Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
BIOLOGY 0610/61
Paper 6 Alternative to Practical October/November 2018
1 hour
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
DC (ST/SW) 150979/4
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
2
(a) Step 1 The students determined the volume of the grapes by placing 50 cm3 of distilled
water into a measuring cylinder.
Step 2 Four grapes were placed into the measuring cylinder and the total volume of the
distilled water and grapes was measured.
Fig. 1.1 shows the total volume of the distilled water and grapes in the measuring cylinder.
100
90
80
70
60
water
50
40
30
grapes
20
10
Fig. 1.1
Calculate the total volume of the four grapes using the information in Step 1 and Fig. 1.1.
(ii) Calculate the average volume of one grape using your answer to 1(a)(i).
Step 4 5.0 cm3 of a sugar solution (S) was added to test-tube S1.
Step 5 1.0 cm3 of solution S and 4.0 cm3 of distilled water were added to test-tube S2.
The contents of S2 were mixed.
Step 6 0.2 cm3 of solution S and 4.8 cm3 of distilled water were added to test-tube S3.
The contents of S3 were mixed.
Step 8 5.0 cm3 of the extracted grape juice was placed into a test-tube labelled G.
Step 9 5.0 cm3 of Benedict’s solution was added to each of test-tubes S1, S2, S3 and G.
Step 11 The time at which a colour change first appeared in each test-tube was recorded.
Trial 1
S1 S2 S3 G
Trial 2
S1 S2 S3 G
Fig. 1.2
[4]
(b) (i) The concentration of reducing sugar in solution S1 is 200 g per dm3.
The concentration of reducing sugar in solution S3 is 8 g per dm3.
Calculate the concentration of reducing sugar in solution S2, using the information in
step 5.
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(c) (i) State one variable that was kept constant in the reducing sugar investigation.
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(ii) The method used to estimate the concentration of reducing sugar in grapes contains
potential sources of error.
State one source of error and suggest an improvement to minimise the error.
error ...................................................................................................................................
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improvement .....................................................................................................................
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[2]
(iii) Identify one safety precaution that should be used when carrying out this investigation
and give a reason for this precaution.
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[2]
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(d) Grapes develop in large groups attached to their parent plant. As they develop, grapes
increase in size and ripen.
Fig. 1.3
A student suggested that the concentration of reducing sugars in grapes changed as the
grapes developed and ripened.
Describe how the method used in steps 3 to 12 could be modified to determine if there is a
change in the concentration of reducing sugars in grapes during development.
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(e) Some students placed eight grapes, that had been picked at different ages, into water. They
measured the change in the volume of the grapes after 24 hours.
Table 1.2
12 5.0 5.5 10
24 7.6 8.5 12
36 12.0 13.7 14
48 17.0 19.7 16
60 22.0 26.0 18
72 25.0 30.0 20
84 30.0 36.6
96 36.0 45.0 25
[2]
(ii) Plot a line graph on the grid of the age of the grapes against the percentage change in
volume.
[4]
(iii) Describe the trends shown by the results in Table 1.2 and your graph.
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(iv) State the variable that was changed (independent variable) in this investigation.
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[Total: 25]
alveolus
magnification ×1200
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) Measure the diameter of the capillary labelled A using the two lines drawn on the capillary
in Fig. 2.1. Include the unit.
diameter 1 ............................................
diameter 2 ............................................
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[2]
(ii) Calculate the actual average diameter of capillary A using your answer to 2(a)(i) and the
formula:
1 mm = 1000 μm
.......................................................... μm
[3]
(iii) Make a large drawing of three alveoli and one capillary, that are next to each other in
Fig. 2.1. Do not draw individual cells.
[4]
(b) Some students measured the average increase in chest circumference, during breathing,
when at rest. Each student wrapped a tape measure around their body just below the armpits,
as shown in Fig. 2.2.
Fig. 2.2
Each student then breathed out and took a measurement of their chest circumference.
They then breathed in and took a second measurement. The difference between the two
measurements is the increase in chest circumference.
Table 2.1
male female
40 32
31 37
48 25
28 38
46 27
33 30
39 22
41 38
25 27
39 34
average 37
(ii) Describe how the students could find out the effect of exercise intensity on chest
circumference during breathing.
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[Total: 15]
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