University of Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Level 3 Pre-U Certificate Principal Subject
University of Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Level 3 Pre-U Certificate Principal Subject
University of Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Level 3 Pre-U Certificate Principal Subject
PHYSICS 9792/02
Paper 2 Part A Written Paper May/June 2010
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Section A
Answer all questions.
You are advised to spend about 1 hour 30 minutes on this section.
For Examiner’s Use
Section B
Answer the one question. 1
You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on this section.
The question is based on the material in the Insert. 2
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use
appropriate units. 3
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. 4
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question
or part question.
5
Total
DC (CW/KN) 20877/5
© UCLES 2010 [Turn over
2
Data
Formulae
s = ( u+v
2
t ) electromagnetic induction E =
– d(NΦ)
dt
......t......
change of state ΔE = mL time dilation t⬘ =
v2
1– 2
c
v1
n = work done on/by a gas W = pΔV
v2
In 2
simple harmonic motion x = A cos ωt t = λ
F = –mω 2x
– 13.6 eV
hydrogen energy levels En =
n2
E = 12 mA2ω2
Section A For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in this section. Use
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a velocity-time graph for a bus travelling along a straight road between two
bus stops. It is divided into four parts.
a constant acceleration
a further increase in velocity to 20 m s–1
a decrease in velocity to 10 m s–1
a constant deceleration to rest
velocity
/ m s–1 20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(c) (i) On Fig.1.2, sketch the corresponding distance-time graph for the bus. For
Examiner’s
Use
distance
/m
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
time / s
Fig. 1.2
[3]
(ii) On Fig. 1.3, sketch the shape of the corresponding acceleration-time graph for the
bus.
acceleration
/ m s–2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
time / s
Fig. 1.3
[3]
(d) For a group of about 10 students, each with a stopwatch and a 50 m tape measure, For
write an instruction sheet for them to enable them to carry out an exercise to obtain data Examiner’s
to plot a distance-time graph for such a journey. Use
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2 A large hotel has a slab of concrete as its foundation, as shown in Fig. 2.1. The area of For
concrete is 53 m × 32 m and the depth of concrete is 1.3 m. The density of the concrete Examiner’s
is 2400 kg m–3 (density = mass / volume). Use
HOTEL
concrete
1.3 m foundation
53 m 32 m
Fig. 2.1
(a) Calculate
(iii) the pressure the foundations exert on the ground beneath them before the hotel
itself is built.
(b) Building regulations state that the maximum pressure allowed on the ground under the
foundations beneath the hotel is 70 kN m–2. Deduce the maximum mass of the building
and contents that can be allowed on top of the foundations.
3 (a) A car of mass m is travelling with constant velocity v. It is then brought to rest in a For
distance s by a constant frictional force F. Show that its initial kinetic energy is mv 2. Examiner’s
Use
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(b) A spacecraft of mass 1800 kg, far out in space, is travelling towards the Earth with
velocity 8500 m s–1.
(ii) The average specific heat capacity of the spacecraft is 5300 J kg–1 K–1. Calculate
the rise in the temperature of the spacecraft should all its kinetic energy be used in
raising its temperature.
(iii) Kinetic energy is transformed to thermal energy as the spacecraft moves closer
to the Earth. State the other form of energy that is transformed between the time
when it was far out in space and landing.
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(iv) Describe why, in practice, the spacecraft does not experience the rise in temperature
calculated in (ii).
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BLANK PAGE
4 A battery is connected to a variable resistor of resistance R, as shown in Fig. 4.1. The battery For
has an e.m.f. of 6.0 V and an internal resistance r of 2.0 Ω. Examiner’s
Use
6.0 V
2.0 Ω
Fig. 4.1
Some values are given in Fig. 4.2 for total resistance (R + r ), current I and power P dissipated
in R.
R/Ω (R + r ) / Ω I/A P/ W
0 2.0 3.0 0
0.5 2.5 2.4 2.9
1.0 3.0 2.0 4.0
2.0 4.0 1.5
3.0 5.0
4.0 6.0
5.0 7.0 0.86 3.7
6.0 8.0 0.75 3.4
8.0 10.0 0.60 2.9
10.0 12.0 0.50 2.5
Fig. 4.2
(b) The graph of Fig. 4.3 shows how the power P dissipated in R varies as R changes. For
Examiner’s
Use
P/W
4
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
R/Ω
Fig. 4.3
(iii) Explain what happens to the power supplied by the 6.0 V battery when the current
is 3.0 A.
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2. State the value of R in the table that gives the greatest efficiency.
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(b) Describe one method of setting up a standing wave. Use a diagram with your answer
and state the source of waves you are suggesting.
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(c) The pattern in Fig. 5.1 shows how the displacement of a standing wave of amplitude A
varies with the distance x along the wave at a time t = 0.
displacement t=0
A
O P x
Fig. 5.1
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(ii) On Fig. 5.1, sketch and label graphs to show the pattern at times
T T 7T
t= and t = and t =
2 4 8
where T is the time period of the oscillation. [3]
6 Fig. 6.1 shows some of the isotopes of the elements of proton numbers 11 to 15. For example, For
magnesium (Mg) has proton number 12 and has three stable isotopes. A stable nucleus of Examiner’s
magnesium may contain 12, 13 or 14 neutrons to give three isotopes Use
24 25 26
12 Mg, 12 Mg and 12 Mg.
The table also shows a few unstable isotopes together with their half-lives. The symbol β−
indicates that the isotope decays with the emission of a beta-particle.
number of Na Mg Al Si P
neutrons 11 12 13 14 15
12 stable stable
13 β− 15 h stable
14 β− 60 s stable stable stable β+ 4.3 s
15 β− 9.5 min β− 2.3 min stable
16 β− 6.6 min stable stable
17 β− 157 min
18
19
20
Fig. 6.1
(a) Give the symbols for the three stable isotopes of silicon (Si).
(b) (i) Write a balanced nuclear transformation, using standard notation, for the decay of
magnesium-27.
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(ii) By counting the number of protons and neutrons on both sides of the equation
in (i), deduce what change has taken place in one nuclear particle to produce other
particles.
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(c) Suggest a nuclear transformation equation for the decay of phosphorus(P)-29 in which
a positive electron, called a positron, is emitted.
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(d) The activity of a sample of aluminium(Al )-29 is 4.8 × 105 Bq at time t = 0. Calculate its
activity at time t = 33 min.
7 A clean magnesium plate is placed in an evacuated glass container and illuminated with For
ultra-violet radiation of wavelength 250 nm, as shown in Fig. 7.1. Another metal plate is at the Examiner’s
opposite end of the container and the two plates are connected through a microammeter to Use
a variable d.c. supply. The polarity of the variable d.c. supply can be reversed.
ultra-violet
radiation
magnesium
vacuum
plate
metal plate
μA
variable
d.c.
supply
Fig. 7.1
(a) State the name of the effect that causes electrons to be emitted from the magnesium
plate.
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(i) in joules,
(ii) in electron-volts.
(c) The work function of magnesium is 3.69 eV. Calculate the maximum energy, in eV, of
electrons emitted from the magnesium plate.
(d) Sketch a graph on the axes of Fig 7.2 to show how the current I in the microammeter For
will vary with the potential difference V between the two metal plates. Examiner’s
Use
0
0 V/V
Fig. 7.2
[3]
(e) Add another line on your sketch graph to show the effect of reducing the intensity of the
ultra-violet radiation. Label this line ‘lower intensity’. [2]
(f) Explain why the answer to (e) was so unexpected when the experiment was first
performed.
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Section B For
Examiner’s
You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on this section. Use
Your answers should, where possible, make use of any relevant Physics.
8 (a) (i) Extract 1 states that a pilot ejecting from an aircraft usually experiences a maximum
acceleration of between 5g and 20g.
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(ii) An ejecting pilot does not reach the maximum upwards acceleration immediately.
In Extract 2, the onset rate of one ejector seat is such that the acceleration takes
0.020 s to increase from 0 to 16g. At 0.020 s, the velocity of the pilot is 1.5 m s–1.
Sketch a velocity-time graph for this period, paying particular attention to its gradient
at time = 0 and at time = 0.020 s.
1.5
velocity
/ m s–1
0
0 0.020
time / s
[3]
(b) Extract 3 explains how an explosive cartridge in a catapult gun accelerates the seat up For
guide rails. Within 150 ms, a pilot using an ejector seat such as this is clear of the guide Examiner’s
rails and has travelled more than 1.60 m upwards. Extract 4 mentions pilots who have Use
(i) Calculate the distance travelled by an aircraft travelling at 360 m s–1 in 150 ms.
(ii) The large acceleration experienced during ejection may seriously injure the pilot.
Explain why such large accelerations are necessary.
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(c) Extract 5 refers to the use of rocket propulsion in modern ejector seats. When the
rockets fire, a large mass of extremely hot gas is expelled downwards at an extremely
high speed. Explain, in detail, how this causes the ejector seat to move upwards.
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(d) Extract 4 mentions one design of ejector seat, in which the aircraft floor is jettisoned and
the seat is ejected downwards through the gap.
(i) State why it is this type of ejector seat that is used in many helicopters.
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(ii) Explain the problems encountered when ejector seats of this design are to be used
at low altitude.
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(e) (i) A pilot of mass 80 kg is strapped into an ejector seat of mass 300 kg. The pilot For
ejects and an explosive cartridge exerts an 1800 N s impulse on the seat. The seat Examiner’s
and pilot accelerate upwards at rate of 10g. Use
Assuming that the force that the explosive cartridge exerts on the seat remains
constant as it is being fired, calculate the time for which the force is acting.
(ii) Fig. E3.3 in Extract 3 refers to a rocket with a burn time of 0.30 s. Explosive
cartridges, however, exert a force for a much shorter period of time.
Suggest one advantage of using this rocket to propel an ejector seat rather than an
explosive cartridge.
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(f) Since their introduction, ejector seats in military aircraft have saved the lives of several
thousand crew members. No commercial airliners, however, are fitted with ejector seats
for use by either the passengers or the crew. By considering
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© UCLES 2010 9792/02/M/J/10
19
For
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Use
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BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Extract 1 © Kevin Bonsor; How Ejection Seats Work – Physics of Ejecting; http://science.howstuffworks.com/ejection-seat3.htm.
Extract 2 © Kevin Coyne; Ejection Seat Propulsion and Stability ; http://www.ejectionsite.com.
Extract 3 © How Ejection Seats Work – Bailing Out; http://science.howstuffworks.com/ejection-seat3.htm.
Extract 4 © James Ferguson; http://everything2.com/title/ejection%2520seat.
Extract 5 © Kevin Coyne; Ejection Seat Propulsion and Stability ; http://www.ejectionsite.com.
Extract 6 © Kevin Coyne; Discussion of Airliner Ejection Seats; http://www.ejectionsite.com.
Extract 1 Photograph © An ejection seat is test-fired at NASA to analyze the seat’s ability to perform a zero-altitude, zero-velocity ejection; NASA.
Extract 3 Photograph © ACES II ejection seat; Goodrich Corporation.
Extract 3 Photograph © Parachutes opening on a Martin-Baker ejection seat during a test; NASA.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.