Academic Writing Notes

Types of Academic Writing
1. Book Review or Article Critique

It gives essential information about a book (fiction or nonfiction) or an article (e.g. newspaper, magazines,
academic journal) and provides an evaluation or a critical analysis of it.
Before writing a book review or an article critique, you are required to do the following:
Read the material
 Before you can begin writing a book review or an article critique, you have to read and understand the
material first. The material that you will review or critique would require you to read actively,
intelligently, and critically. You have to go beyond the content of the material.
 As you read, take down important notes. Write down the following elements which will be useful in your
review or critique: title; genre; for a book: theme, characters, mood, and tone; for an article: main ideas
or arguments, and presentation of ideas; author’s writing style and language; and author’s purpose.
 Formulate questions about the content. These questions may be about concepts that you do not fully
understand or you want to elaborate later in your analysis.
 Your paper should give an informed analysis of the material. It should be more than just a summary of
the book or article.
 Be mindful of the structure of your review or critique. Like all essays, a book review or an article critique
has an introduction, body and conclusion.
Structure and Features of Book Review and an Article Critique
 Introduction
 Body
 Conclusion
2. Literature Review
Integrated analysis and synthesis of scholarly articles related to the topics or issues included in your written
thesis, dissertation, or journal article. It is used to describe critically, summarize, and evaluate the updated
information from sources like academic books, journal articles, research resources, and government articles.
Structure and Features of Literature Review
 Chronological Literature Review- is a type of review where the information is arranged sequentially in the
progression of time. It is best used for historiographical papers and research methodology that focuses more on
how the ideas have developed over time.
 Thematic Literature Review- is a type of review that defines or describes theory of categories significant to your
research. It can be compared to an inverted pyramid that focuses on broad to specific topics and ends with a
synthesis.
3. Research Report
It is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new
conclusions. Thus, researchers follow certain processes to reach valid conclusions and discoveries.
 Formal Research- is done when you conduct a thorough inquiry on a particular topic
 Informal Research- is conducted on tasks that do not require a highly structured paper as an ouput
4. Project Proposal
A project proposal is a document used to present the general plan and justification to pursue a project. It is
usually two to four pages in length. The purpose of writing a project proposal is to serve as a guide, to get
funding, to convince people to participate, and to serve as a reference for evaluating the project.
5. Position Paper
Also known as the point of view paper, is used to claim a one-sided position on a specific issue. It contains
factual arguments to support the one-sided claim or position statement, but this will not limit the paper to
present just only the strength but also the weakness of the position statement.
Structure and Features of Position Paper
 Introduction- keep in mind that you could only take one side of the argument
 Body- the content may have several paragraphs. It may begin with short background information or discussion
of arguments on both sides of the issue. In each paragraph, write an explanation or an observation to clarify the
portion of the position statement, followed by a supporting evidence.
 End Statement/Conclusion- summarize and reinforce the concepts and facts presented without repeating the
introduction and its content

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Types of Academic Writing

1. Book Review or Article Critique

Structure and Features of Book Review and an Article Critique

Structure and Features of Literature Review

Structure and Features of Position Paper

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