Cambridge IGCSE™

* 4 7 1 0 6 2 9 6 8 5 *

COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/42

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 24 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (ST/CT) 208074/3
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1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of parts of the alimentary canal and associated organs.

stomach

Fig. 1.1

(i) Identify the part labelled X on Fig. 1.1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State two functions of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Name the two types of digestion that occur in the alimentary canal.

.............................................................. and ................................................................ [1]

(b) Plants use photosynthesis to produce glucose.

(i) Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.

light
.......................................... + water glucose + ..........................................

..........................................
[2]

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(ii) Glucose is converted to a different carbohydrate for storage in the leaf.

This means a leaf can be tested with iodine solution to show that photosynthesis has
taken place.

Explain why iodine solution can be used to show photosynthesis has taken place.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Fig. 1.2 is a graph showing the effect of light intensity and temperature on the rate of
photosynthesis.

30 °C
rate of
photosynthesis 20 °C

light intensity

Fig. 1.2

Describe the patterns shown in Fig. 1.2.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 10]

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2 Carbon and oxygen are two elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table.

proton number
6 8
C O
carbon oxygen
nucleon (mass)
number
12 16
(a) Complete Table 2.1 to show the numbers of neutrons, protons and electrons in an atom of
carbon and in an atom of oxygen.

Table 2.1

number of neutrons number of protons number of electrons

carbon

oxygen

[2]

(b) Explain why carbon is in Group IV of the Periodic Table and why oxygen is in Group VI. Use
ideas about electron arrangement in your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(c) One carbon atom and two oxygen atoms combine together to make carbon dioxide.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show all outer shell electrons in a molecule of carbon
dioxide.

O C O

[2]

(d) The boiling point of carbon dioxide is –78.5 °C.

Identify the physical state of carbon dioxide at –77 °C.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere cause environmental problems.

Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a car moving forward along a level road before the road goes over a hill.

hill

level road level road

not to scale

Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.2 shows a speed–time graph of the journey shown in Fig. 3.1.

15

10
speed
m/s
5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
time / s

Fig. 3.2

(a) State the speed of the car when it is travelling on the level road after the hill.

speed = .................................................. m / s [1]

(b) Use Fig. 3.2 to calculate the acceleration of the car down the hill.

Give the units of your answer.

acceleration = ................................ units ............... [3]

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(c) Use Fig. 3.2 to calculate the distance travelled by the car between the start of the hill at
time = 3 s and the top of the hill at time = 4.5 s.

distance = ..................................................... m [2]

(d) Fig. 3.3 shows the horizontal forces acting on the car moving along a level road at constant
speed.

The driving force P is 500 N.

Q P

Fig. 3.3

(i) Name force Q.

...................................................................... [1]

(ii) State how the magnitude of force Q compares with the magnitude of force P.

Give a reason for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Calculate the work done by the driving force in moving the car a distance of 30 m.

work = ...................................................... J [2]

[Total: 11]

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4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows part of a forest food web.

fox

blackbird

ladybird hedgehog

aphid
slug

green plant

Fig. 4.1

(i) Use Fig. 4.1 to identify:

one producer .....................................................................................................................

one herbivore ....................................................................................................................

one tertiary consumer. .......................................................................................................

[3]

(ii) Define the term trophic level.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Use Fig. 4.1 to describe how energy from the green plant reaches the fox.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) Fig. 4.2 shows the percentage of gases in the atmosphere inside the forest.

carbon dioxide 0.04% other gases

oxygen

nitrogen 21%

78%

Fig. 4.2

Explain how cutting down and burning the forest would affect the concentration of carbon
dioxide in Fig. 4.2.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 9]

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5 Iron is extracted from hematite, an iron ore, in the blast furnace.

(a) Hematite contains Fe2O3.

Tick one box to show the name for Fe2O3.

iron oxide(II)

iron oxide(III)

iron(II) oxide

iron(III) oxide
[1]

(b) The three equations below show reactions that happen in the blast furnace.

Equation 1 C + O2 CO2

Equation 2 CO2 + C 2CO

Equation 3 Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

(i) State which equation shows combustion.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) One of the reactions produces a toxic gas.

State the name of this toxic gas.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Complete the sentences below.

The substance that is oxidised in Equation 1 is ................................... .

The substance that is reduced in Equation 2 is ................................... .

The substance that is oxidised in Equation 3 is ................................... , and the substance

that is reduced in Equation 3 is ................................... .

[3]

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(c) The metals listed can also be extracted from their ores.

aluminium
copper
magnesium
sodium
zinc

(i) Identify two metals from this list which can be extracted by heating their ores with carbon.

................................................................ and ............................................................. [2]

(ii) Identify a metal from this list that cannot be extracted by heating its ore with carbon.
Explain your answer.

metal ...................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) State the method used to extract the metal named in (ii) from its ore.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a gas cylinder. It is nearly empty.

Fig. 6.1

(i) Describe the arrangement, separation and motion of the molecules in the gas inside the
cylinder.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) More gas is put into the cylinder by a pump.

As the gas is pumped in, the pressure inside the cylinder increases.

Describe the change that takes place in the separation of the molecules.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) When gas is pumped into the cylinder, work is done on the gas pumped in. This increases
the kinetic energy of the molecules.

Predict another change this increase in kinetic energy causes to the gas in the cylinder.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) As the gas is pumped in, the pump emits a sound wave.

Fig. 6.2 shows a diagram of the sound wave.

Fig. 6.2

(i) Show clearly on Fig. 6.2 the amplitude of the sound wave. Label it A. [1]

(ii) The frequency of the sound wave is 400 Hz. Calculate the wavelength of the sound
wave.

Speed of sound in air = 330 m / s

wavelength = ..................................................... m [2]

(iii) A student hears the sound.

Describe how sound is transmitted through air from the pump to the student’s ears. You
may wish to draw a diagram as part of your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]

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7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a heart with coronary heart disease.

build-up of fat

artery

damaged heart muscle

Fig. 7.1

(i) Suggest why the build-up of fat in the coronary artery causes the heart to become
damaged.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) A high fat diet is one risk factor for coronary heart disease.

State two other risk factors for coronary heart disease.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) Arteries and capillaries have different functions.

Explain how arteries and capillaries are adapted to their functions.

arteries ......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

capillaries ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 8]

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8 Sodium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

A small piece of sodium is added to water containing Universal Indicator solution, as shown in
Fig. 8.1.

small piece of sodium

water containing Universal Indicator solution

Fig. 8.1

The experiment is repeated using lithium and then repeated using potassium.

(a) The temperature of the water increases during all three of these reactions.

Explain this observation.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(b) Some other observations for these reactions with water are shown in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1

metal observations
fast fizzing
sodium
Universal Indicator turns purple
slow fizzing
lithium
Universal Indicator turns purple
very fast fizzing

potassium lilac flame around the potassium

Universal Indicator turns purple

The general equation for the reaction between any Group I metal, M, and water is shown.

2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2

(i) Use this equation to explain why fizzing occurs in each reaction and why the Universal
Indicator turns purple.

fizzing occurs because ......................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Universal Indicator turns purple because ..........................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) State which metal, sodium, lithium or potassium, forms a positive ion most easily.

Explain your answer.

metal .................................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) Rubidium is another metal in Group I of the Periodic Table.

(i) Name the products formed when rubidium reacts with water.

................................................................ and ............................................................. [1]

(ii) State how the rate of the reaction of rubidium with water compares to the rate of reaction
of potassium with water.
Explain your answer.

rate of reaction is ...............................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................
[1]

[Total: 8]

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9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a street light. The street light has two identical lamps connected in series.

lamp

street light

electricity supply
cable

Fig. 9.1

(i) The street light has one switch to operate both lamps.

Complete the circuit diagram for the street light.

electricity supply

[2]

(ii) The filament in one of the two lamps breaks.

The other lamp in the street light also goes out.

Explain this observation.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) A different street light has three identical lamps connected in parallel.

(i) The current flowing in each lamp when lit is 0.4 A.

Calculate the current in the electricity supply cable for this street light.

current = ...................................................... A [1]

(ii) The voltage of the electricity supply is 220 V.

State the potential difference (p.d.) across each lamp.

p.d. = ...................................................... V [1]

(iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) to calculate the power used by each lamp.

power = ..................................................... W [2]

[Total: 7]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 0653/42/F/M/21

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2021
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
24

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0653/42/F/M/21
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).