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    Design Project 1 Group 2

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    Omar Mrag
    Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs. There are different types including bacterial, viral, and mycoplasma pneumonia. Risk factors include older age, young children, smoking, and certain medical conditions. Symptoms may include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, blood tests, and sputum culture. Treatment depends on the cause but often involves antibiotics, rest, fluids and may require hospitalization for severe cases. Prevention includes vaccines for flu and pneumococcus. Complications can include respiratory failure, sepsis, and lung abscesses

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    Design Project 1 Group 2

    Uploaded by

    Omar Mrag
    10 views6 pages
    Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs. There are different types including bacterial, viral, and mycoplasma pneumonia. Risk factors include older age, young children, smoking, and certain medical conditions. Symptoms may include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, blood tests, and sputum culture. Treatment depends on the cause but often involves antibiotics, rest, fluids and may require hospitalization for severe cases. Prevention includes vaccines for flu and pneumococcus. Complications can include respiratory failure, sepsis, and lung abscesses

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    Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs. There are different types including bacterial, viral, and mycoplasma pneumonia. Risk factors include older age, young children, smoking, and certain medical conditions. Symptoms may include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, blood tests, and sputum culture. Treatment depends on the cause but often involves antibiotics, rest, fluids and may require hospitalization for severe cases. Prevention includes vaccines for flu and pneumococcus. Complications can include respiratory failure, sepsis, and lung abscesses

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views6 pages

    Design Project 1 Group 2

    Uploaded by

    Omar Mrag
    Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs. There are different types including bacterial, viral, and mycoplasma pneumonia. Risk factors include older age, young children, smoking, and certain medical conditions. Symptoms may include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, blood tests, and sputum culture. Treatment depends on the cause but often involves antibiotics, rest, fluids and may require hospitalization for severe cases. Prevention includes vaccines for flu and pneumococcus. Complications can include respiratory failure, sepsis, and lung abscesses

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    pneumonia

    By:

    Heba muftah

    Khwlah qassem

    Asmaa Ramadan

    Aya zakaria

    Fatimah abdulsalam

    SV:

    Eng. Omar murajia ali

    2023
    Definition:

    Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It is a serious


    infection in which the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid.

     Lobar pneumonia affects one or more sections (lobes) of the lungs.


     Bronchial pneumonia (also known as bronchopneumonia) affects patches throughout
    both lungs.

    Causes pneumonia:

     Bacterial pneumonia. This type is caused by various bacteria. the most common is
    streptococcus pneumonia . It usually occurs when the body is weakened in some way,
    such as by illness, poor nutrition, old age, or impaired immunity, and the bacteria are
    able work their way into the lungs.
     Mycoplasma pneumonia. This type has somewhat different symptoms and physical
    signs and is referred to as atypical pneumonia. It is caused by the bacterium
    Mycoplasma pneumonia. It generally causes a mild, widespread pneumonia that
    affects all age groups.
     Viral pneumonia. This type is caused by viruses, including the flu (influenza), and is
    responsible for about one-third of all pneumonia.
     Other pneumonia.

    Risk for pneumonia:

     Adult ages 65 and older.


     Children younger than age 2.
     People with certain medical conditions.
     People that smoke.

    2
     Symptoms of pneumonia:
     bluish colour to lips and fingernails.
     Confused metal state or delirium, especially I older people.
     Cough that produce green, yellow, or bloody mucus.
     Fever.
     Heavy sweating.
     Loss of appetite.
     Low energy ad extreme tiredness.
     Rapid breathing.
     Rapid pulse.
     Shaking chills.
     Sharp or stabbing chest pain that worse with deep breathing or coughing.
     Shortness of breath that gets worse with activity.

    Early symptoms of viral pneumonia are the same as those of bacterial pneumonia, which
    may e followed by:

     Headache.
     Increasing shortness of breath.
     Muscle pain.
     Weakness.
     Worsening of the cough.

    Mycoplasma pneumonia has somewhat different symptoms, which include a severe cough that
    may produce mucus.

    Pneumonia diagnosed:

    Diagnosed is usually made based on your recent health history (such as surgery, a cold, or
    travel exposures) and the extent of the illness. Based on these factors, your healthcare
    provider may diagnose pneumonia simply on a thorough history and physical exam. The
    following tests may be used to confirm the diagnosis:

     Chest X-ray. This test takes picture of internal tissues, bones, and organs, including the
    lungs.

    3
    Chest X-ray

     Blood tests. This test may be used to see whether infection is present and if infection
    has spread to the bloodstream (blood cultures).

    Blood tests

     Arterial blood gas (ABG). Testing checks the amount of oxygen in your bloodstream.
     Sputum culture. This test is done on the material that is coughed up from the lungs and
    into the mouth. It is often used to see if there’s an infection in the lungs.

    (ABG)

     Pulse oximetry. An oximeter is a small machine that measures the amount of oxygen in
    the blood. A small sensor is taped or clipped onto a finger. When the machine is on, a
    small red light can be seen in the sensor. The test is painless and the red light does not
    get hot.

    4
    (PO)

     Bronchoscopy. This is direct exam of the bronchi (the main airways of the lungs) using
    a flexible tube (called a bronchoscope). It helps to evaluate and diagnose lung
    problems, assess blockages, and take out sample of tissue and/or fluid for testing.

    Bronchoscopy

     Pleural fluid culture. In this test, a sample of a fluid sample is taken from the pleural
    space. This is the space between the lungs and chest wall. A long, thin needle is put
    through the skin between the ribs and into the pleural space. Fluid is pulled into a
    syringe attached to the needle. It is out which bacteria is causing the pneumonia.

    (PFC)

    Treatment of pneumonia:

    Treatment depend on the type of pneumonia you have. Most of the time, pneumonia is treated
    at home, but severe cases may be treated in the hospital. Antibiotics are used for bacterial
    pneumonia. Antibiotics may also speed recovery from mycoplasma pneumonia and some
    special cases. Most viral pneumonias don’t have specific treatment. They usually get better on
    their own.

    Other treatment may include eating well, increasing fluid intake, getting rest, oxygen therapy,
    pain medicine, fever control, and maybe cough-relief medicine if cough is severe.

    Prevention of pneumonia:

    5
    Check with your healthcare provider about getting immunizations. The flu is a common cause of
    pneumonia. Because of that, getting a flu shot every year can help prevent both the flu and
    pneumonia.

    There is also a pneumococcal vaccine. It will protect you from a common form of bacterial
    pneumonia. Children younger than age 5 and adults ages 65 and older should get this shot.

    The pneumococcal shot is also recommended for all children and adults who are at increased
    risk of pneumococcal disease due to other health condition.

    Complication of pneumonia:

    Most people with pneumonia respond well to treatment, but pneumonia can be very serious
    and even deadly.

    You are more likely to have complication if you are an older adult, a very young child, have a
    weakened immune system, or have a serious medical problem like diabetes or cirrhosis.

    Complication may include:

     Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARBS). This is a severe form of respiratory


    failure.
     Lung abscesses. These are pockets of pus that form inside or around the lung. They
    may need to be drained with surgery.
     Respiratory failure. This requires the use of a breathing machine or ventilator.
     Sepsis. This is when the infection gets into the blood. It may lead to organ failure.

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