IIIT Introduction To Hadith (W1)
IIIT Introduction To Hadith (W1)
IIIT Introduction To Hadith (W1)
HADITH
by muhammad adli musa
course
STRUCTURE
6 Weeks | 11.00 am (MYT) | every Saturday: 4 March - 8 April 2023
week 2 week 3
week 1
preservation & verification &
concept & authority
transmission fabrication
week 6
WEEK 4 week 5
CRITICISM understanding PRINCIPLES OF
Engagement
hadith
CONCEPT AND AUTHORITY
preamble
HADITH
Large portions of the Islamic legal,
theological, and popular religious traditions
come not from the book that Muslims hold to
be God's revelation, but rather from the
legacy of Muhammad ﷺ, whom they believe
God chose to explain and elucidate His
message through word and deed.
structure
HADITH
, consists of a text (matn) describing his words orﷺ Each hadith, or report about the Prophet
actions, and a chain of transmission (isnad) by which this report was communicated
َح َّد َث َن ا اْل ُح َم ْي ِد ُّي َع ْب ُد الَّل ِه ْب ُن الُّزَب ْي ِر َق اَل َ :ح َّد َث َن ا ُس ْف َي اُن َق اَل َ :ح َّد َث َن ا َي ْح َي ى ْب ُن َس ِع يٍد اَأل ْن َص اِر ُّي َق اَل َ :أ ْخ َب َر ِن ي ُم َح َّم ُد ْب ُن
ِإ ْب َر اِه يَم الَّت ْي ِم ُّي َأ َّن ُه َس ِم َع َع ْل َق َم َة ْب َن َو َّق اٍص الَّل ْي ِث َّي َي ُق وُل َ :س ِم ْع ُت ُع َم َر ْب َن اْل َخ َّط اِب -رضي الله عنهَ -ع َل ى اْل ِم ْن َب ِر َق اَل :
َس ِم ْع ُت َر ُس وَل الَّل ِه ﷺ َي ُق وُل ِ« :إ َّن َم ا اَأل ْع َم اُل ِب الِّن َّي اِت َ ،و ِإ َّن َم ا ِل ُك ِّل اْم ِر ٍئ َم ا َن َو ىَ ،ف َم ْن َك اَن ْت ِه ْج َر ُت ُه ِإ َل ى ُد ْن َي ا ُي ِص يُب َه اَ ،أ ْو
ِه ْي َل َه
اِ ،ه َر ِإ ى َم ا اَج َر ِإ » َل ُه ُت ْج َف َه ُح ِك ْن ٍة َأ
ِإ َل ى اْم َر َي
SANAD
support
presence of full isnads leading back to the Prophet ﷺand transmitting his legacy defined the
core of hadith literature
tracing the isnad of a hadith back to Muhammad ﷺis to follow one's genealogy of sacred
knowledge back to its source - it is a medium of connection to the Prophet ﷺ, 'the beloved of
God,' and a link to the scholarly titans of the past
definitions
HADITH
new
SUNNAH
a way, course, rule, mode or manner of acting or conduct
item of news, a tale, a story or a report –be it historical or of life
legendary, true or false, moral or scandalous, relating to continuous tradition
the present or to the past
HADITH
the unit through which the Sunnah was
preserved, transmitted, and understood has
been the hadith or report describing the words,
actions, or habits of the Prophet ﷺ
concept
ُق ْل يُع وا ال َه َو الَّرُس وَل ۖ ِإ ن َو ا
ْو َّل َت َف َّل ِط َأ Prophet's
ي
ِر َن ِفا َك ْلا ُّب
Say, ‘Obey God and the Messenger,’ but
ِح ُي اَل َه َّلال َّن ِإ َف
AUTHORITY
if they turn away, [know that] God does necessity of obeying the Prophet's ﷺ
not love those who ignore [His commands
commands].
Āl ʿImrān/3: 32 obeying the Prophet ﷺis to obey God
grave consequences of disobeying Prophet ﷺ
-
ittiba c َف اَّت ِب ُع وِن ي
ۗ ُذ ُن وَب ُك ْم
ال َهَّل
َلُك ْم
َن و ُّب ِح ُت ْم ُتن ُك ن ْل ِإ
ُي ْح ِب ْب ُك ُم الَّل ُه َو َي ْغ ِف ْر
ُق
The role of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺas a Allah, then follow me, [so] Allah will love
teacher, role model, and living example of you and forgive you your sins. And Allah
the revelation he delivered is discussed in is Forgiving and Merciful.“
Āl ʿImrān/3: 31
the Qur'an
َّل َق ْد َك اَن َلُك ْم يِف َر ُس وِل الَّل ِه ُأ ْس َو ٌة
ْل َّل ِّل
َح َس َن ٌة َم ن اَن َي ْرُج و ال َه َو ا َي َم
ْو َك
َه
)3( ا َو ٰى ْل َع ُق
َو َم ا َي نِط ِن َّل آْل
َك َك َذ
ا َر َو َر ال َه ِث يًر اِخ
)4( ُي وَح ٰى ْح َو ِإ ْن ُه َو ِإ اَّل
ٌي
The Messenger of God is an excellent
he does not speak from his own desire.
model for those of you who put your
It is only a revelation sent down ˹to him˺.
hope in God and the Last Day and
al-Najm/53: 3-4
remember Him often.
al-Aḥzāb/33: 21
MUHAMMAD ﷺ ُق ْل ِإ َّن َم ا َأ َن ا َب َش ٌر ِّم ْث ُل ُك ْم ُي وَح ٰى ِإ َّيَل
َأ َّن َم ا ِإ َٰل ُه ُك ْم ِإ َٰل ٌه َو اِح ٌد َف اْس َت ِق يُم وا ِإ َل ْي ِه
although the Qur'an reiterates that ي ِك
ٌل ُم ِر َنْش ْل ِّل ْي َو َو ۗ وُه ْغ
َو اْس َت ُر
ِف
Muhammad ﷺis nothing but a mortal who
has merely been favored with direct Say [Prophet], ‘I am only a mortal like
communication from God, Muslims consider you, [but] it has been revealed to me
him above any ethical shortcomings that your God is One. Take the straight
as a mere mortal, Muhammad ﷺhad no path to Him and seek His forgiveness.
independent ability to prophesy - he was Woe to the idolaters,
Fuṣṣilat/41: 6
simply a medium for God's revelation
ِم
ُك ُت َأ
َش ُك ُت َأ
ِإ َّن َم ا ا َب ٌر ِإ ا َم ْر ْم ِب ْى ٍء ْن
َذ َش َن َأ
ِد يِن ُك ْم َف ُخ ُذ وا ِب ِه َو ِإ َذ ا َم ْر ْم
extent of
I am a human
َأ َّن
being,
َف ْأ
ِب َش ْى ٍء ِم ْن َر ٍى ِإ َم ا َن ا َب َش ٌر
so when I
IMITATION
although a hadith could refer to any aspect
command you about a thing pertaining
of the Prophet's ﷺlife and legacy, not
to religion, do accept it, and when I
everything the Prophet ﷺ did was
command you about a thing out of my
authoritative
personal opinion, keep it in mind that I
not all aspects of the Prophet's ﷺbehavior
am a human being.
Sahih Muslim, hadith no. 2362 required imitation or obedience
Qur'an
SUNNAH
teachings of the Prophet ﷺ adjust,
augment and explain the Qur'an
the Sunnah is an essential resource for
explaining and supplementing the
Qur'anic message
the Sunnah has controlled the way in
which Muslims have interpreted the
Qur'anic revelation
َّك َف َت ُه َّل َل َل ِّز ُن ِس َّن ِل ِّي ُت ِل ْك ِّذ َل
َو ن ا ِإ ْي َك ال َر َب َن ل ا َم ا َل ِإ ْي ِه ْم َو َع ْم َي ُر وَنَن ْل َز َأ
We have sent down the message to you too [Prophet], so that you can
explain to people what was sent for them, so that they may reflect
al-Naḥl/16: 44
The Sunnah came to rule over the Qur'an, it is not the Qur'an that rules over the Sunnah
Yaḥyā ibn Abī Kathīr (d. 129/747)
The Quran needs the Sunnah more than the Sunnah needs the Qur'an
Ayyūb al-Sakhtiyānī (d. 131/748)
not in any way an admission of any deficiency in the Qur'an - rather it recognises that the book
required the Prophet's ﷺexample and teachings in order to explain its verses and unlock its
manifold meanings to an evolving community
SUNNAH vis-a-visQUR'AN
al-Sunnah al-Sunnah al-Sunnah
al-Muʾakkidah al-Mubayyinah al-Istiqlāliyyah
reemphasises that which is in clarifies that which is in the independent of the Qur'an
the Qur'an Qur'an
ِب ُظ ْل ٍم و َك ُم ا ْم ُن َو م
ُه َأْل ُه َل ِئ َل ُأ ألم، ليس ذلك إنما هو الشرك: قال ﷺ.يظلم نفسه
ۖ تسمعوا ما قال لقمان البنه <َي ا ُب َن َّي اَل ُت ْش ِر ْك ِب الَّل ِه
ُّم ْه َت ُد وَن > ِإ َّن الِّش ْرَك َل ُظ ْل ٌم َع ِظ يٌم
When this verse was revealed, it was hard on the
It is those who have faith, and do not
Muslims. They said, "O Allah's Messenger !ﷺWho
mix their faith with idolatry, who will be
among us did not commit ẓulm against himself?"
secure, and it is they who are rightly He ﷺsaid, "It is not that. It is shirk. Did you not
guided.’ hear what the Luqman said to his son: 'Do not
Al-Anʿām/6: 82
attribute any partners to God: attributing
partners to Him is a terrible wrong.'"
Sunan al-Tirmidhi, hadith no. 3346
Taqyīd al-Mutlaq
.
ْق
َو الَّس اِر ُق َو الَّس اِر َق ُة َف ا َط ُع وا
ِّم اًل َك َن َك
ْي َي َم ا َج اًء ِب َم ا َس َب ا ا َنَز ُه ِد َأ : أن رسول الله ﷺ قال:عن عائشة
ٌمي ِك َح ٌزي ِز َع ُه َّلال َو ۗ ِه َّلال ال تقطع يد السارق إال يف ربع دينار
Cut off the hands of thieves, whether فصاعدا
they are man or woman, as ʿĀ’ishah said: Allah's Messenger ﷺsaid,
punishment for what they have done- "The hand of a thief should not be cut off
a deterrent from God: God is almighty but for a quarter of a dinar onward."
and wise. Sahih Muslim, hadith no. 1684
al-Mā’idah/5: 83
Takhsīs
.. al-ʿĀmm
:عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال
َّد
َو ال َم َة َت ْي َم ْلا ُم ُك ْي َل َح َّر َم َع ِإ َّن َم ا أحلت لنا ميتتان:قال رسوُل الله ﷺ
ِرْي َغ ِل ِه ِه ُأ
ا ِز ِر َم َّل ِب ا َو ي ن ِخ ْل َو َل ْح َم وأما، أما الميتتان فالسمك والجراد،ودمان
ۖ الَّل ِه الدمان فالكبد والطحال
He has only forbidden you carrion, Abdullāh ibn ʿUmar said: Allah's Messenger
blood, pig’s meat, and animals over said, "Two kinds of dead meat and two kinds
which any name other than God’s has of blood have been permitted to us. The two
kinds of dead meat are fish and locusts, and
been invoked.
al-Baqarah /2: 173 the two kinds of blood are the liver and
spleen.".
Sunan Ibn Majah, hadith no. 3314
References
Thanks
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