The Greek

culture/culture of
Greece.
A work by :
- Mohamed Mazzouji .
- Mohammed Saou .
- With the help of prof Belbacha .
 The outline
 – Introduction.
 1 – Arts.
 2 – Cuisine.
 3 – Education.
 4 – Greek people.
 5 – Language.
 6 – Literature.
 7 – Philosophy, science and mathematics.
 8 – Politics.
 9 – Public holidays and festivals.
 10 – Religion.
 11 – Sports.
 12 – Symbols.

Introduction
The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of
years, beginning in Minoan and later in Mycenaean Greece,
continuing most notably into Classical Greece, while
influencing the Roman Empire and its successor
the Byzantine Empire. Other cultures and states such as
the Frankish states, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian
Republic and Bavarian and Danish monarchies have also
left their influence on modern Greek culture, but historians
credit the Greek War of Independence and democracy.
Modern democracies owe a debt to Greek beliefs in
government by the people, trial by jury, and equality under
the law. The ancient Greeks pioneered in many fields that
rely on systematic thought, including biology, geometry,
history, philosophy, and physics. They introduced such
important literary forms as epic and lyric poetry, history,
tragedy, and comedy. In their pursuit of order and
proportion, the Greeks created an ideal of beauty that
strongly influenced Western art.
 The Parthenon is an enduring symbol
of ancient Greece and the Athenian
democracy. It is regarded as one of the
world's greatest cultural monuments.
Greece
 Greece, or officially the
Hellenic Republic, also known
since ancient times as Hellas,
is a country located in
southeastern Europe.
According to the 2019 census,
the population of Greece was
approximately 10,750,000.
Athens is the country's capital
and largest city, followed by
Thessaloniki.
 1- Arts
Architecture.
The first great ancient Greek civilisation were the Minoans, a Bronze
Age Aegean civilization on Crete and other Aegean Islands, that
flourished from c. 3000 BC to c. 1450 BC and, after a late period of
decline, finally ended around 1100 BC during the early Greek Dark Ages.
At the height of their power, they built architecture ranging from city
houses and royal palaces. Exemplary of this construction was the palace of
king Minos, located at Knossos, which was composed of two to three
levels, had over 500 rooms and many terraces with porticos and stairs.
Following the relocation of the capital of the Roman Empire
to Constantinople in 330 AD, and the fall of the Western Roman
Empire some 150 years later, the architects of the Eastern Roman Empire,
or the Byzantine Empire, built city walls, palaces, hippodromes,
bridges, aqueducts, and churches. After the independence of Greece and
during the nineteenth century, Neoclassical architecture was heavily used
for both public and private buildings.
 The National Library of The Little Metropolis (Athens), 9th-13th
Greece (Athens), 1888 century, unknown architect
Mosaic in the Hosios Loukas (Distomo- The Temple of Hephaestus on the
Arachova-Antikyra, Greece), circa 10th Agoraios Kolonos Hill (Athens, Greece),
century AD circa 449 BC

V1
  Cinema.
Cinema first appeared in Greece in 1896, but the
first actual cine-theatre was opened in 1907. In 1914,
the Asty Films Company was founded, which started
the production of long films in
Greece. Golfo (Γκόλφω), a well known traditional love
story, is the first Greek long movie, although there
were several minor productions such as newscasts
before this.

Olympion Theatre in Thessaloniki, seat of the Thessaloniki International Film

Festival.
  Painting.
I. Ancient Greece
 There were several interconnected traditions of painting in
ancient Greece. Due to their technical differences, they underwent
somewhat differentiated developments.
II. Byzantine Greece
 Byzantine art is the term created for the Eastern Roman
Empire from about the 5th century AD until the fall
of Constantinople in 1453.
III. Post-Byzantine and Modern Greece
 The term Cretan School describes an important school of icon
painting, also known as Post-Byzantine art, which flourished
while Crete was under Venetian rule during the late Middle Ages,
reaching its climax after the Fall of Constantinople, becoming the
central force in Greek painting during the 15th, 16th and 17th
centuries.

Mosaic from Daphni Monastery (ca. Dormition of the Virgin by El Carols by Nikiforos Lytras
1100) Greco
  Sculpture
O Ancient Greek monumental sculpture was composed almost entirely
of marble or bronze; with cast bronze becoming the favoured medium
for major works by the early 5th century.
O The Byzantines inherited the early Christian distrust of monumental
sculpture in religious art, and produced only reliefs, of which very few
survivals are anything like life-size, in sharp contrast to the medieval art of
the West, where monumental sculpture revived from Carolingian
art onwards.
O After the establishment of the Greek Kingdom and the western
influence of Neoclassicism, sculpture was re-discovered by the Greek
artists.
"Discobolus"
statue
by Konstantin
os Dimitriadis,
outside
Peplos Kore at the Acropolis the Panathen
Museum. aic Stadium
 2- Cuisine
O Greek cuisine has a long tradition and its flavors change with
the season and its geography. Greek cookery, historically a
forerunner of Western cuisine, spread its culinary influence –
via ancient Rome – throughout Europe and beyond.
O Wine production
Greece is one of the oldest wine-producing regions in the
world. The earliest evidence of Greek wine has been dated to
6,500 years ago where wine was produced on a household or
communal basis.
A
bottle
of
retsina
V2 Greek salad
 3- Education
 Education in Greece is compulsory for all children 6–15 years
old; namely, it includes Primary (Dimotiko) and Lower Secondary
(Gymnasio) Education. The school life of the students, however,
can start from the age of 2.5 years (pre-school education) in
institutions (private and public) called "Vrefonipiakoi Paidikoi
Stathmi" (creches).
 Post-compulsory Secondary Education, according to the reforms
of 1997 and 2006, consists of two main school types: Genika
Lykeia (General Upper Secondary Schools) and the
Epaggelmatika Lykeia (Vocational Upper Secondary Schools), as
well as the Epaggelmatikes Sxoles (Vocational Schools).
 Additionally, students are admitted to the Hellenic Open
University upon the completion of the 22 year of age by drawing
lots.
Overview of the campus of the Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki, the largest
university in Greece and the Balkans
 The most famous artist
4- Greek people born in Greece was
probably Doménikos
Theotokópoulos, better
known as El Greco (The
Greek) in Spain. He did
most of his painting there
during the late 1500s and
early 1600s.
The annunciation is one
of his most famous works.
Alexander the Konstantinos
Great also known as Petrou Kavafis
Alexander III, king of was a Greek
Macedon, was one of poet, journalist
the most successful and civil
military commanders servant from
in history. alexanderia.
5- Language
 The Greek language is the official language of the Hellenic
Republic and Republic of Cyprus and has a total of 15 million speakers
worldwide; it is an Indo-European language.
 Greek has had enormous impact on other languages both directly on
the Romance languages, and indirectly through its influence on the
emerging Latin language during the early days of Rome. Signs of this
influence, and its many developments, can be seen throughout the family of
Western European languages.
 Katharévousa is a form of the Greek Language midway between modern
and ancient forms set in train during the early nineteenth century by Greek
intellectual and revolutionary leader Adamantios Korais, intended to return
the Greek language closer to its ancient form.
The Indo-European
languages are a
language family
native to the
overwhelming
majority of Europe,
the Iranian plateau,
and the northern
Indian subcontinent.
 6- Literature
 Greece has a remarkably rich and resilient literary tradition, extending
over 2800 years and through several eras. The Classical era is that most
commonly associated with Greek Literature, beginning in 800 BCE and
maintaining its influence through to the beginnings of Byzantine period,
whereafter the influence of Christianity began to spawn a new
development of the Greek written word. The many elements of a
millennia-old tradition are reflected in Modern Greek literature, including
the works of the Nobel laureates Odysseus Elytis and George Seferis.

 Homer was a Greek poet who is

credited as the author of the Iliad
and the Odyssey, two epic poems
that are foundational works of
ancient Greek literature. Homer is
considered one of the most revered
and influential authors in history.
7- Philosophy and science
 The Greek world is widely regarded as having given birth to scientific
thought by means of observation, thought, and development of a theory
without the intervention of a supernatural
force. Thales, Anaximander and Democritus were amongst those
contributing significantly to the establishment of this tradition. It is also,
and perhaps more commonly in the western imagination, identified with
the dawn of Western philosophy, as well as a mapping out of the natural
sciences. Greek developments of mathematics continued well up until the
decline of the Byzantine Empire. In the modern era Greeks continue to
contribute to the fields of science, mathematics and philosophy.
Aristarchus of
Samos was the Constantin
first known Carathéodory, who
individual to introduced
propose several mathematic
a heliocentric al theorems.
system, in the 3rd
century BC
 8- Politics
 Greece is a Parliamentary Republic with a president
assuming a more ceremonial role than in some other
republics, and the Prime Minister chosen from the leader of
the majority party in the parliament. Greece has a
codified constitution and a written Bill of Rights embedded
within it. The current Prime Minister is Kyriakos Mitsotakis.

The building of
the Hellenic
Parliament,
the Old Royal
Palace of Otto
of Greece.
V3
9- Public holidays and
festivals
 According to Greek Law every Sunday of the
year is a public holiday. In addition, there are four
obligatory, official public holidays: March 25
(Greek Independence Day), Easter Monday,
August 15 (Assumption or Dormition of the Holy
Virgin) and December 25 (Christmas). Two more
days, May 1 (Labour Day) and October 28 (Ohi
Day), are regulated by law as optional but it is
customary for employees to be given the day off.
 10- Religion
O What is Greek religion called?
 The religion of Greek people is an important aspect of their culture. The
population in mainland Greece and the Greek islands is Christian
Orthodox per 90%. The religion of the rest of the population is Muslims,
Catholic, Jewish and other minorities.
O What does the Greek religion believe?
 The ancient Greeks believed in gods who were involved in all aspects of
human life—work, theater, justice, politics, marriage, battle. There was
no separation of church and state. The gods of this ancient Greek
pantheon were very human.

O What is the main religion in ancient Greece?

 Ancient Greek religion was a polytheistic religion without a book,
church, creed, or a professional priestly class.
 10- Religion
O When did Greek religion end?
O The short answer is the classical Greek religion we recognize
as Greek mythology came to an end in the 9th century in
the Mani Peninsula area of Greece when the last pagans were
converted.
O What are the 3 main religions in Greece?
O Greek Orthodoxy (90%)
O Other Christians (3%)
O Islam (2%)
O Other religions (1%)
O Unaffiliated (4%)
 11- Sports
O What is the major sport in Greece?
 Greece's national sport is football (soccer), and basketball has
increased in popularity since the 1980s.
O What were some Greek sports?
 Contests included footraces, the long jump, diskos and javelin
throwing, wrestling, the pentathlon (a combination of these five
events), boxing, the pankration (a combination of wrestling and
boxing), horse races, and chariot races.
O What sport did Greeks invent?
 Chariot races were one of the oldest Greek sports—artistic
evidence on ancient pottery suggests that the event dates back to
the Mycenean Period from 1600 to 1100 B.C., and the poet
Homer describes a chariot race held at the funeral of Patroclus in
the Iliad, Giannopoulou notes.
The pankration Chariot races

Diskos Javelin throwing

 12- Symbols
O The national colours of Greece are blue and white. The coat of
arms of Greece consists of a white cross on a
blue escutcheon which is surrounded by
two laurel branches. The Flag of Greece is also blue and white, as
defined by Law 851/1978 Regarding the National Flag. It specifies
the colour of "cyan" (Greek: κυανό, kyano), meaning "blue", so
the shade of blue is ambiguous.
O The Order of the Redeemer and military decoration Cross of
Valour both have ribbons in the national colours

Traditional flag Coat of

used from 1769 arms of
to the War of Greece
Independence. Royalty.
 ευχαριστώ
Efcharistó (Thanks).