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    HAPP LEC 6 Articular System

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    Jomar Manalang
    This document describes the different classes of joints in the body: fibrous joints with little movement held together by fibrous tissue; cartilaginous joints with slight movement united by cartilage; and synovial joints, which are the most movable and consist of articular cartilage, a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane that produces lubricating fluid, and come in different shapes allowing various types of movement.

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    HAPP LEC 6 Articular System

    Uploaded by

    Jomar Manalang
    14 views10 pages
    This document describes the different classes of joints in the body: fibrous joints with little movement held together by fibrous tissue; cartilaginous joints with slight movement united by cartilage; and synovial joints, which are the most movable and consist of articular cartilage, a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane that produces lubricating fluid, and come in different shapes allowing various types of movement.

    Original Description:

    Articulatory system

    Original Title

    HAPP-LEC-6-Articular-System

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    This document describes the different classes of joints in the body: fibrous joints with little movement held together by fibrous tissue; cartilaginous joints with slight movement united by cartilage; and synovial joints, which are the most movable and consist of articular cartilage, a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane that produces lubricating fluid, and come in different shapes allowing various types of movement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views10 pages

    HAPP LEC 6 Articular System

    Uploaded by

    Jomar Manalang
    This document describes the different classes of joints in the body: fibrous joints with little movement held together by fibrous tissue; cartilaginous joints with slight movement united by cartilage; and synovial joints, which are the most movable and consist of articular cartilage, a joint cavity lined with synovial membrane that produces lubricating fluid, and come in different shapes allowing various types of movement.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    ARTICULATIONS / JOINTS

    CLASSES OF JOINTS
    ➢ A joint, or an articulation, is a place where two bones come together.
    ➢ Joints are named according to the bones or parts of bones involved.
    ➢ Joints are classified structurally according to the type of connective tissue that
    binds them together and whether fluid is present between the bones.

    FIBROUS JOINTS
    ➢ Fibrous joints, in which bones are connected by fibrous tissue with no joint cavity,
    are capable of little or no movement.
    ➢ Sutures involve interdigitating bones held together by dense fibrous connective
    tissue. They occur between most skull bones.
    ➢ Syndesmoses are joints consisting of fibrous ligaments.
    ➢ Gomphoses are joints in which pegs fit into sockets and are held in place by
    periodontal ligaments (teeth in the jaws).
    ➢ Some sutures and other joints can become ossified (synostoses).

    Fetal Skull Showing Fontanels and Sutures


    (a) Lateral view of the fetal skull fontanels and sutures. (b) Superior view of the fetal skull fontanels and
    sutures.

    CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
    ➢ Unite two bones by means of cartilage. Only slight movement can occur at these
    joints. The connecting cartilage can be either hyaline or fibrocartilage. Joints
    containing cartilage are called synchondroses; joints containing fibrocartilage are
    called symphyses.

    SYNOVIAL JOINTS
    1. Synovial joints are capable of considerable movement. They consist of the following:
    - Articular cartilage on the ends of bones that provides a smooth surface for
    articulation. Articular disks can provide additional support.
    - A joint cavity is surrounded by a joint capsule of fibrous connective tissue, which
    holds the bones together while permitting flexibility. A synovial membrane produces
    synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint.
    2. Bursae are extensions of synovial joints that protect skin, tendons, or bone from
    structures that could rub against them.
    3. Synovial joints are classified according to the shape of the adjoining articular surfaces:
    plane (two flat surfaces), saddle (two saddle-shaped surfaces), hinge (concave and
    convex surfaces), pivot (cylindrical projection inside a ring), ball-and-socket (rounded
    surface into a socket), and ellipsoid (ellipsoid concave and convex surfaces).

    Structure of a Synovial Joint


    Synovial joints are highly movable connections between bones. A membrane-lined and
    fluid cavity separates the bones.
    Types of Synovial Joints
    There are six types of synovial joints found throughout the body. The degree of
    movement varies with the specific joint type.
    Examples of Synovial Joints
    TYPES OF MOVEMENT
    ➢ Gliding movements occur when two flat surfaces glide over one another.
    ➢ Angular movements include flexion and extension, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion,
    and abduction and adduction.
    ➢ Circular movements include rotation, pronation and supination, and
    circumduction.
    ➢ Special movements include elevation and depression, protraction and retraction,
    excursion, opposition and reposition, and inversion and eversion.
    ➢ Combination movements involve two or more of the previously mentioned
    movements.

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