Chandan Patra of class 12 successfully completed an electrolysis project on potassium iodide under the guidance of his chemistry mentor. During the electrolysis, iodine ions were oxidized at the anode to produce iodine gas, which gave the solution a violet color. Hydroxide ions were produced at the cathode, rendering the solution alkaline and giving it a pink color when tested with phenolphthalein indicator. The project demonstrated the oxidation and reduction reactions occurring during the electrolysis of potassium iodide solution.
Chandan Patra of class 12 successfully completed an electrolysis project on potassium iodide under the guidance of his chemistry mentor. During the electrolysis, iodine ions were oxidized at the anode to produce iodine gas, which gave the solution a violet color. Hydroxide ions were produced at the cathode, rendering the solution alkaline and giving it a pink color when tested with phenolphthalein indicator. The project demonstrated the oxidation and reduction reactions occurring during the electrolysis of potassium iodide solution.
Chandan Patra of class 12 successfully completed an electrolysis project on potassium iodide under the guidance of his chemistry mentor. During the electrolysis, iodine ions were oxidized at the anode to produce iodine gas, which gave the solution a violet color. Hydroxide ions were produced at the cathode, rendering the solution alkaline and giving it a pink color when tested with phenolphthalein indicator. The project demonstrated the oxidation and reduction reactions occurring during the electrolysis of potassium iodide solution.
Chandan Patra of class 12 successfully completed an electrolysis project on potassium iodide under the guidance of his chemistry mentor. During the electrolysis, iodine ions were oxidized at the anode to produce iodine gas, which gave the solution a violet color. Hydroxide ions were produced at the cathode, rendering the solution alkaline and giving it a pink color when tested with phenolphthalein indicator. The project demonstrated the oxidation and reduction reactions occurring during the electrolysis of potassium iodide solution.
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 10
CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT SESSI ON: ELECT ROLY S IS OF NAME: PO TA CHANDA SSIUM N PATRA IODID ROLL E NO.: 06 CLASS: XII-B ACKN OWLE o express my I would like t
DGEM sin cere gratit ude to my che mistry me ENT ntor Mr. L.N.Gupta, for her vital support, guidance and encouragement without which this project would not have come forth. CERTI FICA This is TE at CHANDAN t o certify PATRA ofth class XII-B has successfully completed his project in “To study the electrolysis of Potassium Iodide”, under my observation. CONTENTS
1) Basic Aim 2) Apparatus Used 3) Theory
Electrolysis Mechanism of electrolysis Quantitative aspects of electrolysis Faradays laws of electrolysis Products of electrolysis
4) Reactions Involved 5) Procedure 6) Observations 7) Precautions BASIC AIM: In this project our basic aim is to study the electrolysis of products of Potassium Iodide (KI).
APPARATUS USED: U-Tube stand , electrodes , KI solution , battery eliminator.
THEORY: Electrolysis It is defined as a process of decomposition of an electrolyte by the passage of electricity through its aqueous solution or molten (fused) state.
Mechanism Of Electrolysis Whenever an electrolyte is dissolved in water or is taken in the molten state, the electrolyte dissociates to produce Positively and Negatively charged ions. On passing electric current, the positively charged ions move towards the cathode and hence are called cations, whereas the negatively charged ions move towards the anode and hence are called anions. On reaching their respective electrodes, ions lose their charge and become neutral. The cations accept electrons from the cathode to become neutral species. Thus, oxidation occurs at the anode while reduction reduction takes place at the anode. The conversion of ions into neutral species at their respective electrodes is called Primary change. The product formed as a result of primary change may be collected as such or it may go under a Secondary change to form the final products.
Quantitative Aspects Of Electrolysis
Michael Faraday was the first scientist who described the quantitative aspects of electrolysis.
Faraday’s Laws Of Electrolysis
1. First Law: The amount of chemical reaction which occurs at any electrode during electrolysis by a current is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte (solution or melt).
2. Second Law : The amounts of different substances liberated by the same quantity of electricity passing through the electrolytic solution are proportional to their chemical equivalent weights (atomic mass of metal – number of electrons required to reduce the cation). Products Of Electrolysis – Products of electrolysis depend on the nature of material being and the type of electrodes being used .If the electrode is inert, it does not participate in the chemical reaction and acts only as source or sink for electrons. On the other
hand, if the electrode is reactive, it participates in the
electrode reaction. Thus, the products of electrolysis may be different for reactive and inert electrodes. The products of electrolysis depend on the different oxidizing and reducing species present in the electrolytic cell and their standard electrode potentials.
Moreover, some of the electrochemical processes although
feasible, are so slow kinetically that at lower voltages these do not seem to take place and extra potential (called overvoltage) has to be applied, which makes such processes more difficult to occur.
REACTIONS INVOLVED: In the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of KI, I ions are oxidized at the anode preferentially to water molecules. Possible reactions at anode are as follows:
2I--(aq) I2(g) +2e--.................(1)
2H2O(l) 4H+(aq)+O2+4e--.................(2)
Reaction (1) occurs in preference to reaction (2) due to
standard electrode potential value of the following reaction.
Eo value of reduction reaction (5) is much smaller than that of
reaction (6). Thus, reaction (6) occurs competitively over reaction (5) at cathode .Thus, violet colour of anode is due to formation of iodine and its subsequent reaction with starch Pink colour at cathode is due to formation of OH- ions which also render the solution alkaline. OH-ions give pink colour with phenolphthalein.
PROCEDURE : 1. Prepare 0.1M solution of potassium iodide. 2. Fix a U- shaped tube in a stand and insert two graphite electrodes into both ends of the U- tube through the corks. 3. Assemble the apparatus as shown in the figure. 4. Take about 30ml of 0.1M solution of potassium iodide in a 100ml beaker add five or six drops of phenolphthalein solution and five to six drops of freshly prepared starch solution. 5. Stir the solution and transfer it into an electrolysis – tube fitted with graphite electrodes. 6. Pass electric current through the electrolyte and observe the appearance of colour. 7. A pink colour appears at the cathode and a violet colour appears at the anode. Bubble formation also occurs on the surface of the cathode.
OBSERVATIONS: TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE SOLUTIONS S Aqueous solution At the anode, Free iodine is of potassium violet colour. At evolved. (i)OH- iodide with five the cathode: (i ) ion is formed drops of Pink colour (ii)Hydrogen is phenolphthalein (ii)Formation of evolved and five drops of bubbles starch solution.
PRECAUTIONS: 1) Both the electrodes should be loosely fixed into the U- tube so as to allow the escape of evolved gasses. 2) Electrodes should be cleaned before use. CONCLUSION: In the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of potassium iodide, I- ions are oxidized at the anode preferentially to water molecules. Violet colour at anode is due to iodine. Pink colour at cathode is due to formation of OH- ions which renders the solution alkaline. OH- ions give pink colour with phenolphthalein.
