Ulo- A

1. Object-Oriented Programming is a programming language model organized around objects rather

2. NetBeans IDE is a free and open-source integrated development environment for application
development on Windows, Mac, Linux, and Solaris operating systems.

3. Java Programming is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It is used to develop

Java - was developed in 1995 by Oracle and used to build mobile apps, web applications, desktop
applications, games, database connections, etc.

4. Class is a template for object.

5. Object is an instance of a class.

6. Method is a collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation.

7. Inheritance is a mechanism in which one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of a parent
object.

8. Encapsulation is a mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code acting on the data (methods)
together as a single unit.

9. Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and showing only functionality to the
user.

10. Polymorphism is a concept by which we can perform a single action in different ways.

The static method can be accessed without creating an object of the class, unlike the public, which can
only be accessed by objects.

To call a static method, write the method’s name followed by two parentheses () and a semicolon and
to call a public method, create an object of the class, write the object name then a period, write the
method’s name followed by two parentheses () and a semicolon

Encapsulation – declares class variables/attributes as private and provides public get and set methods to
access and update the value of a private variable. It also makes sure that “sensitive” data is hidden from
the users.

• Get method returns the variable value

• The set method sets the value

• Syntax: starts with getting or set, followed by the name of the variable, with the first letter in upper
case.
Abstraction – hiding specific details and showing only important information to the user. It can be
achieved with abstract classes.

• 𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕 keyword is a non-access modifier, used for classes and methods. An abstract class is a
restricted class that cannot be used to create objects, and it can only be accessed by inheriting it from
another class. An abstract method can only be used in an abstract class, and it does not have a body
(inhered from subclass).

It is defined as instance of a class. ---- OBJECT

A type of programming paradigm of writing procedures or methods that perform data operations.

A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software
development.

One of the most popular programming languages in the world, open source and free, large community
support and object-oriented language that gives a simple structure to programs and codes.

A method which can be accessed without creating an object of the class.

What is the symbol for a single-comment line in Java?

A non-access modifier used for classes and methods.

True or False. Comments are not executed when the program runs.

True or False. Polymorphism hides specific details and shows only important information to the user.

True or False. Accessing and updating the private variable name would give us an error.
• Unified Modeling Language (UML)

- A general-purpose modeling language. The main objective of UML is to establish a consistent

Why do we need to use UML?

Applications that require collaboration from multiple departments require a clear and concise way of
communicating between them.
2.1.4 Use Case Notation

The use case is an eclipse with a name inside it. It can require more responsibilities.
2.2 Association --- It is a conceptual relation through which the system links various objects. The relation
between objects that constitute an operation is binary. It shows the relationship between objects, such
as a teacher, that can be linked to many students.

2.3 Aggregation ---- Aggregation is a weak association. An association is called aggregation, where it is
possible to exist separately for both objects. A teacher object and a student object, for instance. The
teacher involves many students, but without a student, there can be a teacher.

2.4 Composition ---- is the strong association form. An association is said to compose if an object owns a
different object, and a different object is unlikely without an object from the owner. Think of the
situation of people who have a heart. Here the object of man includes the heart, and without human
heart, it cannot exist.
2.5 Multiplicity

Multiplicity is a cardinality meaning-i.e, number of elements-of the element set by providing a non-
negative integer interval which specifies the permissible number of instances of the element defined.

Multiplicity interval has a lower bound and a (possibly infinite) upper bound:

multiplicity-range ::= [ lower-bound '..' ] upper-bound

lower-bound ::= natural-value-specification

upper-bound ::= natural-value-specification | '*'

What is the connection between UML and the Object-Oriented Program?

==== They connect the two in terms of design and analysis. By using elements and forms, they were
linked to form a diagram.

2.6 Structural Diagrams - Depict the static feature or function of the system and consist of the following:

2.6.1 Class Diagram – A building block of all object-oriented software systems. It also helps to
define the relationship between classes or objects and their respective attributes and methods

2.6.2 Component Diagram - used for modeling the system’s physical aspects. • Maybe you are
wondering what those physical aspects are? It is the elements that reside in a node such as files,
documents, etc.

2.7 Behavior Diagrams - Depict the dynamic feature or function of the system and consist of the
following:
2.7.1 Use Case Diagram – captures the dynamic aspect of a system when it is running/operating
and its interaction with external agents(actors).
1. It is represented by a straight line with an empty diamond at one end.

2. The associated objects cannot exist independently within the scope of the system.

3. Deleting one element in this type of relationship does not affect other associated elements.

4. In use case diagram, this type of node where situations occur when tasks that are not being carried out at the same
time must be combined.

5. It captures the dynamic aspect of a system when it is running/operating and its interaction with external
agents(actors).

6. A general-purpose modeling language.

7. A building block of all object-oriented software systems. It also helps to define the relationship between classes or
objects and their respective attributes and methods.

8. Depict the static feature or function of the system.

9. A flow chart that depicts the transition from one activity to another activity.

. A type of diagram that captures the dynamic aspect of a system when it is running/operating and its interaction with
external agents(actors)