropped more in the first three days’
accept ‘the line for room 2 is steeper’
• the volume goes down more quickly

accept ‘the numbers go down more quickly’
accept ‘the mass goes down more quickly’
1 (L6)
[7]
Q7.
(a) (i) 4
1 (L4)
(ii) water
accept H2O
1 (L3)
gas
accept ‘carbon dioxide’ or ‘CO2’
answers may be in either order
1 (L3)
(b) solvent
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)
[4]
Page 54 of 75
Q8.
(a) any one from
• a bigger sample

accept ‘one person could make it up’
• more data are collected in the survey

accept ‘one garden may not be typical’
1 (L6)
(b) any two from

time of year or season
location or gardens
duration of the observation
accept ‘the time’ for one mark if ‘time of year’
or ‘season’ or ‘duration’ is not given
‘the environment’ is insufficient
2 (L5)
(c) (i) any one from
• they would need to look at the pattern in the data for
more than a year
accept ‘data from another year or last year’
• they would need to compare data collected in another

year with that available in 2002
accept ‘more data
or data from the time when his grandad was young’
accept ‘data from when his grandad was
young is not available’
1 (L5)
(ii) data would need to show fewer sparrows in 2002 than

in earlier years
accept ‘more sparrows would need to be recorded
in earlier years than in 2002’
1 (L5)
[5]
Q9.
(a) gravity
accept ‘weight’
1 (L5)
magnetic force or magnetism

accept ‘repulsion’ or ‘upthrust’
do not accept ‘air resistance’
1 (L5)
(b) (i) 12
1 (L5)
Page 55 of 75
(ii) any one from
• the paper cup stopped moving

accept ‘it hit the bottom’
• the paper cup reached the bottom magnet

accept ‘the paper cup could not go any further’
1 (L6)
(c) any one from
• iron is magnetic

accept ‘aluminium is not magnetic’
• iron nails are attracted to a magnet

accept ‘the rivets are not attracted to a magnet’
• there is a magnetic force on the iron

do not accept ‘aluminium or rivets are less magnetic’
do not accept ‘iron or nails are more magnetic than
aluminium
or rivets’
1 (L6)
[5]
Q10.
(a) E D A B C
all five letters must be in the correct order
1 (L3)
(b) to measure volume

accept ‘to make sure they used the same volume
of water in each beaker’
accept ‘to measure amount of water’
accept ‘to measure the volume of salt or sugar’
‘to measure salt or sugar’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
(c) any one from
• they used the same volume of water

accept ‘they used the same amount of water’
accept ‘they stirred the same number of times’
accept ‘they stirred at the same speed’
accept ‘they stirred for the same time’
‘they stirred it’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
(d) (i) any one from
• you might not get the same mass each time
accept ‘you might not get the same amount of salt or sugar’
• you will not know how much was added
Page 56 of 75
accept ‘it is not precise or a measurement’
accept answers which suggest that using a spatula is
not a precise measurement
1 (L4)
(ii) any one from
• measure the mass

accept ‘measure weight’ or ‘weigh it’
accept ‘use a balance or scales’
• measure the number of grams

accept ‘use grams’
accept ‘use a measuring cylinder’
accept ‘level it with a knife’
1 (L4)
(e) from 1 – 31 inclusive

1 (L3)
[6]
Q11.
(a) predictions
1 (L4)
(b) any one from
• to make sure any effect of everyone jumping was detected
• to make the effect as large as possible

accept ‘so the sensor can detect the vibrations’
‘fair test’ is insufficient
‘to get the best results’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
• there are vibrations in recordings A and B only

accept ‘there are more or bigger vibrations at A and B’
accept ‘wider lines in recordings A and B’
accept ‘bigger amplitude in A and B’
• no vibrations at C
accept ‘no vibrations far away’
1 (L4)
(ii) any one from
• more people jumped near A

accept ‘fewer jumped at B’
• people jumped from a greater height near A

accept the converse
Page 57 of 75
• sensor A is nearer the site than sensor B
accept the converse
accept ‘the sensor is nearer site A than B’
accept ‘sensor A is closer to the pupils’
• more sensitive detectors at A the ground could be different

accept the converse
accept ‘one concrete the other grass’
do not accept ‘different numbers of people’
‘different sensors’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
[4]
Q12.
(a) (i) carbon dioxide
accept ‘CO2’
any one from

it took more or most alkali to neutralise it
or to change the colour of the indicator back to green
accept ‘it took most drops’ or ‘it took 160’
both the answer and the reason are required for the mark
1 (L5)
(ii) air
it did not change the colour of the indicator or the pH of the solution
accept ‘no drops or alkali were needed’
accept ‘there was no change’
both the answer and the reason are required for the mark
1 (L5)
(iii) any one from
• neutralises it
• it raises the pH

accept ‘it makes it less acidic’
accept ‘it makes it pH 7’
accept ‘it forms a salt’
do not accept ‘makes it more alkaline’
1 (L6)
(b) zinc chloride +

1 (L6)
hydrogen
1 (L6)
[5]
Q13.
(a) any one from
Page 58 of 75
• to allow his resting pulse rate to be determined
accept ‘to get a reading of heart rate when relaxed’
• to compare his pulse before and after drinking the cola
accept ‘to make sure his heart rate was steady’
• so he would know if it had changed

accept ‘to see if there was any change’
accept ‘so he could find out his normal heart rate’
accept ‘to get a reliable reading of his pulse rate’
accept ‘to find the average’
‘he wanted to know his heart rate before he drank his cola’
is insufficient as this is given in the question
1 (L5)
(b) his heart rate went up after he drank some cola

accept ‘his heart rate or pulse went up’
accept ‘it shows his heart rate went up’
accept ‘the graph shows his heart rate changed’
accept ‘the line goes up or changed’
accept ‘the points get higher’
1 (L5)
(c) any one from
• Yasmin’s conclusion describes how it affected his heart rate whil
Harry’s just says it affected his heart rate
accept ‘Yasmin is more specific or more detailed’
• Yasmin’s conclusion describes the direction of the change in his

heart rate
accept ‘Harry doesn’t say what the effect is’
• Yasmin’s conclusion describes how his heart rate changed

accept ‘Harry’s conclusion could mean that his
heart rate was slower’
1 (L6)
(d) any one from
• drinking fizzy water would be a control
• it would enable them to see whether fizziness

or sparkling drinks would have an effect
• it would allow them to see if carbon dioxide

or carbonation has an effect
accept ‘you would know if it was bubbles that had an effect’
‘to see if something else had an effect’ is insufficient
• it would show it was something

else in cola that had an effect
accept ‘using more
or different drinks would give more evidence’
1 (L6)
Page 59 of 75
[4]
Q14.
(a) any one from
• it describes how they will carry out their investigation
• it has more information or detail
• it includes a fair test
• it includes measurement

accept a description which identifies a factor to be kept
constant
accept ‘the second plan includes apparatus to be used
or a measurement or a comparison’
accept the converse of any marking point
accept a statement referring to any of the points in the
second plan
accept answers which describe a consequence of the test
not being
fair
1 (L4)
(b) to avoid scalding or burning themselves

accept ‘it is very hot’
accept ‘to avoid spilling’
credit may be given for answers which,
although not accurate,
imply that the water is at a high temperature
eg ‘it is nearly boiling’
1 (L4)
(c) any one from
• it allowed them to compare the times for different tea bags
• it told them when the measurement was completed
• so they knew when to stop

accept ‘as soon as it has gone they stopped timing’
accept ‘so they know how long it takes’
accept ‘the cross let them see when the
tea produced by the 3 bags was the same’
accept ‘so they could stop at the right time’
accept ‘it tells them when they have dissolved the same’
answers must indicate that the cross shows when the teas
are the same colour or allows a measurement to be made
‘it made it fair’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
(d) (i) results

1 (L4)
Page 60 of 75
(ii) triangle circle square
accept a drawing of a triangle, a circle and a square
all three answers are required in the correct order
1 (L3)
[5]
Q15.
(a) 3.5
accept answers from 3.4 to 3.6
1 (L5)
(b) It increases the time taken to react.

1 (L5)
(c) small intestine

accept ‘intestine’
do not accept ‘large intestine’
1 (L5)
(d) any one from
• liver
• kidney
• brain
• heart
1 (L5)
(e) any one from
• brain damage
• low birth weight
• premature birth or miscarriage

accept ‘kill the foetus’
make the foetus ill’ is insufficient
• less or not enough oxygen
• less or not enough nutrients

accept ‘not enough food’
• build up of carbon dioxide or CO2 or waste

do not accept ‘the baby gets no oxygen’
do not accept ‘the baby gets no food’
‘less blood to foetus’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
[5]
Q16.
Page 61 of 75
(a) any one from
• to make the measurements reliable

accept ‘it is hard to measure a bent finger’
• to make it fair
• make sure the measurement is correct

accept ‘the measurement would be wrong’
• to make it accurate

1 (L3)
(b) (i) mm
accept ‘millimetres’
1 (L4)
(ii) any one from
• some of the lengths appear in more than one bar

accept ‘they did 65 twice or three times’
• some people were counted twice
• the range varies for the bars

accept correct references to specific numbers
eg ‘they could not record 55.5 or 60.5 mm’
• some lengths are missed out

accept suggestions for improving the bar chart
such as ‘the last bar should be 71–75’
‘the number are written wrongly’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
(c) observe pupils’ tongues

1 (L4)
(d) a bar drawn to 10

1 (L3)
(e) more children were recorded in investigation 1 than in investigation 2

accept the converse
accept ‘16 children recorded with measurements 50–60 mm.
Only 14 children recorded in investigation 2’
accept ‘36 people in the first investigation,
but only 14 in the second’
accept ‘there are more higher bars’
accept ‘higher bars’
accept ‘they add up to different numbers’
numbers need not be precise for this mark
do not accept an answer which only compares
the number of bars on the bar charts
1 (L4)
[6]
Page 62 of 75
Q17.
(a) (i) vibrate
accept ‘move in and out’
‘move’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
(ii) any one from
• it stops the sound waves or vibrations reaching our eardrums

accept ‘it stops sound reaching our eardrum’
accept ‘it absorbs sound’
accept ‘it blocks the ear’
• it stops the eardrum vibrating

accept ‘it stops the eardrum moving in and out’
• the eardrum vibrates less

accept ‘soundwaves are reflected by the wax’
1 (L3)
(b) (i) human and sparrow and rabbit

accept ‘bird’ for sparrow
answers may be in any order
all three answers are required for the mark
1 (L4)
(ii) cat
1 (L4)
[4]
Q18.
(a) any one from
• size of pieces of tablet

accept ‘size of tablet’
accept ‘whether the tablet is whole or crushed’
• surface area of the tablet

accept ‘form of the tablet’
accept ‘particle size’
accept ‘mass of each piece’
accept ‘number of pieces’
do not accept ‘mass of tablet’
1 (L5)
(b) any one from
• crushed tablets will dissolve more quickly than whole tablets
• a whole tablet will take longer to dissolve

accept ‘the finer the tablet the quicker it dissolves’
accept ‘the smaller the pieces the faster it dissolves’
Page 63 of 75
• the bigger the surface or area the faster it dissolves
answers must include a comparison
award a mark for an answer in the past tense
if a comparison is included
1 (L5)
(c) temperature of the water

accept ‘temperature’
1 (L5)
(d) any one from
• the higher the temperature the quicker the tablet dissolves
• the lower the temperature the longer it takes to dissolve

answers must include a comparison
‘at the lowest temperature it takes a long time to dissolve’
is insufficient
‘at the highest temperature it dissolves quickly’ is insufficient
1 (L5)
(e) 40
accept a temperature from 38 to 44
1 (L6)
[5]
Q19.
(a) they have only investigated British women
accept ‘it is only one country’
accept ‘diet differences elsewhere’
accept ‘stress may be different elsewhere’
accept ‘different lifestyles elsewhere’
accept ‘they have only investigated
women in the 60 to 79 age group’
1 (L6)
(b) they used a large sample

accept ‘they used 4286 women’
1 (L7)
(c) any one from
• no
data refers only to older women
• no
if you include all women the rate could be up or down
1 (L7)
any one from
• no
no evidence of the impact of treatment
accept ‘no mention of treatment’
Page 64 of 75
• no
previous research could have underestimated the proportion
accept ‘it does not tell you’
1 (L7)
• yes
data suggests only 1 in 5 showed signs of heart disease so
4 out of 5 are unlikely to suffer
accept ‘data shows 1 in 5 had signs of heart disease’
1 (L7)
[5]
Q20.
(a) • X-axis: time (minutes)
Y-axis: temperature (°C)

1 (L7)
• appropriate scales such as 2 cm represents 10°C,

2 cm represents 1 minute
1 (L7)
• 11 points plotted to within half a small square

1 (L7)
• a smooth curve of best fit (not dot-to-dot)

pupils can gain credit for correct responses to
other parts if the axes are wrongly labelled both
answers are required for the mark
units are required for the mark
at least one zero must be included at the origin
1 (L7)
(b) an answer consistent with the drawn curve

accept a tolerance of one small square
1 (L6)
[5]
Q21.
(a) the metal
1 (L7)
any one from
• the change in the mass of the contents of the crucible after burning
accept ‘whether the mass of metal increases or decreases
or stays the same’
• the change in the mass of the crucible and its contents after burning
accept ‘weight before and after burning’
1 (L7)
• make sure all the product is weighed

accept ‘keep a lid on the crucible’
Page 65 of 75
accept ‘starting mass of metal’
accept ‘mass of the metal’
accept ‘the same crucible’
accept ‘enough time for the reaction to occur’
accept ‘sufficient heat for burning to occur’
accept ‘burn the metals for the same length of time’
award a mark for any suitable rigour in the procedure
or identification of any control variable ‘the atmosphere it
is heated in’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
• an increase in the mass following burning for all three metals
accept ‘mass will increase’
accept ‘weight increase’
1 (L7)
(b) any appropriate table in which the results can be recorded such as

metal gain or loss or
change in mass
or

metal mass at mass after
the start burning
accept a table in which the rows rather
than the columns are labelled
accept ‘weight’ for mass
accept

change in mass
metal 1
metal 2
metal 3
units are not required in the table ignore incorrect units

1 (L7)
[5]
Q22.
(a) any one from
• it is the temperature of the human body or the stomach
• the enzyme or pepsin works best at that temperature

1 (L6)
(b) there was a larger surface for the enzyme to act on
Page 66 of 75
accept ‘the enzyme came into contact with more of the
gelatin’
accept ‘the surface or area was bigger’
‘because the gelatin had been chopped up’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
(c) it or the enzyme was destroyed or denatured

do not accept ‘the enzyme was killed’
1 (L7)
(d) (i) amino acids

1 (L7)
(ii) any one from
• proteins cannot be absorbed
• proteins are too big to pass through the lining of the intestine
or blood vessels
accept ‘so proteins or they can be absorbed’
• amino acids can be absorbed
• amino acids can pass through the wall of the intestine
or blood vessels
• amino acids are small enough to be absorbed
• to make them soluble

‘they need to be digested or broken down’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
[5]
Q23.
(a) (i) any one from
• lemonade
• fruit juice

accept ‘fruit or juice’
1 (L3)
(ii) any one from
• milk
• water
1 (L3)
(b) (i) any one from
• blue
• dark blue
Page 67 of 75
• purple
1 (L3)
(ii) any one from
• it bubbled
accept ‘it fizzed’
• bubbles were formed

accept ‘bubbles’
accept ‘effervescence’
1 (L3)
(c) neutralisation
1 (L4)
[5]
Q24.
(a)
liquid acidic neutral alkaline
alcohol
dilute hydrochloric
acid
distilled water
vinegar
sodium hydroxide
solution
award one mark for a correct tick for

both alcohol and distilled water
award one mark for a correct tick for
both vinegar and sodium hydroxide solution
if more than one column is ticked for any liquid
award no mark for the corresponding pair of liquids
2 (L5)
(b) (i) any one from
• to clean the probe or it
• to prevent contamination
• to get an accurate reading
• so the liquids do not get mixed up
• it is neutral
accept ‘to neutralise the probe’ or ‘so that it does not
affect the other liquids’ or ’to make it pH 7’
Page 68 of 75
‘to make it a fair test’ is insufficient
1 (L5)
(ii) alcohol
accept ‘the first or top one’
1 (L5)
(c) (i) hydrochloric acid has a lower pH or is more acidic

accept the converse
accept ‘vinegar is a weak acid’
‘vinegar is a weaker acid’ is insufficient
1 (L5)
(ii) any one from
• more bubbles would be given off

accept ‘more bubbles’ or ‘more fizzing’
• bubbles would be given off more rapidly
• there would be a bigger rise in temperature

accept ‘there would be a rise in temperature’
or ‘the test-tube would get hot’
• the magnesium would be used up more quickly

1 (L5)
(d) (i) • magnesium chloride +

1 (L6)
• hydrogen
1 (L6)
(ii) any one from
• the acid was used up

accept ‘there were no reactants left’
• the magnesium was used up

accept ‘one of the reactants has been used up’
accept ‘the reaction was complete’
do not accept ‘the magnesium had dissolved’
1 (L6)
[9]
Q25.
(a) (i) the water or it went blue
accept ‘it got darker’; ‘it changed colour’;
‘there were fewer crystals’; ‘some of the crystals
or copper sulphate disappeared’
1 (L3)
(ii) any one from
Page 69 of 75
• stir it
• heat it
• use hotter water

accept ‘use warm water’
• grind up or crush the crystals

1 (L3)
(b) any one from
• crystals
• copper sulphate

accept ‘solid’
1 (L4)
(c) (i) 10
1 (L4)
(ii) Q
1 (L4)
(iii) P and Q
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L4)
[6]
Q26.
(a) (i) 35
1 (L3)
(ii) 37°C
1 (L4)
(iii) any one from
• less chance of micro-organisms being passed on or spread
• glass could break

accept ‘less chance of germs being passed on’
accept ‘might pass on disease’
accept ‘a child might bite or swallow the thermometer’
• mercury or alcohol or liquid could spill

(if the glass thermometer broke)
• mercury is poisonous
• you could choke

1 (L3)
(b) any one from
Page 70 of 75
• bacteria
• fungi
• protozoa
accept a named non-viral pathogenic
micro-organism such as ‘salmonella’
do not accept names of diseases
do not accept ‘germs’
1 (L4)
• so that alcohol can be seen

accept ‘so you can see it’
• alcohol is difficult to see
• you cannot easily see a colourless liquid

accept ‘you cannot see a colourless liquid’
• to make it easier to read the thermometer

accept ‘so you can read it’
1 (L4)
(ii) • gas

1 (L3)
• liquid
1 (L4)
answers must be in the correct order
[7]
Q27.
(a) a male has antlers
accept ‘the males have horns’; ‘it was bigger than others’
accept ‘it has a beard or hair around the neck’
1 (L3)
(b) they all have these characteristics

accept ‘all deer have these things’;
‘all young deer look the same’;
‘they all have spots or skinny legs’;
‘an adult fallow deer has spots’
‘an adult female has spots’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
(c) any two from
• (adult) red deer does not have spots

accept the converse
accept ‘the spots’
• the shape of the antlers or horns
Page 71 of 75
accept ‘the things on its head are too wide’
• the red deer has hair round its neck

accept ‘the red deer is hairy’
‘it looks like a fallow deer’
or ‘it is a fallow deer’ are insufficient
2 (L4)
(d) any two from
• beard or hair under neck

accept ‘too hairy’; ‘different kind of fur’
• the shape of the antlers

accept ‘the shape of the horns’; ‘horns’
• rounder nose

accept ‘it has more than two antlers’; ‘the head’
or face is a different shape or size’;
‘the face looks different’; ‘bigger feet’
or ‘different hooves’
do not accept ‘it has a hump’
2 (L4)
[6]
Q28.
(a) any one from
• to make sure the water in the boiling tube had reached the
required temperature
accept ‘time for the water in the test-tube to heat up’
• to make sure the rate stabilised or adjusted to the new temperature
accept ‘let it settle first’; ‘the bubbles reach a steady pace’;
‘to get rid of bubbles from the liquid’;
‘to get rid of trapped bubbles’
1 (L5)
(b) (i) a smooth curve through all six points

1 (L6)
(ii) a temperature from 32 to 38

accept any reading consistent with the maximum
point on the drawn curve
1 (L6)
(c) any one from
• A, B, C
accept ‘A, B, C and D’
• the first three readings
• between 10°C and 30°C

accept ‘between 10°C and 40°C’
Page 72 of 75
accept ‘10°C, 20°C and 30°C’ or ‘10, 20, 30’
• between A and C

accept ‘between A and B’ or ‘between A and D’
or ‘between B and D’
do not accept ‘between C and D’
1 (L6)
(d) any one from
• use smaller intervals of measuring the temperature

accept an example of specific intervals such as
‘do it at intervals of 2°C’
• use temperatures between 30°C and 40°C

accept ‘take more measurements’
accept ‘take a reading at 35°C’
answers must refer to the collection of data rather
than to the presentation of data ‘repeat the test’
is insufficient but may be accepted with additional
measurements
1 (L6)
[5]
Q29.
(a) B - the graph increases most steeply
accept ‘the graph is steepest’; ‘the line is steeper’;
‘it is very steep’
both the answer and the correct explanation are
required for the mark
1 (L6)
(b) C
any one from
• the slope of the graph becomes less steep
• the growth of the population slows down

accept ‘the population begins to level off’
both the answer and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
do not accept ‘they stop having offspring’
or ’they stop multiplying’
1 (L7)
(c) they are equal or the same
any one from
• the graph is horizontal

accept ‘the graph is flat’
• the population does not change
Page 73 of 75
both the answer and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
‘they are steady’ is insufficient
‘the line is straight’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
(d) any two from
• new predators

accept ‘more predators’
• no food
accept ‘not enough food’
• the population is poisoned

accept ‘pollution in the water’
accept ‘acid rain’
• disease
• the lake or pond dried up or froze

award marks for answers which indicate sudden,
serious changes in conditions
2 (L7)
[5]
Q30.
(a) (i) 1000
1 (L6)
(ii) any three from
• she was using her muscles more

accept ‘she was using her muscles’
• she needed more energy
• her rate of respiration increased

accept ‘more respiration’
• more oxygen was used up

accept ‘more oxygen was needed’
• more carbon dioxide was produced

accept ‘there was more carbon dioxide to remove’
accept for the first two marking points ‘her muscles
need more energy’
3 (L7)
(b) (i) it became faster

1 (L6)
(ii) any one from
• the breaths are closer together
Page 74 of 75
accept ‘the waves are closer together’
• there are more breaths in 10 s

accept ‘there are more waves in 10 s’
accept ‘there are three breaths in the first
ten seconds and five in the next ten seconds’
1 (L7)
[6]
Page 75 of 75

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Q1.

Two pupils planted lettuce seeds at three different temperatures.

Their results are shown in the table.

temperature, in °C day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 day 6

Write down the question the pupils were investigating.

Tick the correct box for each conclusion.

conclusions true false cannot

The earliest germination was at 25°C.

5°C was too cold for seeds to germinate.

The best temperature for germination was 15°C.

‘Wilting roses are a thing of the past.’

In your plan give:

His results are shown in the table below.

volume of alkali added (cm3) pH of resulting mixture

(a) Use his results to draw a graph on the grid below.

• Label the axes.

• Plot the points.

• Draw a smooth curve.

(b) Look at the graph.

Charles Darwin concluded from this investigation:

If a plot of ground is sown with one species of grass and a

(d) Which one factor was changed in Sinclair’s investigation?

(e) The soil in each plot was tested.

The table below shows their results.

mass of water and container (g)

(f) In which room did the water evaporate more quickly?

room 1 room 2

Use their data to explain your answer.

at the start five days later

(i) Look at the drawings of the balance.

Which two substances were lost into the air?

Give two factors which are being controlled in this survey.

(c) Jack’s grandad says: Jack says:

(b) Debbie put 5 g of aluminium rivets into the paper cup.

Here are some of the steps in their investigation.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

(b) Why did they use a measuring cylinder?

(c) They used water at 60°C in both beakers.

What else did they do to make their investigation fair?

(a) What type of statement did the pupils make?

conclusions methods

observations predictions

(b) Sensors at different places recorded the vibrations of the ground.

Sensor A was near where pupils jumped

Sensor B was at another place near where pupils jumped

Sensor C was at a place far away from where pupils jumped

(a) Three of the gases caused the indicator to change colour.

gases change in colour number of drops

exhaust gases green to red 31

(i) Which gas dissolved to form the most acidic solution?

Explain your choice.

(ii) Which gas formed a neutral solution?

Explain your choice.

(b) Some metals react with acids in the air.

zinc + hydrochloric → ........................................ + ........................................

He continued to measure his heart rate at regular intervals.

This is a graph of his results.

(b) Harry says cola affects his heart rate.

(c) Harry and Yasmin came to the following conclusions.

quickest __ _ slowest