ACFrOgATmAH4TfZlNJfasdVHB8bZ1AOHHdLkMNLWPOKf1top4TG6t1R7gyJw8n1 Xi2d58 WNIxMT2hVVofaaWp7VRfA8DRjSzI8ENamSiWAVYikQ NLzIN4aLicQ8gBh0k4eDklfczm3U36z6i3

Answer the following questions:
1. What are the differences between:
• Impressionism- was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin,

yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its
changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject
matter, unusual visual angles, and inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human
perception and experience. Impressionism originated with a group of Paris-based artists
whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s.
• Post-Impressionism- is the Post Impressionists use of forms that were based on geometric
shapes and patterns, as well as colors that were sometimes more vivid and unnatural
when compared to work that were considered to be Impressionist.
• Neo-impressionism- are a strong belief in science and color theory, as well as the use of
bright colors and an optical mixture technique (optical mixture) intended to increase color
luminosity, and the use of a mechanical brushstroke technique (mechanical application) to
suppress this skill
2. Define the following terms:

• Symbolism- was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry
and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and
metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realism.
• Art Nouveau- ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910
throughout Europe and the United States. Art Nouveau is characterized by its use of a
long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture, interior design,
jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustration.
• Fauvism- style of painting that flourished in France around the turn of the 20th century.
Fauve artists used pure, brilliant colour aggressively applied straight from the paint tubes
to create a sense of an explosion on the canvas.
• Expressionism- artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but
rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse within a
person. The artist accomplishes this aim through distortion, exaggeration, primitivism,
and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal
elements.
• Cubism- highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was created
principally by the artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris between 1907 and
1914. The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane,
rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and
chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories that art should imitate nature. Cubist
painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and space. Instead, they
presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects.
• Dadaism and Surrealism- Dada and Surrealism are two artistic movements that began in
the early 20th century. Surrealism is a movement that developed out of Dada; this
movement was also greatly influenced by Freud’s theories on ego, superego and id. This
influence of Freudian theories can be identified as the main difference between Dada and
Surrealism.
• Constructivism- is an early twentieth-century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir

Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko. Abstract and austere, constructivist art aimed to reflect
modern industrial society and urban space. The movement rejected decorative stylization
in favor of the industrial assemblage of materials. Constructivists were in favour of art for
propaganda and social purposes, and were associated with Soviet socialism, the
Bolsheviks and the Russian avant-garde.
• De Still Abstract expressionism- De Stijl is a Dutch art movement which started in 1917.
These De Stijl artists were known for their Neoplasticist style: an abstract use of
geometric shapes, specifically rectangles, and primary colors, along with black and white.
While De Stijl was a movement mainly within painting and architecture, it also could be
found in typography, industrial design, textiles, and more.
• Optical art- branch of mid-20th-century geometric abstract art that deals with optical
illusion. Achieved through the systematic and precise manipulation of shapes and colours,
the effects of Op art can be based either on perspective illusion or on chromatic tension;
in painting, the dominant medium of Op art, the surface tension is usually maximized to
the point at which an actual pulsation or flickering is perceived by the human eye.
• Pop art- art movement of the late 1950s and ’60s that was inspired by commercial and
popular culture. Although it did not have a specific style or attitude, Pop art was defined
as a diverse response to the postwar era’s commodity-driven values, often using
commonplace objects (such as comic strips, soup cans, road signs, and hamburgers) as
subject matter or as part of the work.
• Minimalism- also called ABC art, is the culmination of reductionist tendencies in modern
art that first surfaced in the 1913 composition by the Russian painter Kasimir Malevich of
a black square on a white ground. The primary structures of the Minimalist sculptors
Donald Judd, Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, Tony Smith, Anthony Caro, Sol LeWitt, John
McCracken, Craig Kaufman, Robert Duran, and Robert Morris and the hard-edge
painting of Jack Youngerman, Ellsworth Kelly, Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Al Held,
and Gene Davis grew out of these artists’ dissatisfaction with Action painting, a branch of
American Abstract Expressionism based on intuitive, spontaneous gesture that had
dominated American avant-garde art through much of the 1950s.
• Conceptual Art- also referred to as conceptualism, is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s)
involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic, technical, and material
concerns. Some works of conceptual art, sometimes called installations, may be
constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions. This method was
fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt's definition of conceptual art, one of the first
to appear in print:
• Photo-realism- also called Super-realism, American art movement that began in the
1960s, taking photography as its inspiration. Photo-realist painters created highly
illusionistic images that referred not to nature but to the reproduced image.
• Futurism- Italian Futurismo, Russian Futurizm, early 20th-century artistic movement

centred in Italy that emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and power of the machine
and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern life. During the second decade of the
20th century, the movement’s influence radiated outward across most of Europe, most
significantly to the Russian avant-garde. The most-significant results of the movement
were in the visual arts and poetry.
• Installation Art (Body Art, Earth and Land, Performance Art)- is a term generally used to
describe artwork located in three-dimensional interior space as the word "install" means
putting something inside of something else. It is often site-specific - designed to have a
particular relationship, whether temporary or permanent, with its spatial environment on
an architectural, conceptual, or social level. It also creates a high level of intimacy
between itself and the viewer as it exists not as a precious object to be merely looked at
but as a presence within the overall context of its container whether that is a building,
museum, or designated room.
Instrumental Music
 Baroque- a style of music that prevailed during the period from about 1600 to about
1750, known for its grandiose, dramatic, and energetic spirit but also for its stylistic
diversity.
 Classical- which covers roughly the second half of the 18th century, is one of the most
significant periods in the development of orchestration. The most talented composers of
this period were Mozart and Haydn. Many important developments took place during this
time. The orchestra became standardized. The Classical orchestra came to consist of
strings (first and second violins, violas, violoncellos, and double basses), two flutes, two
oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two or four horns, two trumpets, and two timpani.
Toward the end of his career, in the London Symphonies, Haydn introduced clarinets as
part of the woodwind section, a change that was to be permanent.
 Romantic- Musical Romanticism was marked by emphasis on originality and
individuality, personal emotional expression, and freedom and experimentation of form.
Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert bridged the Classical and Romantic periods,
for while their formal musical techniques were basically Classical, their music’s intensely
personal feeling and their use of programmatic elements provided an important model for
19th-century Romantic composers. The possibilities for dramatic expressiveness in music
were augmented both by the expansion and perfection of the instrumental repertoire and
by the creation of new musical forms, such as the lied, nocturne, intermezzo, capriccio,
prelude, and mazurka. The Romantic spirit often found inspiration in poetic texts,
legends, and folk tales, and the linking of words and music either programmatically or
through such forms as the concert overture and incidental music is another distinguishing
feature of Romantic music.
 Modern- is an aesthetic stance underlying the period of change and development in
musical language that occurred around the turn of the 20th century, a period of diverse
reactions in challenging and reinterpreting older categories of music, innovations that led
to new ways of organizing and approaching harmonic, melodic, sonic, and rhythmic
aspects of music, and changes in aesthetic worldviews in close relation to the larger
identifiable period of modernism in the arts of the time. The operative word most
associated with it is "innovation". Its leading feature is a "linguistic plurality", which is to
say that no one music genre ever assumed a dominant position.
Deadline:
May 7, 2023

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Answer the following questions:

1. What are the differences between:

• Impressionism- was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin,

2. Define the following terms:

• Constructivism- is an early twentieth-century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir

• Futurism- Italian Futurismo, Russian Futurizm, early 20th-century artistic movement

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