Optical Glass

Description of Properties
2011
Optical Glass
Description of Properties
2011
2

Table of Contents

PART I 4 Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36

4.1 Knoop Hardness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
Foreword & Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 Grindability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
1 Optical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14 4.3 Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
1.1 Refractive Index, Abbe Number, Dispersions, Glass Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14 4.4 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
1.2 Tolerances for Refractive Index and Abbe Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
5 Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
1.3 Test Reports for Refractive Indices and Dispersions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
5.1 Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
1.4 Refractive Index Homogeneity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
5.2 Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
1.5 Internal Transmittance, Color Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
1.6 Measurement Capabilities for Optical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23 6 Delivery Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
6.1 Quality Management and Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . .  41
2 Internal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
6.2 Standard Delivery Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
2.1 Striae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
6.3 Enhanced Delivery Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
2.2 Bubbles and Inclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
2.3 Stress Birefringence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27 7 Forms of Supply and Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
7.1 Raw Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
3 Chemical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
7.2 Cut Blanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
3.1 Climatic Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
7.3 Pressings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  52
3.2 Stain Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
7.4 Optical Glass Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  54
3.3 Acid Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
3.4 Alkali and Phosphate Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33 8 Optical Glasses for Precision Molding . . . . . . . . . . . .  56
3.5 Identification of Visible Surface Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
3.6 Environmental Aspects, Hazardous Substances, RoHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
 Table of Contents 3

9 Product Range of Optical Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  58

9.1 Preferred Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  58
9.2 Inquiry Glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  58

10 Collection of Formulas and Wavelength Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59

11 Technical Information Electronic – TIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  65

PART II

Optical Glass – Properties 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  67

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4

List of Tables

1 Optical Properties 3.3 Classification of optical glasses into acid resistance

1.1 Examples of glass codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14 classes SR 1 – 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
1.2 Tolerances for refractive index and Abbe number (according to ISO 12123) . . . . .  15 3.4 Classification of optical glasses into alkali resistance
1.3 Tolerance of refractive index variation within a lot of fine annealed glass classes AR 1 – 4 and phosphate resistance classes PR 1 – 4  34
(according to ISO 12123) and within a lot of pressings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
4 Mechanical Properties
1.4 Refractive index and dispersion information in standard test reports . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
4.1 Grindability (according to ISO 12844) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
1.5 Homogeneity of optical glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
1.6 Measurement Capabilities for Optical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23 6 Delivery Quality
6.1 Additional quality steps for various forms of supply . . .  43
2 Internal Properties
2.1 Tolerance limits (according to ISO 12123) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24 7 Forms of Supply and Tolerances
2.2 Tolerances for bubbles and inclusions in optical glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26 7.1 Dimensional tolerances and minimum dimensions
2.3 Limit values of stress birefringence in cut blanks for various dimensions . . . . . . . . .  28 for plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
7.2 Dimensional tolerances and minimum dimensions
3 Chemical Properties
for round plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
3.1 Classification of optical glasses into climatic resistance classes CR 1 – 4 . . . . . . . . . .  29
7.3 Dimensions and tolerances for worked rods in the
3.2 Classification of optical glasses into stain resistance classes FR 0 – 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
6 – 80 mm diameter range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
 LIST of TABLES AND FIGURES 5

List of Figures

7.4 Dimensions and tolerances for cut prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1 Optical Properties

7.5 Dimensions and tolerances for pressed blanks (according to 1.1 Delivery lot composition of glass for hot processing and
DIN 58 926, Part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 fine annealed glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
7.6 Dimensions and tolerances for pressed prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 1.2 H4 quality of a 1 m diameter N-BK7® blank measured
7.7 Optical gass rods – specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 with a central aperture of 500 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21

10 Collection of Formulas and Wavelength Table

10.1 Wavelengths for a selection of frequently used spectral lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  64
6

Foreword & Overview

SCHOTT Advanced Optics – Advanced Optics masters

Your Partner for Excellence in Optics. the entire value chain:
from customer-specific
SCHOTT, an international technology group, has been developing and glass development and
manufacturing glass, specialty materials and components for more its production all the way
than 125 years. to high-precision optical
product finishing, process-
Today, the Advanced Optics unit of SCHOTT offers optical materials, ing and measurement. Otto Schott (1851–1935)
components and filters and has been a trailblazer for various applica-
tions. With a product portfolio of over 100 optical glasses, special ma- For more information on Advanced Optics, visit
terials (e. g. active laser glass, IR-Materials, sapphire), ultra-thin glass, our website: http://www.us.schott.com/
high-precision optical components, wafers, and optical filter glasses, advanced_optics/english/index.html
Advanced Optics develops customized solutions all over the world for
applications in optics, lithography, astronomy, opto-electronics, life
­sciences, research, and more.
 Foreword & Overview 7

Product Portfolio of Advanced Optics: Low Tg Optical Glass

Advanced Optics offers a broad variety of optical These special lead and arsenic-free low Tg glasses are suited for
precision molding processes (P-glasses). The glass compositions of
materials, filters and components. Here, you will
these glasses have been developed to have low tendencies to devit-
find a concise overview of our main products and rification and show less vehement reactions with mold materials in-
applications: side the molding temperature range.

MATERIALS
Active and Passive Laser Glasses
Optical Glass SCHOTT offers cutting edge silicate and phosphate laser glasses for
SCHOTT offers a wide range of high-quality security, medical (dermatology), and a variety of high energy appli-
optical glasses to meet the needs of a broad cations. These glasses are offered as finished components with cus-
variety of optical and industrial applications. tom polishing or coating.
The portfolio includes lead and arsenic free
N-glasses, glasses suitable for precision
molding (low Tg glass) as well as glass
types with lead oxide as an essential com- Radiation Resistant Glass
ponent for outstanding optical properties. SCHOTT offers a variety of radiation resistant glass types covering
In addition, we also offer special versions main parts of the Abbe Diagram. These products are suited for
e.g. “HTultra” glasses with superior trans- earth orbit based applications with lifetimes of up to 10 years.
mission.
8

Radiation Shielding Glass extremely low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent

Radiation shielding glass has been developed specifically for nuclear homogeneity of thermal expansion, good workability,
technology. Some of our glass types contain lead in order to exploit polishability to high accuracy and excellent chemical
its high radiation absorption. stability.

Technical Glass
SCHOTT’s technical glass is designed to meet specific requirements.
FILTERS
High electrical resistance for hermetic sealings, superior durability
for corrosive environments and high glass transformation tempera-
ture all make it the ideal choice for temperature applications. Optical Filter Glasses
Optical filter glasses (“color glass”) absorb
the undesirable light spectrum (“colors”) and
IR-Materials* are thus relatively insensitive to a change in
SCHOTT offers chalcogenide glasses with excellent transmission and the angle of incidence of light, and typically
low thermal change in refractive index. Polycrystalline ZnS FLIR and very durable in mechanical terms, as the fil-
CLEAR is produced using a CVD process. It is available in large sizes ter glass can also be hardened. Optical filters,
and custom shapes and formats such as windows, domes, or lens such as IR-cut filters, for example, only admit
blanks. * IR Materials partly provided by our partner VITRON Spezialwerkstoffe GmbH the light visible to the human eye and block
the infrared light spectrum (IR), in particular.
ZERODUR® SCHOTT offers more than 55 different filter
A zero expansion glass-ceramic for demanding applications in which glasses that enable applications in analytics,
critical geometry and distance accuracy need to be controlled per- photography, medical technology and laser
fectly under temperature changes, with extraordinary properties: protection.
 Foreword & Overview 9

Interference Filters – COMPONENTS

Customer-specific filter functions
Interference filters use the wave characteris- Windows & Substrates
tic of light – interference. Band-pass, long- SCHOTT is a specialist when it comes to producing plane parallel pol-
pass, short-pass, and band block filters can ished substrates of the highest precision. Substrates with diameters up
be produced by means of thin optical lay- to 625 mm, surface flatness up to l/20, roughness below 8 Angstrom,
ers. These thin layers are applied under high scratch & digs up to 5-2 can be reached. Coatings are also available.
vacuum using a vapor depo­sition process.
Decorative and protective coatings are also
Lenses
available. SCHOTT uses different technolo-
Lenses are essential to any optical system. SCHOTT offers various
gies for this, such as reactive vapor deposi-
types of lenses: spherical, cylindrical, aspherical (molded or CNC ma-
tions, reactive ion plating and magnetron
chined, polished, coated), singlets, doublets, and triplets. Diameters
sputtering. Our custom designed interfer-
of up to 200 mm, surface flatness of up to l/10, scratch & digs up to
ence filters are used for applications in med-
10-5, and centering better than 30 arc seconds can be achieved.
ical technology, for analysis of drinking wa-
ter and clarified water, for fluorescence
microscopy, and more. Post-processed filters Prisms
– cemented or framed, are also available. SCHOTT offers prisms as transparent optical elements with flat
polished surfaces that refract, reflect or disperse light. SCHOTT
supplies all types of prisms: right angle prisms, porro prisms, roof
prisms and more in sizes up to 200 mm, surface flatness up to
l/10, and scratch & digs up to 10-5. Different customer-specific
coatings are also available.
10

Precision CNC Machined Parts Sub-Assembly

CNC machined parts are optical components which have been SCHOTT supplies optical and opto-me-
processed to complex forms such as laser gyroscope bodies, lithog- chanical mounted parts based on customer
raphy plates or light weighted mirrors. Coupled with the use of requirements: e.g. filter assemblies, head-
CAD software, nearly all geometrical forms can be achieved with up displays for aviation, prism assemblies,
very high accuracy. objective lenses. We assure that require-
ments such as high precision and quality,
solid assembling, vacuum tightness and
Coatings optical properties (such as transmission
SCHOTT applies standard and custom-designed coatings. Different and reflection) can be met.
coating technologies are available in-house for a typical wavelength
spectrum of between 200 nm and 3000 nm. Our portfolio ranges
from anti-reflective coatings, mirrors, dielectric beam splitters, and
polarizers to high-end interference filters with sharp edges and
strong blocking ranges. All types of materials can be coated, for in-
stance fused silica, optical filter glass, and optical glass.
 Foreword & Overview 11

Optical Glass Catalog While addressing these different categories, SCHOTT distinguishes
between Preferred Materials, usually kept in stock for immediate de-
In this catalog, you will find an overview of our livery, and Inquiry Glass Types, which can be ordered, althogh
optical glasses and materials that cover the needs SCHOTT does not guarantee their availability from stock. Details are
of a wide range of applications from consumer listed in the data section of the catalog.
products to optical systems at the cutting edge
of research.
Relevant definitions for the materials listed in this catalog:
We address the following categories:
→ Lead and arsenic free N-glasses The cerium-stabilized radiation resistant glass types are used to main-
→ Low Tg glass types suited for the precision mold- tain transmittance in an ionizing radiation environment and also rank
ing process among our inquiry glasses.
→ Classical glass types with lead oxide as an essen- The optical data of the materials listed in this catalog are meant for use
tial component for outstanding optical properties in optical applications and therefore refer to air.
→ Radiation resistant glass types For the use of materials in lithography for which transmittance data
→ Optical glasses with enhanced transmission values below 250 nm is required, we kindly ask that you contact us directly
in the visible spectral range, especially in the blue- to discuss technical aspects in greater detail. This also applies for i-line
violet area: HT & HTultra glasses glasses, which are used for lithography due to their superb transmit-
12

tance in the near-UV range and in optical homogeneity. Upon request, Quality Management
we would be happy to provide you with the respective data sheets and
technical support. We manufacture, process and distribute our mate-
rials in accordance with our Integrated Manage-
ment System for Safety and Environmental Protec-
Supply Forms tion (IMSU) to prevent environmental pollution
and conserve natural resources. In addition,
SCHOTT offers different supply forms of the materials available. SCHOTT recently implemented parts of the new
Detailed information is included in chapter 7. ISO 12123 “Optics and Photonics – Specification
of Raw Optical Glass” which is being taken into
­account in this updated version of this catalog.
References are shown in the descriptions.
 Foreword & Overview 13

Further Product Information

One of SCHOTT’s main concerns is providing professional support in

addition to supplying current products. Extensive technical mentoring,
detailed product information and application support before and after
a product is purchased and joint developments to a customized solu-
tions describe our uniqueness. We offer detailed data sheets, databases
for use with optical design programs and survey diagrams for all mate-
rials listed in this catalog. Electronic versions of technical information or
so-called TIEs are also available.

The stamp shown here is placed within this catalog and

indicates the availability of a relevant TIE. An overview
is shown on page 65 of this catalog. Detailed technical
information can be found under: http://www.us.schott.com/
advanced_optics/english/tools_downloads/download/index.html
14

1 Optical Properties

1.1 Refractive Index, Abbe Number, Dispersions, Table 1.1: Examples of glass codes
Glass Designations
Glass type nd νd Density Glass code
The most common identifying features for characterizing an optical N-SF6 1.80518 25.36 3.37 805254.337
glass are the refractive index nd in the middle range of the visible lead and ar-
spectrum and the Abbe number nd = (nd –1)/(nF – nC) as a measure for senic free glass
dispersion. The difference nF – nC is referred to as the principal disper- SF6 1.80518 25.43 5.18 805254.518
sion. classical lead
silicate glass

Optical glass can also be designated by a numerical code, often called

the glass code. Here, SCHOTT uses a nine-digit code. The first six digits When specifying optical systems, the values based
correspond to the common international glass code. They indicate the on the e-line ne and ne = (ne – 1)/(nF' – nC') are other
optical position of the individual glass. The first three digits reflect the commonly established quantities.
refractive index nd, the second three digits the Abbe value nd. The ad-
ditional three digits show the density of the glass. Preferred optical glasses are grouped as families in
the nd/nd or ne/ne diagram. The glass families are
listed in the data section in the order of decreasing
Abbe values.
 1  Optical Properties 15

1.2 Tolerances for Refractive Index and Abbe All deliveries of fine annealed optical glass and cut blanks are made in
Number lots of single batches (see fig.: 1.1).

The tolerances for the refractive index and Abbe The batch may be a single block or several strips. The delivery lots are
number are listed in table 1.2. The standard deliv- identified by a delivery lot number.
ery quality for fine annealed glass is step 3 for nd
and step 3 for nd. We supply material in tighter The delivery lots are formed based on the specified maximum allowed
steps upon demand. refractive index and Abbe number deviation of single batches from the
nominal values in the data sheets (tolerances according table 1.2) and
Table 1.2: T
 olerances for refractive index and Abbe number the refractive index variation from batch to batch as specified in table
(according to ISO 12123) 1.3.

nd nd
As the batches may have different fine annealing histories, such deliv-
Step 1 ± 0.0002 ± 0.2 % ery lots are not suitable for repressing.
Step 2 ± 0.0003 ± 0.3 %

Step 3 ± 0.0005 ± 0.5 %

Step 4 – ± 0.8 %
16

All parts of a delivery lot of fine annealed optical glass, cut blanks or
pressings meet the normal quality of refractive index variation as listed
in the following table 1.3. If requested, parts can also be supplied in
lots with tighter refractive index variations than indicated in table 1.3.

Table 1.3: Tolerance of refractive index variation within a lot of fine annealed glass (according to ISO 12123) and within a lot of pressings

Fine annealed glass, cut blanks Pressings

Designation Refractive index variation Designation1) Refractive index variation

SN ±  1 · 10 – 4 LN ±  2 · 10 – 4

S0 ±  5 · 10 – 5 LH1 ±  1 · 10 – 4

S1 ±  2 · 10 – 5 LH2 ±  5 · 10 – 5

1) All variation tolerances for pressings upon request only

 1  Optical Properties 17

Fig. 1.1: Delivery lot composition of glass for hot processing and fine annealed glass

Delivery lot: Batch:

Lot of single batches with A single block of glass
­identical properties or several strips produced
in a given period of time

Delivery lot Batch 1: nd1, nd1

Median nd, nd Max. refractive index variation

of batches Batch 2: nd2, nd2 from batch to batch:
SN, S0 or S1 according to Tab. 1.3

Batch 3: nd3, nd3

Tolerance according
Tab. 1.2

SCHOTT is responsible for combining batch numbers.

18

1.3 Test Reports for Refractive Indices and Dispersions Test certificates that are even more accurate can
be provided for individual glass parts upon request
1.3.1 Standard test reports (± 2 · 10– 5 for refractive index and ±  1 · 10– 5 for dis-
persion). These certificates also list the constants of
We provide standard test reports according to ISO 10474 for all deliv- the Sellmeier dispersion formula for the applicable
eries of fine annealed optical glass. The information they contain is spectral range evaluated from a complete meas-
based on sampling tests and refers to the median position of the opti- urement series.
cal values of a delivery lot. The value of the individual part may deviate
from the reported median value by the tolerance of refractive index
variation. 1.3.2 Precision test certificates UV-VIS-IR

Measurements are performed with an accuracy of ±  3 · 10 – 5 for Precision test certificates are issued upon request
refractive index and ±  2 · 10– 5 for dispersion. Numerical data is listed and always refer to individual glass parts.
down to five decimal places.
Table 1.4: Refractive index and dispersion information in standard test reports Within the visible spectral range, these certificates
contain the same quantities as the test reports for
nd nd nF – nC nF – nd nF' – nC' ng – nF standard accuracy, however the dispersion data is
ne ne nd – nC nF – ne nF' – ne reported down to six decimal places. Upon request,
 1  Optical Properties 19

refractive index data can be pro­vided for an ex- measurement temperature and pressure are indicated on the individual
panded spectral range of 185 nm to 2325 nm and test certificates. Measurement in nitrogen is possible upon special re-
the constants of the Sellmeier dispersion formula quest.
can be listed for the applicable spectral range.

Measurement is done using a prism goniometer. 1.4 Refractive Index Homogeneity

The accuracy is ±  1 · 10– 5 for refractive index and
±  3 · 10– 6 for dispersion. Accuracy of up to ±  4 · 10– 6 The refractive index homogeneity is a measure for designating devia-
for the refractive index and ±  2 · 10– 6 for the dis- tions in the refractive index in individual pieces of glass. Pieces of glass
persion measurement, independent of the glass with a high homogeneity of refractive index can be obtained by under-
type and measurement wavelength, can be provid- taking special efforts in the area of melting and fine annealing. The re-
ed upon request. fractive index homogeneity that can be achieved depends on the type
of glass, the volume and the shape of the individual glass piece.
The standard measurement temperature is 22 °C.
The measurement temperature can be changed The required optical homogeneity should be specified with respect to
to a constant value between 18°C and 28 °C upon the application and the final dimensions of the part. In general, the
request. The standard measurement atmosphere ­optical homogeneity values specified are peak to valley values calculated
is air at a pressure of about 1013.3 hPa. The actual from measured wave front deviations containing all of the aberrations.
20

In many cases, you can subtract certain aberration terms of negligible Table 1.5: Homogeneity of optical glasses
impact on the application. For example, focal aberrations (expressed
by the focal term) can often be corrected by adapting the geometry Homogeneity Maximum Applicability,
of the final part. This should be specified in advance. class variation of deliverability
refractive index

The gradient of homogeneity distribution can be evaluated in terms H1 40 · 10– 6 For individual cut blanks
of refractive index variation per cm aperture upon request. This too H2 10 · 10– 6 For individual cut blanks
should be specified in advance.
H3   4 · 10– 6 For individual cut blanks,
not in all dimensions
Increased requirements for refractive index homogeneity comprise five
classes in accordance with the standard ISO 10110 Part 4 (see table 1.5). H4   2 · 10– 6 For individual cut blanks,
The maximum variation of refractive index is expressed in peak to val- not in all dimensions,
not for all glass types
ley values in accordance with ISO 12123.
H5   1 · 10– 6 For individual cut blanks,
not in all dimensions,
not for all glass types
 1  Optical Properties 21

Fig. 1.2: H4 quality of a 1 m diameter N-BK7® blank measured 1.5 Internal Transmittance, Color Code
with a central aperture of 500 mm
According to general dispersion theory, internal transmittance, i.e. the
light transmittance excluding re­flection losses, is closely related to the
optical position of the glass type. Using the purest raw materials and
sophisticated melting technology, it is possible to approach the disper-
sion limits for internal transmittance in the short wave spectral range.

SCHOTT seeks to achieve the best possible internal transmittance

within economically reasonable limits.

The internal transmittance and color code listed in the data section
represent median values from several melts of one glass type. Mini-
mum values for internal transmittance can also be maintained for all
glass types upon special request. Prior clarification of the delivery situa-
tion is necessary. The internal transmittance at 400 nm for a sample
thickness of 10 mm is listed in the data section.
22

Some glasses are available with improved transmittance in the visible The color code lists the wavelengths l80 and l5 at
spectrum, especially in the blue-violet range. These products are which the transmittance (including reflection losses)
marked with the suffix HT (high transmittance) or HTultra (ultra high is 0.80 and 0.05 at 10 mm thickness. The values
transmittance) and will be shown separately in the data section (like are rounded off to 10 nm and denoted by elimi-
N-SF6HT or SF57HTultra). For HT and HTultra grade, the internal trans- nating the first digit. For example, color code
mittance in the visible spectrum includes guaranteed minimum values. 33/30 means l80 = 330 nm and l5 = 300 nm.

The limit of the transmittance ranges of optical glasses towards the For high index glass types with nd > 1.83, the
UV area is of particular interest in high index glasses because it moves data of the color codes (marked by *) refers to the
closer to the visible spectral range with increases in the refractive in- transmittance values 0.70 and 0.05 (l70 and l5) be-
dex. A simple description of the position and slope of the UV absorp- cause of the high reflection loss of this glass. The
tion curve is shown by the color code. tolerance of the color code is usually within ± 10 nm.
 1  Optical Properties 23

1.6 Measurement Capabilities for Optical Properties

Table 1.6 provides an overview of the measurement accuracy for the measurement procedures used to characterize optical properties in quality ­assurance
of optical glass.

Sample
Measurement Accuracy Equipment Spectral Range
Shape Format
refr. index dispersion g, F´, F, e, d, C´, C
Refractive index

cube
measurement

Standard measurement ± 3 · 10 –5 ± 2 · 10 –5 V-block (nd, ne)

20 · 20 · 5 mm3
Standard measurement refractometer i, h, g, F´, F, e, d, C´, C, r, t
with increased accuracy
± 2 · 10 –5 ± 1 · 10 –5
(nd, ne)
cube

side: 30 mm
Precision measurement ± 0.4 · 10 –5 ± 0.2 · 10 –5 Spectrometer 185 – 2325 nm prism
height: 22 mm
± 0.5 % T 250 – 2500 nm
Internal transmittance Spectral photometer cube 30 · 30 · thickness mm3
± 0.3 % T 400 – 700 nm
Refractive index rectangular up to ~ 1000 mm
~ 10 nm wavefront pv Interferometer 633 nm
homogeneity circular diameter
i, h, g, F´, e, d, C´, t, 1060 half prism side: 30 mm
Temperature coefficients
of refraction
± 5 · 10–7 · K–1 Spectral goniometer -100 °C bis +140 °C single sided height: 22 mm
metallized
High accuracy Stress 1 nm absolute arbitrary up to 300 mm
Imaging polarimeter 587 nm
birefringence (1 mm spatial resolution) shape diameter
24

2 Internal Properties

2.1 Striae The production formats of all optical glasses from

SCHOTT meet the requirements of classes 1 – 4 of
Deviations of the refractive index in glass of short range are called striae. ISO 10110 Part 4. The tested glass thickness is usu-
They resemble layers in which the refractive index deviates by a typical ally much thicker than that of the finished optical
difference of tenths to several millimeters. components. Therefore, the effective striae quality
in the optical system is much better.
The standard ISO 10110 Part 4 contains a classification with reference
to striae. Since it refers to finished optical components, it is only appli- Striae in all optical glasses are detected by means
cable to optical glass in its original form of supply to a limited extent. It of the shadowgraph method using comparison
assigns the striae to classes 1 – 4 based on their area in terms of the op- standards with known wavefront deviations. The
tically effective total surface of the component. Thus, it only considers tolerance limits in accordance with ISO 12123 are
striae that deforms a plane wave front by more than 30 nm. shown in table 2.1.

The fifth class specifies glass that is extremely free of striae. It also in- Table 2.1: Tolerance limits (according to ISO 12123)
cludes striae below 30 nm wave front distortion and advises the user
to make arrangements with the glass manufacturer. Striae Striae wavefront deviation Generally
class tolerance limit per 50 mm applicable
path length [nm] for
Standard < 30 raw glass
VS1 / VS2 not visible cut blanks
 2  Internal Properties 25

Quality step VS1 specifies optical glass with in- The bubble content is expressed by the total cross section in mm2 in a
creased striae selection. For optical glass in this glass volume of 100 cm3, calculated from the sum of the detected
quality category, no striae have been detected by cross section of bubbles. Inclusions in glass, such as stones or crystals,
the sensitive shadow method. For prism applica- are treated as bubbles that have the same cross section. The evaluation
tions, SCHOTT offers quality step VS2. For such considers all bubbles and inclusions ≥ 0.03 mm.
glass parts, no striae have been detected by the The bubble classes, maximum allowable quantities and diameters of
shadow method in two directions perpendicular bubbles and inclusions are listed in table 2.2. In the increased quality
to one another. steps VB (increased bubble selection) and EVB (extra increased bubble
selection), the glasses can only be supplied as fabricated pieces of glass.

2.2 Bubbles and Inclusions In accordance with ISO 10110 Part 3, bubbles may be distributed. In-
stead of a bubble with a given dimension, a larger quantity of bubbles
Optical glass is remarkably free of bubbles. How- of smaller dimensions is allowed.
ever, due to the glass composition and the need
for an economical manufacturing process, bubbles Special applications, such as high energy lasers, beam splitter prisms or
cannot be completely avoided in glass. streak imaging cameras and high pitch gratings, only tolerate glasses
that have a small number of tiny bubbles/inclusions. We can offer glass
that meets these requirements upon request.
26

Table 2.2: Tolerances for bubbles and inclusions in optical glasses

Bubble class B0 B0 B0 B1 B1 B1

Quality step VB EVB VB EVB

Maximum allowable cross section

of all bubbles and inclusions in 0.03 0.01 0.006 0.1 0.03 0.02
mm2 per 100 cm3 of glass volume

Maximum allowable quantity per 100 cm3 10 4 2 30 10 4

Maximum allowable   50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.10

diameter of bubbles 100 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.15 0.10
or inclusions in mm 200 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.30 0.20 0.10
within parts of diameter 300 0.25 0.20 0.10 0.40 0.25 0.10
or max. edge length 500 0.40 – – 0.60 – –
in mm 800 0.55 – – 0.80 – –
 2  Internal Properties 27

2.3 Stress Birefringence side at a distance of 5 % of the plate width. A detailed description of
the method can be found in ISO Standard 11455.
The size and distribution of permanent inherent
stress in glass depends on the annealing condi- The manual de Sénarmont and Friedel method is insufficient for meas-
tions, the glass type, and the dimensions. The ex- urements of low stress birefringence and low thickness. In these cases,
tent to which stress causes birefringence depends we have systems for measuring with an accuracy of 1 nm or less.
on the glass type.
With our annealing methods, we are able to achieve both high optical
Stress birefringence is measured as a path differ- homogeneity and very low stress birefringence. The pieces of glass
ence using the de Sénarmont and Friedel method that are delivered generally have symmetrical stress distribution. The
and is listed in nm/cm based on the test thickness. glass surface is usually under compression. Stress birefringence can be
Its accuracy is 3 – 5 nm for simple geometric test reduced significantly by cutting block or strip glass. If the optical ele-
sample forms. Measurement is performed on ments are much smaller than the raw glass format they are made of,
round discs at a distance of 5 % of the diameter then the remaining stress birefringence will be even much lower than
from the edge. For rectangular plates, the meas- the limiting values shown in table 2.3.
urement is performed at the center of the longer
28

The limit values for stress birefringence in parts larger than 600 mm
are available upon request.

Higher stresses are allowed in glass used for reheat pressing.

This has no effect on mechanical processing.

Table 2.3: Limit values of stress birefringence in cut blanks for various dimensions
(Ø: diameter or maximum length, d: thickness)

Stress birefringence

Dimensions Fine annealing Special annealing Precision annealing

[nm/cm] (SK) [nm/cm] (SSK) [nm/cm]

Ø ≤  300 mm
d   ≤    60 mm ≤  10 ≤  6 ≤  4

Ø: >  300 – 600 mm
d:   >    60 – 80 mm ≤  12 ≤  6 ≤  4
 3  Chemical Properties 29

3 Chemical Properties

The five test methods described below are used Table 3.1: Classification of optical glasses into climatic resistance classes CR 1– 4
to assess the chemical durability of polished glass
surfaces. Climatic resistance class CR 1 2 3 4

≥  0.3 % ≥  1.0 %
Increase in haze ∆H <  0.3 %
<  1.0 % <  2.0 %
≥  2.0 %
3.1 Climatic Resistance

Climatic resistance describes the behavior of opti- atmosphere, the temperature of which alternates between 40 °C and
cal glasses at high relative humidity and high tem- 50 °C. This produces a periodic change from moist condensation on
peratures. A film of white stains can develop on the glass surface and subsequent drying.
the surface of sensitive glasses that generally can-
not be wiped off. The glass plates are removed from the climatic chamber after 30 hours
of exposure time. The difference ∆H between the haze before and after
An accelerated procedure according to testing is used as a measure of the resulting surface change. The meas-
ISO/WD 13384 is used to test the climatic resist- urements are performed using a spherical hazemeter. Classification is
ance of the glass, in which polished, uncoated done based on the increase of transmittance haze ∆H after a 30-hour
glass plates are exposed to water vapor saturated test period. Table 3.1 lists the climatic resistance classes.
30

The glasses in class CR 1 show no visible attacks after being exposed to 3.2 Stain Resistance
climatic change for 30 hours. Under normal humidity conditions dur-
ing the fabrication and storing of optical glass in class CR 1, no surface The test procedure provides information on possi-
attack can be expected. On the other hand, class CR 4 optical glasses ble changes in the glass surface (stain formation)
should be manufactured and stored with caution because these glasses under the influence of slightly acidic water (for ex-
are highly sensitive to environmental influences. ample perspiration, acidic condensation) without
vaporization.
When storing optical polished elements, we recommend applying a
protective coating and/or ensuring that relative humidity is kept as low The stain resistance class is determined using the
as possible. following procedure: The plane polished glass sam-
ple to be tested is pressed onto a test cuvette,
which has a spherical depression of max. 0.25 mm
depth that contains a few drops of a test solution.

Test solution I: sodium acetate buffer pH = 4.6

Test solution II: sodium acetate buffer pH = 5.6
 3  Chemical Properties 31

Interference color stains develop as a result of de- Table 3.2: Classification of optical glasses into stain resistance classes FR 0 – 5
composition of the surface of the glass by the test
solution. The measure for classifying the glass is Stain resistance class FR 0 1 2 3 4 5
the time that elapses before the first brown-blue Test solution I I I I II I/II
stain occurs at a temperature of 25 °C. Changes
in color correspond to certain thicknesses of the Time (h) 100 100 6 1 1 0.2

surface layer that were previously determined on Stain development no yes yes yes yes yes
reference samples. A brown-blue change in color
Color change no yes/no yes yes yes yes
indicates a chemical change in the surface layer
of 0.1 μm thickness insofar as the glass is able to
form layers. Table 3.2 lists the stain resistance
classes. 3.3 Acid Resistance

Stain resistance class FR 0 contains all glasses that Acid resistance describes the behavior of optical glass that comes in
show virtually no interference colors, even after contact with larger quantities of acidic solutions (for example: perspi-
100 hours of exposure to test solution I. Glasses in ration, laminating substances, carbonated water, etc.). Acid resistance
classification FR 5 must be handled with particular is determined according to ISO 8424 (1996).
care during processing.
32

Acid resistance is denoted by either a two or three digit number. The The layer thickness is calculated from the weight
first or first two digits indicate the acid resistance class SR. The last digit, loss per surface area and the density of the glass.
which is separated by a decimal point, indicates the visible surface Table 3.3 lists the acid resistance classes.
changes that occurred as a result of exposure. The last digit is dis-
cussed in chapter 3.5. Class SR 5 forms the transition point between the
more acid resistant glasses in SR 1 – 4 and the more
The time required to dissolve a layer with a thickness of 0.1 μm at acid sensitive glasses in SR 51 – 53. Class SR 5 in-
25 °C serves as a measure of acid resistance. Two aggressive solutions cludes glasses for which the time for removal of a
are used to determine acid resistance. A strong acid (nitric acid, layer thickness of 0.1 μm at a pH value of 0.3 is
c = 0.5 mol/l, pH 0.3) is used for the more resistant glass types, whereas less than 0.1 h and at a pH value of 4.6 is greater
glasses with lower acid resistance are exposed to a weak acidic solution than 10 hours.
with a pH value of 4.6 (sodium acetate buffer).

Table 3.3: Classification of optical glasses into acid resistance classes SR 1 – 53

Acid resistance class SR 1 2 3 4 5 51 52 53

pH value 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
Time (h) >  100 10 –100 1–10 0.1–1 <  0.1 >  10 1–10 0.1–1 <  0.1
 3  Chemical Properties 33

3.4 Alkali and Phosphate Resistance Both alkali and phosphate resistance are denoted using two digits sep-
arated by a decimal point. The first digit lists the alkali resistance class
Both test methods are used to classify the resist- AR or the phosphate resistance class PR, and the decimal indicates the
ance of glasses to aqueous alkaline solution in ex- visible surface change that occurs as a result of exposure.
cess and use the same classification scheme.
The alkali resistance class AR indicates the time needed to remove a
The alkali resistance indicates the sensitivity of op- 0.1 μm layer thickness of glass in an alkaline solution (sodium
tical glass in contact with warm, alkaline liquids, hydroxide, c = 0.01 mol/l, pH = 12) at 50 °C.
such as cooling liquids in grinding and polishing
processes. Alkali resistance is determined according The phosphate resistance class PR indicates the time needed to remove a
to ISO 10629 (1996). 0.1 μm layer thickness of glass in a solution that contains alkaline phos-
phate (pentasodium triphosphate Na5P3O10, c = 0.01 mol/l, pH = 10) at
Phosphate resistance describes the behavior of op- a temperature of 50 °C. The layer thickness is calculated from the
tical glass during cleaning with washing solutions weight loss per surface area and the density of the glass. Table 3.4 lists
(detergents) that contain phosphates. Phosphate the alkali and phosphate resistance classes.
resistance is determined according to ISO 9689
(1990).
34

Table 3.4: Classification of the optical glasses to alkali resistance classes AR 1– 4 and 3.5 Identification of Visible Surface Changes
phosphate resistance classes PR 1– 4
Changes in the surface of the exposed samples are
Alkali resistance evaluated qualitatively with the naked eye. The
class AR, Phosphate
definition of the digits behind the classification for
resistance class PR 1 2 3 4
acid, alkali, and phosphate resistance is as follows:
Time (h) >  4 1– 4 0.25 – 1 <  0.25

.0 no visible changes
Glasses in class 1 are more resistant to the test solutions than the glasses .1 clear, but irregular surface (wavy, pockmarked,
in class 4. The digit behind the classification identifies the visible sur- pitted)
face change that occurs following exposure. The digits are covered in .2 staining and/or interference colors (slight,
chapter 3.5. selective leaching)
.3 tenacious thin whitish layer (stronger, selective
leaching, cloudy/hazy/dullish surface)
.4 adhere loosely, thick layer, such as insoluble,
friable surface deposits (maybe a cracked and/
or peelable surface, surface crust, or cracked
surface; strong attack)
 3  Chemical Properties 35

3.6 Environmental Aspects, Hazardous by far without releasing any of their chemical components. Their dis-
Substances, RoHS posal is a rare and dispersed event to prevent any critical levels from
accumulating.
We manufacture, process and distribute our range
of materials in accordance with our Integrated All optical materials in this catalog comply with the requirements of
Management System for Safety and Environmental the European Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). The optical materials fea-
Protection (IMSU) and Environmental, Health and tured in our catalog do not contain any mercury (Hg), chromium VI
Safety Management System (EHS) to prevent envi- (CrVI), cadmium or the flame retardants PBB and PBDE whatsoever.
ronmental pollution, conserve natural resources N- and P-glass types comply with the limit value of 0.1 % for lead spec-
and follow the procedure and philosophy of our ified in the directive 2005/618/EC that states the admissible limits for
Quality Management System. the hazardous substances quoted in RoHS. The classical glass types may
contain lead oxide in significant amounts. They are in compliance with
Raw materials are handled, batches are melted and RoHS due to the exemption documented in the Commission decision
hot forming takes place in accordance with estab- 2011/65/EU. In addition, all materials discussed in this catalog comply
lished safety procedures. Sludge from cutting, with the requirements of the European Regulation 2006/1907/EC
grinding and polishing is treated according to the (REACH: Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemical Sub-
waste disposal procedures prescribed by local au- stances).
thorities. Glass parts survive their end of usage life
36

4 Mechanical Properties

4.1 Knoop Hardness 4.2 Grindability (ISO 12844)

Knoop Hardness expresses the amount of surface changes in a material The grindability according to ISO 12844 allows for
after indentation of a test diamond at given pressure and time. The a comparison to made between the grinding proc-
standard ISO 9385 describes the measurement procedure for glasses. esses used with different glasses. Twenty samples
In accordance with this standard, the values for Knoop Hardness HK of the glass to be classified are ground for 30 sec-
are listed in the data sheets for a test force of 0.9807 N (corresponds onds in a standardized diamond pellet tool under
to 0.1 kp) and an effective test period of 20 s. The test is performed predetermined conditions. The removed volume
on polished glass surfaces at room temperature. The data for hardness of glass is then compared to that of the reference
values are rounded off to 10 HK 0.1/20. Micro hardness is a function glass, N-SK16. The value for N-SK16 is arbitrarily
of the magnitude of the test force and decreases with increasing test set to 100.
force.
 4  Mechanical Properties 37

Classification takes place according to the follow- According to this scheme, the removal of glass volume during grinding
ing scheme. is less in the lower classifications and higher in the upper classifications
than for the reference glass N-SK16.
Table 4.1: Grindability (according to ISO 12844)

Grindability class Grindability 4.3 Viscosity

HG 1 ≤  30
Glasses run through three viscosity ranges between the melting tem-
HG 2 >  30 ≤  60
perature and room temperature: the melting range, the super cooled
HG 3 >  60 ≤  90 melt range, and the solidification range. The viscosity of glass constant-
HG 4 >  90 ≤  120
ly increases during cooling of the melt (100 – 104 dPa · s). A transition
from a liquid to a plastic state can be observed between 104 and
HG 5 >  120 ≤  150 1013 dPa · s.
HG 6 >  150

The grindability of N-SK16 is defined as 100.

38

The so-called softening point EW identifies the plastic range in which 4.4 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion
glass parts rapidly deform under their own weight. This is the tempera-
ture T107.6 at which glass exhibits a viscosity of 107.6 dPa · s. The glass The typical curve of linear thermal expansion of
structure can be described as solidified or “frozen” above 1013 dPa · s. At glass starts near absolute zero with an increase in
this viscosity, the internal stress in glass equalizes in approx. 15 minutes. slope to approximately room temperature. Then,
a nearly linear increase to the beginning of the no-
Another way to identify the transformation range is to observe the ticeable plastic behavior follows. The transforma-
change in the rate of relative linear thermal expansion. In accordance tion range is characterized by a distinct bending
with ISO 7884-8, this can be used to determine the so-called transfor- of the expansion curve that results from the in-
mation temperature Tg. It generally lies close to T1013. creasing structural movement in the glass. Above
this range, expansion again shows a nearly linear
Precision optical surfaces may deform and refractive indices may change increase, but with a noticeably greater rate of in-
if a temperature of T1013 – 200K is exceeded during any type of thermal crease.
treatment.
 4  Mechanical Properties 39

Due to the dependence of the coefficient of linear

thermal expansion a on temperature, two average
linear thermal expansion coefficients a are usually
shown for the following temperature ranges:

a (– 30 °C; + 70 °C) as the relevant information for

characterizing glass behavior at room temperature
(listed in the data section).

a (+ 20 °C; + 300 °C) as the standard international

value for comparison purposes for orientation
during the melting process and for temperature
change loading.
40

5 Thermal Properties

5.1 Thermal Conductivity 5.2 Heat Capacity

The range of values for thermal conductivity for glasses at room tem- The mean isobaric specific heat capacity cp (20 °C;
perature extends from 1.38 W/(m · K) (pure quartz glass) to about 100 °C) is listed for some glasses as measured from
0.5 W/(m · K) (glasses with high lead concentrations). The most com- the heat transfer of a hot glass at 100 °C in a liquid
monly used silicate glasses have values between 0.9 and 1.2 W/(m · K). calorimeter at 20 °C. The range of values for cp (20 °C;
100 °C) and the true heat capacity cp (20 °C) for
The thermal conductivities shown in the data sheets apply for a glass silicate glasses lies between 0.42 and 0.84 J/(g · K).
temperature of 90 °C.
 6  Delivery Quality 41

6 Delivery Quality

6.1 Quality Management and Quality that provides scientific and technical services (http://www.ptb.de/index
Assurance en.html), an institution similar to the NIST in the United States.

Advanced Optics Business Segment of SCHOTT AG Optical glass as a technical material requires well-defined reproducible
in Mainz operates a global Quality Management properties that a designer can rely on. Quality assurance of these prop-
System on the basis of ISO9001/ISO14001. The erties is based on sample-based statistical measurement, partly 100 %
certification is performed by Lloyd’s Register Quali- measurement, of the optical and internal quality properties during con-
ty Assurance, Cologne/Germany. tinuous production of optical glass and on customer-specific individual
measurement of cut blanks.
The research laboratories of Advanced Optics in
Mainz for the measurement of physical and chemi- Professional work with high-quality materials requires precise know-
cal properties are accredited by the German au- ledge of their properties. Hence, as Fraunhofer has already realized,
thority GAZ Association for the Accreditation and progress in the production of optical glasses and their applications is
Certification GmbH on the basis of the standard always limited by the measurement capabilities. Ever growing quality
series ISO 17025:2005-08. Regular round robin demands for industrial and research applications require constant im-
tests are performed with the PTB, ”Physikalisch- provement of measurement technology, which is still going on.
Technische Bundes­anstalt” in Braunschweig, Ger-
many. The PTB is a national metrology institute
42

6.2 Standard Delivery Quality 6.3 Enhanced Delivery Quality

If no special quality steps are requested, the glass will be delivered in Additional quality steps are offered based on the
refractive index/Abbe number step 3/3 with a standard test report. following table.
The standard test report refers to a delivery lot that fulfills the standard
variation tolerance. The refractive index variation from batch to batch
within a lot will not exceed ±  1 · 10–4 (±  2 · 10–4 for pressings, if re­
quested). The glass is tested for bubbles and inclusions, striae, and
stress birefringence.

Production of optical glass is a stable process, with only small variations

in the chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of the glass. These
properties are statistically controlled datasheet reference values and not
measured individually upon order.
 6  Delivery Quality 43

Table 6.1: Additional quality steps for various forms of supply

Glass for hot processing Pressings Fine annealed glass Cut blanks
Refractive index – 2, 1 2, 1 2, 1 2, 1
Abbe number steps 3, 2, 1 3, 2, 1 3, 2, 1 3, 2, 1
Test certificates Annealing schedule Standard (S) Standard (S) Standard (S)
Measurement accuracy, With data on the annealing rates for If variation tolerance Standard with enhanced Standard with enhanced
measurement ranges the achievable refractive index – is requested accuracy (SE) accuracy (SE), precision (PZ),
Abbe number steps after fine annealing dn/dT (DNDT)
Refractive index S0, S1 LH1, LH2 S0, S1 S0, S1
scattering
Homogeneity – – – H1 – H5
Stress birefringence – SK SK SK, SSK
Striae – VS1 – VS1, VS2
Bubbles/inclusions – VB, EVB – VB, EVB
Remarks One surface can Striae and homogeneity
be worked measured in the same direction
44

The quality steps listed within a form of supply can be combined with
one another. However, melts that are suited for various combinations
are not always available.

We recommend checking availability with us as early as possible.

Requirements that exceed the quality steps mentioned can also be

met. Please ask for further details.
 7  Forms of Supply and Tolerances 45

7 Forms of Supply and Tolerances

Advanced Optics masters the entire value chain: 7.1 Raw Glass
from customer-specific glass development and its
production all the way to high-precision optical 7.1.1  Blocks
product finishing, processing and measurement.
By leveraging our extensive capabilities in the area Blocks have up to five unworked, as-cast surfaces.
of processing (polishing, coating, bonding, etc.), Usually, at least one surface has been worked. The
we offer a wide variety of custom-made optical edges are rounded. Blocks are fine annealed and
components such as lenses (aspherical, spherical, thus suited for cold working.
cylindrical), prisms, mirrors, wafers, substrates and Described by: Length, width, thickness
more.

Here, you will find a selection of available supply 7.1.2  Strips

forms:
Strips normally have unworked or ground surfaces
and broken or cut ends. Strips are either coarse an-
nealed or fine annealed. Coarse annealed strips are
only suited for reheat pressings.
Described by: Length, width, thickness
46

7.2 Cut Blanks

7.2.1  Plates

Plates are quadrilateral fabricated parts. All six sides

are worked; the edges have protective bevels.
Described by: Length, width, thickness

We achieve surface roughnesses of Ra = 20 – 25 µm with standard

processing. Plates with closer dimensional tolerances and finer surfaces
are possible upon request.
 7  Forms of Supply and Tolerances 47

Table 7.1: Dimensional tolerances and minimum dimensions for plates

Admissible tolerances

For edge length For thickness

Maximum edge Minimum thickness1)
length [mm] Standard [mm] Precision [mm] Standard [mm] Precision [mm] [mm]
> 3 – 80 ±  0.2 ±   0.1  ±  0.3 ±  0.15  2
> 80 – 120 ±  0.3 ±  0.15 ±  0.5 ±  0.25  4
>  120 – 250 ±  0.5 ±  0.25 ±  0.5 ±  0.25  6
>  250 – 315 ±  0.9 ±  0.45 ±  0.8 ±   0.4  8
>  315 – 400 ±  1.2 ±   0.6  ±  0.8 ±   0.4  8
>  400 – 500 ±  1.3 ±  0.65 ±  0.8 ±   0.4 20
>  500 – 630 ±  1.5 ±  0.75 ±  0.8 ±   0.4 20
>  630 – 800 ±  1.8 ±   0.9  ±  0.8 ±   0.4 20
>  800 – 1000 ±  2.0 ±   1.0 ±  0.8 ±   0.4 20
> 1000 Inquire Inquire Inquire Inquire
1) Lower thicknesses than listed are possible. Please ask for details.
48

7.2.2  Round plates

Round plates are cylindrical parts for which the

diameter is larger than the thickness. Round plates
are machined on all surfaces.
Described by: Diameter, thickness

We achieve surface roughness of Ra = 20 – 25 μm with standard

processing. Round plates with closer dimensional tolerances and finer
surfaces are possible upon request.
 7  Forms of Supply and Tolerances 49

Table 7.2: Dimensional tolerances and minimum dimensions for round plates

Admissible tolerances

For diameter For thickness

Minimum thickness1)
Diameter [mm] Standard [mm] Precision [mm] Standard [mm] Precision [mm] [mm]

> 3 – 80 ±  0.2 ±   0.1  ±  0.3 ±  0.15  2

> 80 – 120 ±  0.3 ±  0.15 ±  0.5 ±  0.25  4
> 120 – 250 ±  0.3 ±  0.15 ±  0.5 ±  0.25  6
> 250 – 500 ±  0.5 ±  0.25 ±  0.8 ±   0.4  20
> 500 – 800 ±  0.8 ±   0.4  ±  0.8 ±   0.4  20
> 800 – 1250 ±  1.0 ±   0.5  ±  0.8 ±   0.4  40

> 1250 Inquire Inquire Inquire Inquire

1) Lower thicknesses than listed are possible. Please ask for more details.
50

7.2.3  Worked rods

Worked rods are cylindrical parts that are machined

on all sides. The length of a rod is always greater
than its diameter.
Described by: Diameter, length

Table 7.3: Dimensions and tolerances for worked rods in the 6 – 80 mm diameter range

Tolerances, drilled and rounded per ISO 286

Diameter Standard Length range Tolerance for
[mm] tolerance [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] length [%]

    6 – 10 ±  0.2 h11 + 0/– 0.09 h10 + 0/– 0.058 h9 + 0/– 0.036 h8 + 0/– 0.022 max. 130 ±  2
>  10 – 18 ±  0.2 h11 + 0/– 0.11 h10 + 0/– 0.070 h9 + 0/– 0.043 h8 + 0/– 0.027 max. 130 ±  2
>  18 – 30 ±  0.2 h11 + 0/– 0.13 h10 + 0/– 0.084 h9 + 0/– 0.052 h8 + 0/– 0.033 max. 130 ±  2
>  30 – 50 ±  0.2 h11 + 0/– 0.16 h10 + 0/– 0.100 h9 + 0/– 0.062 h8 + 0/– 0.039 max. 130 ±  2
>  50 – 80 ±  0.3 h11 + 0/– 0.19 h10 + 0/– 0.120 h9 + 0/– 0.074 max. 130 ±  2
 7  Forms of Supply and Tolerances 51

7.2.4  Cut prisms Table 7.4: Dimensions and tolerances for cut prisms

 ut prisms are prisms produced

C Maximum edge Tolerances for Tolerances for
by cutting and can be ground length [mm] dimensions [mm] width [mm]
on all sides. Equilateral and non- <  50 + 1.0/– 0 ±  0.5
equilateral prisms can be pro- 50 – 100 + 1.5/– 0 ±  1.0
duced in various forms (ridge, >  100 + 2.0/– 0 ±  1.0
penta, triple prisms …) using dif-
ferent fabrication technologies.
Described by: Drawing
52

7.3 Pressings Described by:

Diameter, center
7.3.1  Pressed blanks thickness, radius 1,
Pressed blanks are hot formed parts with mainly round cross sections, radius 2, bevels
defined radii and bevels.

Table 7.5: Dimensions and tolerances for pressed blanks (according to DIN 58 926, Part 2)

Diameter Tolerances for Tolerances for Minimum center Minimum edge Maximum edge
[mm] diameter [mm] thickness [mm] thickness [mm] thickness [mm] thickness [mm]
 5 – 18 ± 0.075 ± 0.3  2 1   0.6 · Ø
> 18 – 30 ± 0.11 ± 0.3  3 1.5 0.45 · Ø
> 30 – 60 ± 0.14 ± 0.3  4 3   0.4 · Ø
> 60 – 90 ± 0.175 ± 0.3  5 4   0.3 · Ø
> 90 – 120 ± 0.25 ± 0.4  6 5   0.3 · Ø
> 120 – 140 ± 0.3 ± 0.4  7 5   0.3 · Ø
> 140 – 180 ± 0.4 ± 0.4  7 6   0.3 · Ø
> 180 – 250 ± 0.5 ± 0.5 10 8   0.3 · Ø
> 250 – 320 ± 0.6 ± 0.6 10 8   0.3 · Ø
 7  Forms of Supply and Tolerances 53

7.3.2  Pressed prisms Table 7.6: Dimensions and tolerances for pressed prisms

Pressed prisms are hot formed parts with angled, Maximum Tolerances Tolerances
prismatic shapes. Other dimensions are possible edge length for edge for center Socket
[mm] length [mm] thickness [mm] Angular [mm]
upon request.
Described by: Drawing  5 – 30 ± 0.2 ± 0.3 2
>  30 – 60 ± 0.3 ± 0.4 2
>  60 – 90 ± 0.4 ± 0.5 ± 0.5° 2.5
>  90 – 150 ± 0.5 ± 0.5 2.5
>  150 – 180 ± 0.7 ± 0.7 3
>  180 – 305 ± 1.0 ± 1.0 4
54

7.4 Optical Glass Rods for Miniaturized Ball

Lenses, Discs & More!

SCHOTT offers the widest range of rods with different geometries,

formats and materials.

Optical glass rods from SCHOTT for applications that use small optical
components such as ball lenses, rod lenses, aspheres and discs are
manufactured with the help of different unique processes.
 7  Forms of Supply and Tolerances 55

Table 7.7: Optical Glass Rods – Specifications*

Fire polished surface Matt surface

Description Standard Quality Premium Quality Standard Quality Premium Quality

Diameter/Tolerance ±  5 % of ±  3 % of

±  0.1 mm ±  0.05 mm
nominal diameter nominal diameter

Straightness deviation max. 0.1 mm/100 mm max. 0.1 mm/100 mm max. 0.05 mm/100 mm max. 0.03 mm/100 mm

Length tolerance +  5 mm +  2 mm +  5 mm +  2 mm

Diameter range <  1.0 – 7.0 mm <  1.0 – 7.0 mm 2.0 – 12.5 mm 2.0 – 12.5 mm

Surface quality fire polished fire polished matt matt

Length up to 1000 mm up to 150 mm

* Reference to round shape and glass type P-LASF47

56

8 Optical Glasses for Precision Molding

Precision molding technology for direct pressing of aspherical lenses or 2 K/h reference annealing rate. The actual refractive
freeform surfaces in general has become more and importance in recent index of the glass within the delivery lot will differ
years all over the world. During the precision molding process, a glass from this value, however.
preform with exceptionally high surface quality is shaped into its final as-
pherical geometry, while conserving the surface quality of the preform. The rapid cooling rate of a precision molding pro-
The molding process is a low temperature molding process with temper- cess leads to an index drop that lowers the refrac-
atures that typically range between 500 °C and 700 °C. Low temperature tive index of the glass significantly compared to the
processes help to extend the operating lifetime of the mold material. initial value. The index drop is defined as the differ-
ence between the refractive index of the glass after
P-glasses are newly developed low transformation temperature glasses molding and the initial refractive index based on a
especially for use in precision mold­ing. The letter “P” indicates that 2 K/h reference annealing rate.
these glasses are produced exclusively for precision molding and are lead The data section contains the nd and Abbe number
and arsenic free. In addition, several traditional optical glasses have been values after molding using a SCHOTT reference
identified to be suited for precision molding mainly because of their low process. Some of these values are preliminary data
glass transition temperatures. based on a theoretical reference annealing rate of
5000 K/h. The catalog nd serves as an initial refrac-
Glasses for precision molding in general are coarse annealed glasses. tive index based on a reference annealing rate of
They are produced in refractive index/Abbe number step 3/3 based on 2 K/h to calculate the index drop.
 8  Optical Glasses for Precision Molding 57

Furthermore, the index drop can be calculated The optical glasses available that are suited for use in precision molding
based on a higher initial reference annealing rate are displayed in the data section of this catalog, which contains the
of 25 K/h. For this purpose, the nd reference value newly developed P-glasses but also the traditional glasses that are suited
based on an annealing rate of 25 K/h is listed. for precision molding. The data section on low Tg glasses also contains
additional information. Acid resistance according to JOGIS (Japanese
The index drop for a given glass type depends on ­Optical Glass Industrial Standard), grindability (abrasion) according to
the specific process and geometry of the part and JOGIS and the yield point/sag temperature of the glass.
will differ slightly from the values displayed in the
data section.

In case the refractive index after molding does not

meet specific customer requirements, specific index
adjustments to the given process conditions are
possible upon request.
58

9 Product Range of Optical Materials

9.1 Preferred Materials 9.2 Inquiry Glasses

The materials listed in the first part of the data section are preferred The second part of the data section is comprised
materials. They are produced before any specific customer orders have of inquiry glasses that are produced on a regular
been received and are usually kept in stock for immediate ­delivery. We basis in response to specific requests. With some of
guarantee reliable long-term supply of these materials. Preferred mate- these glasses, we might have stock available from
rials are thus recommended for use of designs in new optical systems previous long running projects. However, stock is
and listed in our so-called positive list of optical glasses. The current not generated on purpose without receiving orders
version of the positive list of optical glasses can be found on our web- from our customers. But even if they are not avail-
site. able on stock, glasses will be manufactured and
delivered upon request.
 10  Collection of Formulas and Wavelength Table 59

10 Collection of Formulas and Wavelength Table

Relative partial dispersion Px, y for the wavelengths x and y based on the blue F and red C hydrogen line
Px, y = (nx – ny) / (nF – nC) (10.1)

or based on the blue F’ and red C’ cadmium line

P‘x, y = (nx – ny) / (nF‘ – nC‘) (10.2)

Linear relationship between the Abbe number and the relative partial dispersion for “normal glasses”
Px, y ≈ axy + bxy · nd  (10.3)

Deviation DP from the “normal lines”

Px, y = axy + bxy · nd + DPx, y (10.4)
DPC, t = (nC – nt) / (nF – nC) – (0.5450 + 0.004743 · nd)  (10.5)
DPC, s = (nC – ns) / (nF – nC) – (0.4029 + 0.002331 · nd)  (10.6)
DPF, e = (nF – ne) / (nF – nC) – (0.4884 – 0.000526 · nd)  (10.7)
DPg, F = (ng – nF) / (nF – nC) – (0.6438 – 0.001682 · nd)  (10.8)
DPi, g = (ni – ng) / (nF – nC) – (1.7241 – 0.008382 · nd)  (10.9)

The position of the normal lines was determined based on value pairs of the glass types K7 and F2.
60

Sellmeier dispersion formula

n2 (l) – 1 = B1 l2 / (l2 – C1) + B2 l2 / (l2 – C2) + B3 l2 / (l2 – C3) (10.10)

When calculating the refractive index using the Sellmeier coefficients from the SCHOTT data sheets, the wavelength l needs
to be entered in units of µm.

Change in refractive index and Abbe number during annealing

at different annealing rates
nd (hx) = nd (h0) + mnd · log (hx/h0) (10.11)
nd (hx) = nd (h0) + mnd · log (hx/h0)  (10.12)
mnd = (mnd – nd [h0] · mnF – nC) / ((nF – nC) + 2 · mnF – nC · log (hx/h0)) (10.13)

h0 Beginning annealing rate

hx New annealing rate
mnd Annealing coefficient for the refractive index, depending on glass type
mnd Annealing coefficient for the Abbe number, depending on glass type
mnF – nC Annealing coefficient for the principal dispersion, depending on glass type
 10  Collection of Formulas and Wavelength Table 61

Measurement accuracy of the Abbe number

snd ≈ snF – nC · nd / (nF – nC)  (10.14)

Spectral internal transmittance

ti  l = Fel / Fi  l  (10.15)

Spectral transmittance
tl = ti  l · Pl (10.16)
Pl factor of reflection

Fresnel reflectivity for a light beam with normal incidence, irrespective of polarization
R = ((n – 1)/ (n + 1))2 (10.17)

Reflection factor that considers multiple reflections

P = (1 – R)2 / (1 – R2) = 2n / (n2 + 1)  (10.18)
n Refractive index for the wavelength l
62

Converting of internal transmittance to another layer thickness

log ti1 / log ti2 = d1 / d2  or  (10.19)
ti2 = ti1(d2 / d1)  (10.20)
ti1, ti2 Internal transmittances at the thicknesses d1 and d2

Stress birefringence, difference in optical path

Ds = 10 · K · d · s  in nm  (10.21)

K Stress optical constant, dependent on glass type in 10– 6 mm2/N

d Length of light path in the sample in cm
s Mechanical stress (positive for tensile stress) in N/mm2 (= MPa)
 10  Collection of Formulas and Wavelength Table 63

Homogeneity from interferometrically measured wave front deviations

Dn = DW / (2 · d)  (10.22)
= DW [l] · 633 · 10– 6 / (2 · d[mm])
when listing the wave front deformation in units of the wavelength and
a test wavelength of 633 nm (He-Ne laser)
DW Wave front deformation with double beam passage (interferometric testing)
d Thickness of test piece

Note: The formulas have been chosen carefully and listed.

Nevertheless, SCHOTT cannot be held responsible for errors resulting from their use.
64

Table 10.1: Wavelengths for selecting frequently used spectral lines

Wavelength [nm] Designation Spectral line used Element Wavelength [nm] Designation Spectral line used Element
2325.42 Infrared mercury line Hg 587.5618 d Yellow helium line He
1970.09 Infrared mercury line Hg 546.0740 e Green mercury line Hg
1529.582 Infrared mercury line Hg 486.1327 F Blue hydrogen line H
1060.0 Neodymium glass laser Nd 479.9914 F’ Blue cadmium line Cd
1013.98 t Infrared mercury line Hg 435.8343 g Blue mercury line Hg
852.11 s Infrared cesium line Cs 404.6561 h Violet mercury line Hg
706.5188 r Red helium line He 365.0146 i Ultraviolet mercury line Hg
656.2725 C Red hydrogen line H 334.1478 Ultraviolet mercury line Hg
643.8469 C’ Red cadmium line Cd 312.5663 Ultraviolet mercury line Hg
632.8 Helium-neon gas laser He-Ne 296.7278 Ultraviolet mercury line Hg
589.2938 D Yellow sodium line Na 280.4 Ultraviolet mercury line Hg
(center of the double line) 248.3 Ultraviolet mercury line Hg
 11  Technical Information Electronic – TIE 65

11 Technical Information Electronic – TIE

The relevant TIEs can be found under

http://www.us.schott.com/advanced_optics/english/tools_downloads/download/index.html

Title

TIE-25: Striae in optical glass  (Chapter 2.1)

TIE-26: Homogeneity of optical glass  (Chapter 1.4)

TIE-27: Stress in optical glass  (Chapter 2.3)

TIE-28: Bubbles and inclusions in optical glass  (Chapter 2.2)

TIE-29: Refractive index and dispersion  (Chapter 1.1)

TIE-30: Chemical properties of optical glass  (Chapter 3.1)

TIE-31: Mechanical and thermal properties of optical glass  (Chapter 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2)

TIE-35: Transmittance of optical glass  (Chapter 1.5)

TIE-40: Optical glass for precision molding  (Chapter 8)

TIE-42: Radiation resistant optical glasses  (Foreword & Overview)

Optical Glass
Properties
2011
68

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-FK5
1.48749 70.41 0.006924 1.48914 70.23 0.006965 1.48410 1.48535 1.49266 1.49593 1.49894 0.5290 0.0036
487704.245
N-FK51A
1.48656 84.47 0.005760 1.48794 84.07 0.005804 1.48379 1.48480 1.49088 1.49364 1.49618 0.5359 0.0342
487845.368

N-PK51
1.52855 76.98 0.006867 1.53019 76.58 0.006923 1.52527 1.52646 1.53372 1.53704 1.54010 0.5401 0.0258
529770.386
N-PK52A
1.49700 81.61 0.006090 1.49845 81.21 0.006138 1.49408 1.49514 1.50157 1.50450 1.50720 0.5377 0.0311
497816.370

N-PSK3
1.55232 63.46 0.008704 1.55440 63.23 0.008767 1.54811 1.54965 1.55885 1.56302 1.56688 0.5365 – 0.0005
552635.291
N-PSK53A
1.61800 63.39 0.009749 1.62033 63.10 0.009831 1.61334 1.61503 1.62534 1.63007 1.63445 0.5424 0.0052
618634.357
 69 FK
PK
CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC PSK
(–30/+70) (10/400)

2 1 4 2 2.3 9.2 466 672 2.45 520 3 1 0.998 30/27

1 0 52.3 2.2 4.3 12.7 464 527 3.68 345 6 1 0.997 34/28

1 0 52.3 3.3 4.3 12.4 487 568 3.86 415 6 1 0.994 34/29

1 0 52.3 3.3 4.3 13.0 467 538 3.70 355 6 1 0.997 34/28

3 0 2.2 2 2 6.2 599 736 2.91 630 2 1 0.994 33/28

1 1 53.3 2.3 4.3 9.6 606 699 3.57 415 6 1 0.985 36/31
70

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-BK7 ®
1.51680 64.17 0.008054 1.51872 63.96 0.008110 1.51289 1.51432 1.52283 1.52668 1.53024 0.5349 – 0.0009
517642.251
N-BK7HT
1.51680 64.17 0.008054 1.51872 63.96 0.008110 1.51289 1.51432 1.52283 1.52668 1.53024 0.5349 – 0.0009
517642.251
N-BK10
1.49782 66.95 0.007435 1.49960 66.78 0.007481 1.49419 1.49552 1.50337 1.50690 1.51014 0.5303 – 0.0008
498670.239

N-K5
1.52249 59.48 0.008784 1.52458 59.22 0.008858 1.51829 1.51982 1.52910 1.53338 1.53734 0.5438 0.0000
522595.259
K7
1.51112 60.41 0.008461 1.51314 60.15 0.008531 1.50707 1.50854 1.51748 1.52159 1.52540 0.5422 0.0000
511604.253
K10
1.50137 56.41 0.008888 1.50349 56.15 0.008967 1.49713 1.49867 1.50807 1.51243 1.51649 0.5475 – 0.0015
501564.252

N-ZK7
1.50847 61.19 0.008310 1.51045 60.98 0.008370 1.50445 1.50592 1.51470 1.51869 1.52238 0.5370 – 0.0039
508612.249
 71

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

1 0 1 2.3 2.3 7.1 557 719 2.51 610 3 0 0.997 33/29

BK
1 0 1 2.3 2.3 7.1 557 719 2.51 610 3 0 0.998 33/29 K
ZK

1 0 1 1 1 5.8 551 753 2.39 560 4 1 0.996 31/27

1 0 1 1 1 8.2 546 720 2.59 530 3 1 0.995 34/30

3 0 2 1 2.3 8.4 513 712 2.53 520 3 1 0.996 33/30

1 0 1 1 1.2 6.5 459 691 2.52 470 4 1 0.994 33/30

1 0 2 1.2 2.2 4.5 539 721 2.49 530 4 1 0.990 34/29

72

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-BAK1
1.57250 57.55 0.009948 1.57487 57.27 0.010039 1.56778 1.56949 1.58000 1.58488 1.58941 0.5472 0.0002
573576.319
N-BAK2
1.53996 59.71 0.009043 1.54212 59.44 0.009120 1.53564 1.53721 1.54677 1.55117 1.55525 0.5437 0.0004
540597.286
N-BAK4
1.56883 55.98 0.010162 1.57125 55.70 0.010255 1.56400 1.56575 1.57649 1.58149 1.58614 0.5487 – 0.0010
569560.305

N-SK2
1.60738 56.65 0.010722 1.60994 56.37 0.010821 1.60230 1.60414 1.61547 1.62073 1.62562 0.5477 – 0.0008
607567.355
N-SK2HT
1.60738 56.65 0.010722 1.60994 56.37 0.010821 1.60230 1.60414 1.61547 1.62073 1.62562 0.5477 – 0.0008
607567.355
N-SK4
1.61272 58.63 0.010450 1.61521 58.37 0.010541 1.60774 1.60954 1.62059 1.62568 1.63042 0.5448 – 0.0004
613586.354
N-SK5
1.58913 61.27 0.009616 1.59142 61.02 0.009692 1.58451 1.58619 1.59635 1.60100 1.60530 0.5400 – 0.0007
589613.330
N-SK11
1.56384 60.80 0.009274 1.56605 60.55 0.009349 1.55939 1.56101 1.57081 1.57530 1.57946 0.5411 – 0.0004
564608.308
N-SK14
1.60311 60.60 0.009953 1.60548 60.34 0.010034 1.59834 1.60008 1.61059 1.61542 1.61988 0.5415 – 0.0003
603606.344
N-SK16
1.62041 60.32 0.010285 1.62286 60.08 0.010368 1.61548 1.61727 1.62814 1.63312 1.63773 0.5412 – 0.0011
620603.358
 73

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

2 1 3.3 1.2 2 7.6 592 746 3.19 530 2 1 0.996 33/29

2 0 1 1 2.3 8.0 554 727 2.86 530 2 1 0.997 32/28

1 0 1.2 1 1 7.0 581 725 3.05 550 2 0 0.992 36/33

BAK
SK
2 0 2.2 1 2.3 6.0 659 823 3.55 550 2 0 0.994 35/30

2 0 2.2 1 2.3 6.0 659 823 3.55 550 2 0 0.996 34/30

3 1 51.2 2 2 6.5 658 769 3.54 580 3 1 0.990 36/32

3 1 4.4 2 1.3 5.5 660 791 3.30 590 3 1 0.992 34/29

2 0 2 1 2.3 6.5 610 760 3.08 570 2 1 0.990 34/29

4 2 51.3 2 2.3 6.0 649 773 3.44 600 3 1 0.990 35/29

4 4 53.3 3.3 3.2 6.3 636 750 3.58 600 4 1 0.988 36/30
74

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-KF9
1.52346 51.54 0.010156 1.52588 51.26 0.010258 1.51867 1.52040 1.53114 1.53620 1.54096 0.5558 – 0.0014
523515.250

N-BALF4
1.57956 53.87 0.010759 1.58212 53.59 0.010863 1.57447 1.57631 1.58769 1.59301 1.59799 0.5520 – 0.0012
580539.311
N-BALF5
1.54739 53.63 0.010207 1.54982 53.36 0.010303 1.54255 1.54430 1.55510 1.56016 1.56491 0.5532 – 0.0004
547536.261

N-SSK2
1.62229 53.27 0.011681 1.62508 52.99 0.011795 1.61678 1.61877 1.63112 1.63691 1.64232 0.5526 – 0.0016
622533.353
N-SSK5
1.65844 50.88 0.012940 1.66152 50.59 0.013075 1.65237 1.65455 1.66824 1.67471 1.68079 0.5575 – 0.0007
658509.371
N-SSK8
1.61773 49.83 0.012397 1.62068 49.54 0.012529 1.61192 1.61401 1.62713 1.63335 1.63923 0.5602 0.0002
618498.327

N-LAK7
1.65160 58.52 0.011135 1.65425 58.26 0.011229 1.64628 1.64821 1.65998 1.66539 1.67042 0.5433 – 0.0021
652585.384
N-LAK8
1.71300 53.83 0.013245 1.71616 53.61 0.013359 1.70668 1.70897 1.72297 1.72944 1.73545 0.5450 – 0.0083
713538.375
 75

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

1 0 1 1 1 9.6 476 640 2.50 480 1 1 0.986 37/34

1 0 1 1 1 6.5 578 661 3.11 540 2 1 0.985 37/33

1 0 1 2 1 7.3 558 711 2.61 600 2 1 0.983 37/34

1 0 1.2 1 1 5.8 653 801 3.53 570 3 1 0.981 37/33 KF

BALF
2 3 52.2 2.2 3.2 6.8 645 751 3.71 590 5 1 0.959 38/34 SSK
LAK
1 0 1 1.3 1 7.2 616 742 3.27 570 3 1 0.950 39/35

3 2 53.3 3.3 4.3 7.1 618 716 3.84 600 5 0 0.988 35/29

3 2 52.3 1 3.3 5.6 643 717 3.75 740 2 0 0.977 37/30

76

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-LAK9
1.69100 54.71 0.012631 1.69401 54.48 0.012738 1.68497 1.68716 1.70051 1.70667 1.71239 0.5447 – 0.0071
691547.351
N-LAK10
1.72003 50.62 0.014224 1.72341 50.39 0.014357 1.71328 1.71572 1.73077 1.73779 1.74438 0.5515 – 0.0072
720506.369
N-LAK12
1.67790 55.20 0.012281 1.68083 54.92 0.012396 1.67209 1.67419 1.68717 1.69320 1.69882 0.5485 – 0.0024
678552.410
N-LAK14
1.69680 55.41 0.012575 1.69980 55.19 0.012679 1.69077 1.69297 1.70626 1.71237 1.71804 0.5427 – 0.0079
697554.363
N-LAK21
1.64049 60.10 0.010657 1.64304 59.86 0.010743 1.63538 1.63724 1.64850 1.65366 1.65844 0.5411 – 0.0017
640601.374
N-LAK22
1.65113 55.89 0.011650 1.65391 55.63 0.011755 1.64560 1.64760 1.65992 1.66562 1.67092 0.5467 – 0.0031
651559.377
N-LAK33A
1.75393 52.27 0.014424 1.75737 52.04 0.014554 1.74707 1.74956 1.76481 1.77187 1.77845 0.5473 – 0.0086
754523.422
N-LAK33B
1.75500 52.30 0.014436 1.75844 52.07 0.014566 1.74814 1.75062 1.76589 1.77296 1.77954 0.5473 – 0.0085
755523.422
N-LAK34
1.72916 54.50 0.013379 1.73235 54.27 0.013493 1.72277 1.72509 1.73923 1.74575 1.75180 0.5443 – 0.0079
729545.402
 77

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

3 3 52 1.2 4.3 6.3 656 722 3.51 700 3 0 0.980 37/31

2 2 52.3 1 3 5.7 636 714 3.69 780 2 0 0.959 39/34

3 1 53.3 3.3 4.3 7.6 614 714 4.10 560 6 1 0.976 37/31

3 2 52.3 1 3 5.5 661 734 3.63 730 2 0 0.981 37/30

4 2 53.2 4.3 4.3 6.8 639 716 3.74 600 5 0 0.979 37/31

2 2 51.2 1 2.3 6.6 689 3.77 600 4 0 0.985 36/30

1 1 51 1 2 5.8 669 744 4.22 740 2 0 0.976 38/30

1 1 51.3 1 2 5.8 668 750 4.22 797 0 0.980 37/28

1 0 52.3 1 3.3 5.8 668 740 4.02 740 2 0 0.981 37/28

78

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
LLF1
1.54814 45.75 0.011981 1.55099 45.47 0.012118 1.54256 1.54457 1.55725 1.56333 1.56911 0.5660 – 0.0009
548458.294

N-BAF4
1.60568 43.72 0.013853 1.60897 43.43 0.014021 1.59926 1.60157 1.61624 1.62336 1.63022 0.5733 0.0030
606437.289
N-BAF10
1.67003 47.11 0.014222 1.67341 46.83 0.014380 1.66339 1.66578 1.68083 1.68801 1.69480 0.5629 – 0.0016
670471.375
N-BAF51
1.65224 44.96 0.014507 1.65569 44.67 0.014677 1.64551 1.64792 1.66328 1.67065 1.67766 0.5670 – 0.0012
652450.333
N-BAF52
1.60863 46.60 0.013061 1.61173 46.30 0.013211 1.60254 1.60473 1.61856 1.62521 1.63157 0.5678 0.0024
609466.305
 79

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

1 0 1 2 1 8.1 431 628 2.94 450 3 1 0.997 33/31

1 0 1 1.2 1.3 7.2 580 709 2.89 610 3 1 0.946 39/35

1 0 4.3 1.3 1 6.2 660 790 3.75 620 4 1 0.950 39/35

2 0 5.4 1.3 1 8.4 569 712 3.33 560 5 1 0.954 39/34

1 0 1 1.3 1 6.9 594 716 3.05 600 3 1 0.950 39/35

LLF
BAF
80

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
LF5
1.58144 40.85 0.014233 1.58482 40.57 0.014413 1.57489 1.57723 1.59231 1.59964 1.60668 0.5748 – 0.0003
581409.322

N-F2
1.62005 36.43 0.017020 1.62408 36.16 0.017258 1.61229 1.61506 1.63310 1.64209 1.65087 0.5881 0.0056
620364.265
F2H
1.62004 36.37 0.017050 1.62408 36.11 0.017284 1.61227 1.61503 1.63310 1.64202 1.65064 0.5828 0.0002
620364.360
F5
1.60342 38.03 0.015867 1.60718 37.77 0.016078 1.59616 1.59875 1.61556 1.62381 1.63176 0.5795 – 0.0003
603380.347

N-BASF2
1.66446 36.00 0.018457 1.66883 35.73 0.018720 1.65607 1.65905 1.67862 1.68838 1.69792 0.5890 0.0057
664360.315
N-BASF64
1.70400 39.38 0.017875 1.70824 39.12 0.018105 1.69578 1.69872 1.71765 1.72690 1.73581 0.5769 – 0.0006
704394.320

H Also available in HT or HTultra quality

 81

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

2 0 1 2.3 2 9.1 419 585 3.22 450 2 1 0.997 34/31

1 0 1 1 1 7.8 569 686 2.65 600 2 1 0.946 39/36

1 0 1 2.3 1.3 8.2 434 594 3.60 420 2 0 0.994 35/32

1 0 1 2.3 2 8.0 438 608 3.47 450 3 0 0.993 35/32

1 0 1 1 1 7.1 619 766 3.15 580 3 1 0.891 41/36

1 0 3.2 1.2 1 7.3 582 712 3.20 650 4 0 0.924 40/35

LF
F
BASF
82

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-LAF2
1.74397 44.85 0.016588 1.74791 44.57 0.016780 1.73627 1.73903 1.75659 1.76500 1.77298 0.5656 – 0.0027
744449.430
N-LAF7
1.74950 34.82 0.021525 1.75459 34.56 0.021833 1.73972 1.74320 1.76602 1.77741 1.78854 0.5894 0.0042
750348.373
LAFN7
1.74950 34.95 0.021445 1.75458 34.72 0.021735 1.73970 1.74319 1.76592 1.77713 1.78798 0.5825 – 0.0025
750350.438
N-LAF21
1.78800 47.49 0.016593 1.79195 47.25 0.016761 1.78019 1.78301 1.80056 1.80882 1.81657 0.5555 – 0.0084
788475.428
N-LAF33
1.78582 44.05 0.017839 1.79007 43.80 0.018038 1.77751 1.78049 1.79937 1.80837 1.81687 0.5626 – 0.0071
786441.436
N-LAF34
1.77250 49.62 0.015568 1.77621 49.38 0.015719 1.76515 1.76780 1.78427 1.79196 1.79915 0.5518 – 0.0085
773496.424
N-LAF35
1.74330 49.40 0.015047 1.74688 49.16 0.015194 1.73620 1.73876 1.75467 1.76212 1.76908 0.5523 – 0.0084
743494.412
N-LAF36i
1.79952 42.37 0.018871 1.80400 42.12 0.019090 1.79076 1.79390 1.81387 1.82345 1.83252 0.5659 – 0.0067
800424.443

i Will become inquiry glass as of 2014/01/01; not recommended for new design
 83
LAF
CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

2 3 52.2 1 2.2 8.1 653 742 4.30 530 6 1 0.933 40/34

1 2 51.3 1.2 1.2 7.3 568 669 3.73 530 5 1 0.752 46/36

3 1 53.3 2.2 4.3 5.3 500 573 4.38 520 3 0 0.937 40/35

1 1 51.3 1 1.3 6.0 653 729 4.28 730 2 1 0.966 39/32

1 2 52.2 1 3 5.6 600 673 4.36 730 1 0 0.963 39/32

1 1 51.3 1 1 5.8 668 745 4.24 770 2 0 0.980 38/30

2 1 52.3 1 3.3 5.3 589 669 4.12 660 2 0 0.976 38/30

1 2 52.3 1 3.3 5.7 579 670 4.43 680 1 0 0.946 40/33

84

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-LASF9
1.85025 32.17 0.026430 1.85650 31.93 0.026827 1.83834 1.84255 1.87058 1.88467 1.89845 0.5934 0.0037
850322.441
N-LASF9HT
1.85025 32.17 0.026430 1.85650 31.93 0.026827 1.83834 1.84255 1.87058 1.88467 1.89845 0.5934 0.0037
850322.441
N-LASF31A
1.88300 40.76 0.021663 1.88815 40.52 0.021921 1.87298 1.87656 1.89950 1.91050 1.92093 0.5667 – 0.0085
883408.551
N-LASF40
1.83404 37.30 0.022363 1.83935 37.04 0.022658 1.82380 1.82745 1.85114 1.86275 1.87393 0.5786 – 0.0024
834373.443
N-LASF41
1.83501 43.13 0.019361 1.83961 42.88 0.019578 1.82599 1.82923 1.84972 1.85949 1.86872 0.5629 – 0.0083
835431.485
N-LASF43
1.80610 40.61 0.019850 1.81081 40.36 0.020089 1.79691 1.80020 1.82122 1.83137 1.84106 0.5703 – 0.0052
806406.426
N-LASF44
1.80420 46.50 0.017294 1.80832 46.25 0.017476 1.79609 1.79901 1.81731 1.82594 1.83405 0.5572 – 0.0084
804465.444
N-LASF45
1.80107 34.97 0.022905 1.80650 34.72 0.023227 1.79066 1.79436 1.81864 1.83068 1.84237 0.5859 0.0009
801350.363
N-LASF45HT
1.80107 34.97 0.022905 1.80650 34.72 0.023227 1.79066 1.79436 1.81864 1.83068 1.84237 0.5859 0.0009
801350.363
N-LASF46A
1.90366 31.32 0.028853 1.91048 31.09 0.029287 1.89064 1.89526 1.92586 1.94129 1.95645 0.5953 0.0042
904313.445
N-LASF46B
1.90366 31.32 0.028852 1.91048 31.09 0.029289 1.89065 1.89526 1.92586 1.94130 1.95647 0.5956 0.0045
904313.451
 85

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

1 0 2 1 1 7.4 683 817 4.41 515 4 1 0.799 41/36*

1 0 2 1 1 7.4 683 817 4.41 515 4 1 0.843 40/36* LASF

1 0 2.3 1 1 6.7 719 830 5.51 650 2 1 0.933 38/33*

1 1 51.2 1 1.3 5.8 590 677 4.43 580 1 0 0.891 39/35*

1 1 4 1 1 6.2 651 739 4.85 760 2 0 0.948 37/32*

1 1 51.3 1 2 5.5 614 699 4.26 720 2 1 0.919 42/34

1 1 4 1 1 6.2 655 742 4.44 770 2 0 0.963 40/31

1 0 3.2 1 1 7.4 647 773 3.63 630 3 0 0.857 44/35

1 0 3.2 1 1 7.4 647 773 3.63 630 3 0 0.886 43/35

1 0 3 1 1 6.0 638 733 4.45 666 1 0 0.815 41/37*

1 0 3.3 1 1 6.0 611 703 4.51 712 0 0.847 40/36*

* Wavelength for transmittance 0.7 and 0.05

86

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-SF1
1.71736 29.62 0.024219 1.72308 29.39 0.024606 1.70651 1.71035 1.73605 1.74919 1.76224 0.6037 0.0097
717296.303
N-SF2
1.64769 33.82 0.019151 1.65222 33.56 0.019435 1.63902 1.64210 1.66241 1.67265 1.68273 0.5950 0.0081
648338.272
N-SF4
1.75513 27.38 0.027583 1.76164 27.16 0.028044 1.74286 1.74719 1.77647 1.79158 1.80668 0.6096 0.0118
755274.315
N-SF5
1.67271 32.25 0.020858 1.67763 32.00 0.021177 1.66330 1.66664 1.68876 1.69998 1.71106 0.5984 0.0088
673323.286
N-SF6
1.80518 25.36 0.031750 1.81266 25.16 0.032304 1.79114 1.79608 1.82980 1.84738 1.86506 0.6158 0.0146
805254.337
N-SF6HT
1.80518 25.36 0.031750 1.81266 25.16 0.032304 1.79114 1.79608 1.82980 1.84738 1.86506 0.6158 0.0146
805254.337
N-SF6HTultra
1.80518 25.36 0.031750 1.81266 25.16 0.032304 1.79114 1.79608 1.82980 1.84738 1.86506 0.6158 0.0146
805254.337
N-SF8
1.68894 31.31 0.022005 1.69413 31.06 0.022346 1.67904 1.68254 1.70589 1.71775 1.72948 0.5999 0.0087
689313.290
N-SF10
1.72828 28.53 0.025524 1.73430 28.31 0.025941 1.71688 1.72091 1.74800 1.76191 1.77578 0.6066 0.0108
728285.305
N-SF11
1.78472 25.68 0.030558 1.79192 25.47 0.031088 1.77119 1.77596 1.80841 1.82533 1.84235 0.6156 0.0150
785257.322
N-SF14
1.76182 26.53 0.028715 1.76859 26.32 0.029204 1.74907 1.75356 1.78405 1.79986 1.81570 0.6122 0.0130
762265.312
 87

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

1 0 1 1 1 9.1 553 660 3.03 540 5 1 0.867 41/36

1 0 1 1.2 1 6.7 608 731 2.72 539 1 0.928 40/36

1 0 1.3 1 1 9.5 570 661 3.15 520 6 1 0.830 43/36

1 0 1 1 1 7.9 578 693 2.86 620 3 1 0.905 40/36

SF
1 0 2 1 1 9.0 589 683 3.37 550 4 0 0.821 44/37

1 0 2 1 1 9.0 589 683 3.37 550 4 0 0.877 44/37

1 0 2 1 1 9.0 589 683 3.37 550 4 0 0.887 43/37

1 0 1 1 1 8.6 567 678 2.90 600 4 1 0.901 41/36

1 0 1 1 1 9.4 559 652 3.05 540 5 1 0.837 42/36

1 0 1 1 1 8.5 592 688 3.22 615 4 1 0.815 44/37

1 0 1 1 1 9.4 566 657 3.12 515 5 0 0.891 42/36

88

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-SF15
1.69892 30.20 0.023142 1.70438 29.96 0.023511 1.68854 1.69222 1.71677 1.72933 1.74182 0.6038 0.0108
699302.292
N-SF57
1.84666 23.78 0.035604 1.85504 23.59 0.036247 1.83099 1.83650 1.87432 1.89423 1.91440 0.6216 0.0178
847238.353
N-SF57HT
1.84666 23.78 0.035604 1.85504 23.59 0.036247 1.83099 1.83650 1.87432 1.89423 1.91440 0.6216 0.0178
847238.353
N-SF57HTultra
1.84666 23.78 0.035604 1.85504 23.59 0.036247 1.83099 1.83650 1.87432 1.89423 1.91440 0.6216 0.0178
847238.353
N-SF66
1.92286 20.88 0.044199 1.93322 20.70 0.045076 1.90368 1.91039 1.95739 1.98285 0.6394 0.0307
923209.400
SF1
1.71736 29.51 0.024307 1.72310 29.29 0.024687 1.70647 1.71031 1.73610 1.74916 1.76201 0.5983 0.0042
717295.446
SF2
1.64769 33.85 0.019135 1.65222 33.60 0.019412 1.63902 1.64210 1.66238 1.67249 1.68233 0.5886 0.0017
648339.386
SF4
1.75520 27.58 0.027383 1.76167 27.37 0.027829 1.74300 1.74730 1.77636 1.79121 1.80589 0.6036 0.0062
755276.479
SF5
1.67270 32.21 0.020885 1.67764 31.97 0.021195 1.66327 1.66661 1.68876 1.69986 1.71069 0.5919 0.0023
673322.407
SF6
1.80518 25.43 0.031660 1.81265 25.24 0.032201 1.79117 1.79609 1.82970 1.84707 1.86436 0.6102 0.0092
805254.518
SF6HT
1.80518 25.43 0.031660 1.81265 25.24 0.032201 1.79117 1.79609 1.82970 1.84707 1.86436 0.6102 0.0092
805254.518
 89

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

1 0 1 1 1 8.0 580 692 2.92 610 3 1 0.857 42/37

1 0 1 1 1 8.5 629 716 3.53 520 4 0 0.733 42/37*

1 0 1 1 1 8.5 629 716 3.53 520 4 0 0.793 41/37*

1 0 1 1 1 8.5 629 716 3.53 520 4 0 0.830 40/37*

1 0 1 1 1 5.9 710 806 4.00 440 3 1 0.504 45/39*

2 1 3.2 2.3 3 8.1 417 566 4.46 390 1 1 0.967 39/34

1 0 2 2.3 2 8.4 441 600 3.86 410 2 0 0.981 37/33

1 2 4.3 2.3 3.3 8.0 420 552 4.79 390 1 1 0.954 40/35

1 1 2 2.3 3 8.2 425 580 4.07 410 2 1 0.980 37/33

2 3 51.3 2.3 3.3 8.1 423 538 5.18 370 1 0 0.915 42/36

2 3 51.3 2.3 3.3 8.1 423 538 5.18 370 1 0 0.941 41/36

* Wavelength for transmittance 0.7 and 0.05

90

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
SF10
1.72825 28.41 0.025633 1.73430 28.19 0.026051 1.71681 1.72085 1.74805 1.76198 1.77579 0.6046 0.0085
728284.428
SF11
1.78472 25.76 0.030467 1.79190 25.55 0.030997 1.77125 1.77599 1.80834 1.82518 1.84208 0.6147 0.0142
785258.474
SF56A
1.78470 26.08 0.030092 1.79180 25.87 0.030603 1.77136 1.77605 1.80800 1.82449 1.84092 0.6098 0.0098
785261.492
SF57
1.84666 23.83 0.035536 1.85504 23.64 0.036166 1.83102 1.83650 1.87425 1.89393 1.91366 0.6160 0.0123
847238.551
SF57HTultra
1.84666 23.83 0.035536 1.85504 23.64 0.036166 1.83102 1.83650 1.87425 1.89393 1.91366 0.6160 0.0123
847238.551
 91

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

1 0 1 1.2 2 7.5 454 595 4.28 430 1 0 0.862 41/37

1 0 1 1.2 1 6.1 503 635 4.74 450 1 1 0.525 44/39

1 1 3.2 2.2 3.2 7.9 429 556 4.92 380 1 1 0.857 42/37

2 5 52.3 2.3 4.3 8.3 414 519 5.51 350 1 0 0.847 40/37*

2 5 52.3 2.3 4.3 8.3 414 519 5.51 350 1 0 0.924 39/36*

* Wavelength for transmittance 0.7 and 0.05

92

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
N-KZFS2
1.55836 54.01 0.010338 1.56082 53.83 0.010418 1.55337 1.55519 1.56612 1.57114 1.57580 0.5419 – 0.0111
558540.255
N-KZFS4
1.61336 44.49 0.013785 1.61664 44.27 0.013929 1.60688 1.60922 1.62380 1.63071 1.63723 0.5590 – 0.0100
613445.300
N-KZFS5
1.65412 39.70 0.016477 1.65803 39.46 0.016675 1.64649 1.64922 1.66667 1.67511 1.68318 0.5710 – 0.0060
654397.304
N-KZFS8
1.72047 34.70 0.020763 1.72539 34.47 0.021046 1.71099 1.71437 1.73637 1.74724 1.75777 0.5833 – 0.0021
720347.320
N-KZFS11
1.63775 42.41 0.015038 1.64132 42.20 0.015198 1.63069 1.63324 1.64915 1.65670 1.66385 0.5605 – 0.0120
638424.320
KZFS12i
1.69600 36.29 0.019179 1.70055 36.06 0.019425 1.68717 1.69033 1.71065 1.72059 1.73017 0.5778 – 0.0050
696363.384

i Will become inquiry glass as of 2012/01/01; not recommended for new design
 93

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

1 4 52.3 4.3 4.2 4.4 491 600 2.55 490 3 1 0.985 34/30

1 1 3.4 1.2 1 7.3 536 664 3.00 520 3 1 0.979 36/32

1 0 1 1 1 6.4 584 739 3.04 555 1 0.976 37/32

1 0 1 1 1 7.8 509 635 3.20 570 4 1 0.963 38/33

1 1 3.4 1 1 6.6 551 3.20 530 3 1 0.987 36/30

4 1 53.3 4.3 4.3 5.2 492 549 3.84 440 4 1 0.919 40/35

KZFS
 94

Glass
nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
type
Precision Molding Glasses P-BK7
1.51640 64.06 0.008061 1.51832 63.87 0.008115 1.51248 1.51392 1.52243 1.52628 1.52982 0.5335 – 0.0025
516641.243
P-PK53i
1.52690 66.22 0.007957 1.52880 65.92 0.008022 1.52309 1.52447 1.53288 1.53673 1.54029 0.5408 0.0084
527662.283
P-SK57Q1
1.58600 59.50 0.009849 1.58835 59.26 0.009928 1.58127 1.58299 1.59340 1.59817 1.60260 0.5414 – 0.0024
586595.301
P-SK57
1.58700 59.60 0.009849 1.58935 59.36 0.009928 1.58227 1.58399 1.59440 1.59917 1.60359 0.5412 – 0.0024
587596.301
P-SK58A
1.58913 61.15 0.009634 1.59143 60.93 0.009707 1.58449 1.58618 1.59636 1.60100 1.60530 0.5386 – 0.0023
589612.297
P-SK60
1.61035 57.90 0.010541 1.61286 57.66 0.010628 1.60530 1.60714 1.61828 1.62340 1.62815 0.5427 – 0.0037
610579.308
P-SF8
1.68893 31.25 0.022046 1.69414 31.01 0.022386 1.67901 1.68252 1.70591 1.71778 1.72950 0.5991 0.0079
689313.290
P-LAK35
1.69350 53.20 0.013036 1.69661 52.95 0.013156 1.68732 1.68955 1.70334 1.70974 1.71569 0.5482 – 0.0061
693532.385
P-SF69
1.72250 29.23 0.024718 1.72883 29.00 0.025116 1.71144 1.71535 1.74158 1.75502 1.76840 0.6050 0.0104
723292.293
P-LAF37
1.75550 45.66 0.016546 1.75944 45.42 0.016722 1.74775 1.75054 1.76804 1.77633 1.78414 0.5590 – 0.0080
755457.399

i Will become inquiry glass as of 2014/01/01; not recommended for new design
 95

After Molding*2 a a Abrasion τi

nd ref.*1 SR-J WR-J (–30/+70) (20/300)
Tg AT ρ HK Aa
B (10/400)
FC
nd νd
1.51576 1.5144*3 63.9*3 1 4 6.0 7.3 498 546 2.43 627 66 1 0.997 33/30

1.52567 1.5232 66 3 1 13.3 16.0 383 418 2.83 335 977 1 0.994 36/31

1.58496 1.5833 59.4 4 1 7.2 8.9 493 522 3.01 535 124 1 0.994 34/31

1.58596 1.5843 59.4 4 1 7.2 8.9 493 522 3.01 535 124 1 0.994 34/31

1.58795 1.5860 60.8 4 2 6.8 8.4 510 551 2.97 662 102 1 0.994 35/31

1.60918 1.6068 57.7 4 3 7.1 8.9 507 547 3.08 601 86 1 0.997 33/29

1.68623 1.6814 31.7 1 1 9.4 11.1 524 580 2.90 533 200 1 0.924 40/36

1.69234 1.6904 53.0 4 3 8.1 9.7 508 544 3.85 616 119 0 0.988 36/29

1.72006 1.7155 29.7 1 1 9.0 11.1 508 547 2.93 612 142 1 0.915 41/36 Low Tg

1.75396 1.7508 45.5 4 1 6.3 7.8 506 546 3.99 697 67 0 0.980 37/31

*1 nd reference value (annealing rate 25 K/h)  *2 as pressed at SCHOTT; for details please consult SCHOTT  *3 preliminary data
96

Glass
nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
type
P-LASF47
1.80610 40.90 0.019709 1.81078 40.66 0.019941 1.79696 1.80023 1.82110 1.83112 1.84064 0.5671 – 0.0079
806409.454
P-LASF50
1.80860 40.46 0.019985 1.81335 40.22 0.020223 1.79934 1.80266 1.82382 1.83399 1.84367 0.5680 – 0.0078
809405.454
P-LASF51
1.81000 40.93 0.019792 1.81470 40.68 0.020025 1.80082 1.80411 1.82506 1.83512 1.84467 0.5670 – 0.0080
810409.458
P-SF67ii
1.90680 21.40 0.042374 1.91675 21.23 0.043191 1.88833 1.89480 1.93985 1.96401 0.6334 0.0256
907214.424
P-SF68
2.00520 21.00 0.047867 2.01643 20.82 0.048826 1.98449 1.99171 2.04262 2.07018 0.6392 0.0308
005210.619

N-FK51A
1.48656 84.47 0.005760 1.48794 84.07 0.005804 1.48379 1.48480 1.49088 1.49364 1.49618 0.5359 0.0342
487845.368
N-FK5
1.48749 70.41 0.006924 1.48914 70.23 0.006965 1.48410 1.48535 1.49266 1.49593 1.49894 0.5290 0.0036
487704.245
N-PK52A
1.49700 81.61 0.006090 1.49845 81.21 0.006138 1.49408 1.49514 1.50157 1.50450 1.50720 0.5377 0.0311
497816.370
N-PK51
1.52855 76.98 0.006867 1.53019 76.58 0.006923 1.52527 1.52646 1.53372 1.53704 1.54010 0.5401 0.0258
529770.386

ii Will become inquiry glass as of 2016/01/01; not recommended for new design
 97

After Molding*2 a a Abrasion τi

nd ref.*1 SR-J WR-J (–30/+70) (20/300)
Tg AT ρ HK Aa
B (10/400)
FC
nd νd
1.80449 1.8016 40.8 3 1 6.0 7.3 530 580 4.54 620 70 1 0.967 39/33

1.80699 1.8036*3 40.3*3 5.9 7.3 527 571 4.54 655 62 1 0.967 39/32

1.80842 1.8056 40.8 3 1 6.0 7.4 526 570 4.58 722 66 1 0.967 39/33

1.90439 1.8998 21.6 1 1 6.2 7.4 539 601 4.24 440 309 1 0.276 48/39*

2.00365 1.9958 20.9 4 1 8.4 9.7 428 468 6.19 404 298 0.007 49/41*

1.48597 1.4847 84.2 3 1 12.7 14.8 464 503 3.68 345 528 1 0.997 34/28

1.48666 1.485 70.2 5 4 9.2 10.0 466 557 2.45 520 109 1 0.998 30/27

1.49640 1.4952 81.3 4 1 13.0 15.0 467 520 3.70 355 526 1 0.997 34/28

1.52784 1.5267 76.7 3 1 12.4 14.1 487 528 3.86 415 592 1 0.994 34/29

*1 nd reference value (annealing rate 25 K/h)  *2 as pressed at SCHOTT; for details please consult SCHOTT  *3 preliminary data
* Wavelength for transmittance 0.7 and 0.05
98

Glass
nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F
type
N-KZFS2
1.55836 54.01 0.010338 1.56082 53.83 0.010418 1.55337 1.55519 1.56612 1.57114 1.57580 0.5419 – 0.0111
558540.255
N-KZFS4
1.61336 44.49 0.013785 1.61664 44.27 0.013929 1.60688 1.60922 1.62380 1.63071 1.63723 0.5590 – 0.0100
613445.300
N-KZFS11
1.63775 42.41 0.015038 1.64132 42.20 0.015198 1.63069 1.63324 1.64915 1.65670 1.66385 0.5605 – 0.0120
638424.320
N-KZFS5
1.65412 39.70 0.016477 1.65803 39.46 0.016675 1.64649 1.64922 1.66667 1.67511 1.68318 0.5710 – 0.0060
654397.304
N-KZFS8
1.72047 34.70 0.020763 1.72539 34.47 0.021046 1.71099 1.71437 1.73637 1.74724 1.75777 0.5833 – 0.0021
720347.320
N-LAF33
1.78582 44.05 0.017839 1.79007 43.80 0.018038 1.77751 1.78049 1.79937 1.80837 1.81687 0.5626 – 0.0071
786441.436
N-LASF46B
1.90366 31.32 0.028852 1.91048 31.09 0.029289 1.89065 1.89526 1.92586 1.94130 1.95647 0.5956 0.0045
904313.451

SF57
1.84666 23.83 0.035536 1.85504 23.64 0.036166 1.83102 1.83650 1.87425 1.89393 1.91366 0.6160 0.0123
847238.551
SF57HTultra
1.84666 23.83 0.035536 1.85504 23.64 0.036166 1.83102 1.83650 1.87425 1.89393 1.91366 0.6160 0.0123
847238.551
 99

After Molding*2 a a Abrasion τi

nd ref.*1 SR-J WR-J (–30/+70) (20/300)
Tg AT ρ HK Aa
B (10/400)
FC
nd νd
1.55666 1.5534 53.7 6 6 4.4 5.4 472 533 2.54 490 70 1 0.985 34/30

1.61227 1.6100*3 44.5*3 6 4 7.3 8.2 536 597 3.00 520 130 1 0.979 36/32

1.63658 1.6341*3 42.3*3 6.6 7.6 551 3.20 530 74 1 0.987 36/30

1.65272 1.6498*3 39.8*3 1 1 6.4 7.4 584 648 3.04 555 122 1 0.976 37/32

1.71896 1.7158*3 34.8*3 1 1 7.8 9.4 509 561 3.20 570 152 1 0.963 38/33

1.78425 1.7811 43.9 6 1 5.6 6.7 600 628 4.36 730 67 0 0.963 39/32

1.90165 1.8977 31.4 1 2 6.0 7.1 611 649 4.51 712 55 0 0.847 40/36*

1.84608 1.8447 23.6 6 1 8.3 9.2 414 449 5.51 350 344 0 0.847 40/37*

1.84608 1.8447 23.7 6 1 8.3 9.2 414 449 5.51 350 344 0 0.924 39/36*

*1 nd reference value (annealing rate 25 K/h)  *2 as pressed at SCHOTT; for details please consult SCHOTT  *3 preliminary data
* Wavelength for transmittance 0.7 and 0.05
 100

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F

Inquiry glasses FK3

classic glasses
1.46450 65.77 0.007063 1.46619 65.57 0.007110 1.46106 1.46232 1.46978 1.47315 1.47625 0.5329 – 0.0003
464658.227
N-SK10
1.62278 56.98 0.010929 1.62539 56.70 0.011029 1.61759 1.61947 1.63102 1.63638 1.64137 0.5474 – 0.0005
623570.364
N-SK15
1.62296 58.02 0.010737 1.62552 57.75 0.010832 1.61785 1.61970 1.63105 1.63629 1.64116 0.5453 – 0.0009
623580.362
N-BAF3
1.58272 46.64 0.012495 1.58569 46.35 0.012637 1.57689 1.57899 1.59222 1.59857 1.60463 0.5669 0.0015
583466.279
BAFN6
1.58900 48.45 0.012158 1.59189 48.16 0.012291 1.58332 1.58536 1.59823 1.60436 1.61017 0.5625 0.0002
589485.317
N-LAF3
1.71700 47.96 0.014950 1.72055 47.68 0.015112 1.71001 1.71252 1.72834 1.73585 1.74293 0.5603 – 0.0028
717480.414
SFL57
1.84666 23.62 0.035841 1.85510 23.43 0.036489 1.83089 1.83643 1.87451 1.89456 1.91488 0.6218 0.0177
847236.355
SFL6
1.80518 25.39 0.031708 1.81265 25.19 0.032260 1.79116 1.79609 1.82977 1.84733 1.86500 0.6159 0.0148
805254.337
N-SF19
1.66679 33.12 0.020131 1.67154 32.86 0.020435 1.65769 1.66092 1.68228 1.69309 1.70377 0.5976 0.0095
667331.290
N-PSK53
1.62014 63.48 0.009769 1.62247 63.19 0.009851 1.61547 1.61717 1.62749 1.63223 1.63662 0.5423 0.0053
620635.360
KZFSN5
1.65412 39.63 0.016507 1.65803 39.40 0.016701 1.64644 1.64920 1.66668 1.67512 1.68319 0.5700 – 0.0071
654396.346
 101

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

2 3 52.4 2 1 8.2 362 622 2.27 380 1 0.994 33/30

3 3 52.2 2 2.2 6.8 633 758 3.64 550 3 1 0.988 36/32

3 3 52.2 2 3.2 6.7 641 752 3.62 620 3 1 0.984 36/31

1 0 1 1 1 7.2 583 714 2.79 560 2 1 0.959 39/35

2 0 2 2 1 7.8 549 3.17 540 1 0.971 38/33

2 3 52.3 1.2 3.3 7.6 646 740 4.14 580 5 1 0.954 39/34

1 0 1.3 1 1.3 8.7 598 700 3.55 580 3 1 0.525 44/38*

1 0 2 1 1 9.0 585 3.37 570 0 0.850 45/37

1 0 1 1.2 1 7.2 598 707 2.90 630 3 1 0.901 40/36

2 1 52.3 1.2 4.3 9.4 618 709 3.60 440 6 1 0.985 36/31

3 2 52.3 4.3 4.3 4.5 501 3.46 460 5 1 0.976 37/34

INQ
* Wavelength for transmittance 0.7 and 0.05
 102

Glass
type nd νd nF – nC ne νe nF’ – nC’ nr nC nF’ ng nh Pg,F ∆ Pg,F

Inquiry glasses N-SF64

radiation resistant glasses – classic glasses

1.70591 30.23 0.023350 1.71142 29.99 0.023720 1.69544 1.69914 1.72392 1.73657 1.74912 0.6028 0.0099
706302.299
N-SF56
1.78470 26.10 0.030071 1.79179 25.89 0.030587 1.77137 1.77607 1.80800 1.82460 1.84126 0.6139 0.0140
785261.328
LASF35
2.02204 29.06 0.035170 2.03035 28.84 0.035721 2.00628 2.01185 2.04916 2.06805 2.08663 0.5982 0.0033
022291.541
BK7G18
1.51975 63.58 0.008174 1.52170 63.36 0.008233 1.51579 1.51724 1.52587 1.52981 1.53345 0.5376 0.0007
520636.252
LF5G19
1.59655 39.89 0.014954 1.60010 39.60 0.015153 1.58970 1.59214 1.60799 1.61578 1.62330 0.5803 0.0036
597399.330
LF5G15
1.58397 40.83 0.014301 1.58736 40.55 0.014484 1.57739 1.57974 1.59489 1.60228 0.5759 0.0008
584408.322
K5G20
1.52344 56.76 0.009222 1.52564 56.47 0.009308 1.51906 1.52065 1.53040 1.53494 1.53919 0.5500 0.0017
523568.259
LAK9G15
1.69064 54.76 0.012612 1.69364 54.53 0.012721 1.68462 1.68680 1.70013 1.70630 1.71205 0.5462 – 0.0055
691548.353
F2G12
1.62072 36.56 0.016979 1.62474 36.30 0.017212 1.61298 1.61573 1.63373 1.64261 1.65121 0.5831 0.0008
621366.360
SF6G05
1.80906 25.28 0.032015 1.81661 25.08 0.03257 1.79491 1.79988 1.83387 0.6121 0.0108
809253.520
 103

CR FR SR AR PR a Tg T107.6 ρ HK HG B τi FC
(–30/+70) (10/400)

1 0 1 1.2 1 8.5 572 685 2.99 620 4 1 0.850 42/37

1 0 1 1.3 1 8.7 592 691 3.28 560 5 1 0.799 44/37

1 0 1.3 1 1.3 7.4 774 5.41 810 1 2 0.634 45/37*

0 1 2 7.0 585 722 2.52 580 0 0.764 41/37

2 – 3 2 3.4 2.2 3 10.7 474 606 3.30 410 2 1 0.276 45/39

2 0 1 1.3 2.3 9.3 407 578 3.22 446 1 0.569 43/37

0 1 1 9.0 483 679 2.59 510 1 0.821 41/37

1 – 2 2 53.0 1.3 4.3 6.3 634 710 3.53 721 2 0.292 46/38

1 0 1 1.3 2.3 8.1 435 604 3.60 428 1 0.325 45/39

4 3 51.3 2.3 3.3 7.8 427 529 5.20 360 1 52/46*

* Wavelength for transmittance 0.7 and 0.05

104

Glossary

Glass Code – International glass code of refractive index nd HG – Grindability class (ISO 12844)
and Abbe number νd with density B – Bubble class
nx, νx, nx – ny – Refractive index, Abbe number, and dispersion τi (10/400) – Internal transmittance at 400 nm;
at various wavelengths glass thickness: 10 mm
Pg,F , ΔPg,F – Relative partial dispersion and deviation of FC – Color Code: Wavelength for transmittance
relative partial dispersion from the normal line 0.80 (at*: 0.70) and 0.05; glass thickness:
between g and F line 10 mm (JOGIS)
CR – Climatic resistance class (ISO/WD 13384)
FR – Stain resistance class
Only precision molding glasses:
SR – Acid resistance class (ISO 8424) Abrasion Aa – Grindability according to JOGIS
AR – Alkali resistance class (ISO 10629) nd ref. – nd reference value (annealing rate 25 K/h)
PR – Phosphate resistance class (ISO 9689) nd, nd after – As pressed at SCHOTT (preliminary data
α (– 30/+ 70) – Coefficient of linear thermal expansion between molding based on annealing rate of 5000 K/h)
– 30 °C and + 70 °C in 10–6/K SR-J – Acid resistance class according to JOGIS
Tg – Transformation temperature in °C (ISO 7884-8) WR-J – Water resistance class according to JOGIS
T107.6 – Temperature of the glass at a viscosity of AT – Yield point/sag temperature in °C
10 7.6 dPa s α (20/300) – Coefficient of linear thermal expansion
ρ – Density in g/cm3 between + 20 °C and + 300 °C in 10– 6/K
HK – Knoop hardness (ISO 9385) JOGIS – Japanese Optical Glass Industrial Standards

The data listed is the most accurate data currently available.

We reserve the right to make changes due to technical progress.
Notes
SCHOTT North America, Inc.
Advanced Optics
400 York Avenue
Duryea, PA 18642, USA
Phone 1-570-457-7485
Fax 1-570-457-7330
[email protected]
www.us.schott.com/
advanced_optics
10349 INTERNATIONAL 08112.5 kn/r&n Printed in Germany