Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9
English
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Soundness of Reasoning

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
 What I Need to Know
A lot of new things are emerging in our ever changing world. It is our responsibility
to discern what to follow and what to believe in. While we enjoy the changes the world has to
offer, we should still be grounded on the values that shaped our being. These will guide us in
our journey through life and our quest for a better future for ourselves and for others.
This module contains texts that will help you better understand the world you are in,
thus, guiding you to judge author’s reasoning as a basis in making life’s decision.

In charting the course of your journey in this module, you are expected to:
 Judge the relevance and worth of ideas, soundness of author’s reasoning, and
the effectiveness of the presentation (EN9RC-IVf-2.22)
 Analyze author’s soundness of reasoning as a means of understanding the
text presented.

What I Know
Activity 1: PRE-TEST
Directions: Read the sentences. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the
space provided for.

________ 1. “Philippines is an island country of Southeast Asia in the Western Pacific

Ocean.” What type of information is this?
A. Factual C. Subjective
B. Analytical D. Objective
________ 2. The following statements are factual information, EXCEPT:
A. The government seeks to act in the best interests of its citizens.
B. The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government.
C. The President can veto laws passed by Congress.
D. President Emilio Aguinaldo is the best president in history.
________ 3. Which of the following statements is a subjective information?
A. The Philippines is composed of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
B. The capital of the Philippines is located in Luzon.
C. The most beautiful beach is found in Mindanao.
D. Bohol is found in Visayas.
________ 4. “Davao should be the capital of the Philippines.” Why is this sentence an
example of a subjective information?
A. It is based on opinion. C. It is proven in research.
B. It is based on facts. D. It is based on evidence.
________ 5. Why do we need to analyze the type of information used by the author in giving

1
 reasons and evidence in his text?
A. To understand the purpose of the text C. To lay critical judgements
B. To give arguments D. To create a debate

What’s In

Activity 2: Determine Relevance

Directions: Read the statements below and answer the questions that follow.

Statement #1: A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below
the surface of the earth.
Statement #2: An erupting volcano can trigger tsunamis, flash floods, earthquakes, mudflows
and rock falls.
Statement #3: Plants that may be found on mountains include conifers, oak, and chestnut.
Statement #4: When pressure builds up, eruptions occur.
Statement #5: The danger area around a volcano covers about a 20-mile radius.

Which statement/s above is/are not related? Why do you say so?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What’s New
Activity 3: Observing the Text
Directions: Read the following selections, then answer the questions that follow.
(Reading Selection A) Obama: ‘There Were No Winners In This’ Government Shutdown

Hi everybody. This week, because Democrats and responsible Republicans came

together, the government was reopened, and the threat of default was removed from our
economy.
There’s been a lot of discussion lately of the politics of this shutdown. But the truth is,
there were no winners in this. At a time when our economy needs more growth and more
jobs, the manufactured crises of these last few weeks actually harmed jobs and growth. And
it’s understandable that your frustration with what goes on in Washington has never been
higher.
The way business is done in Washington has to change. Now that these clouds of
crisis and uncertainty have lifted, we need to2focus on what the majority of Americans sent us
here to do – grow the economy, create good jobs, strengthen the middle class, lay the
foundation for broad-based prosperity, and get our fiscal house in order for the long haul.
It won’t be easy. But we can make progress. Specifically, there are three places where
 First, we should sit down and pursue a balanced approach to a responsible budget,
one that grows our economy faster and shrinks our long-term deficits further. There is no
choice between growth and fiscal responsibility – we need both. So we’re making a serious
mistake if a budget doesn’t focus on what you’re focused on: creating more good jobs that
pay better wages. If we’re going to free up resources for the things that help us grow –
education, infrastructure, research – we should cut what we don’t need, and close corporate
tax loopholes that don’t help create jobs. This shouldn’t be as difficult as it has been in past
years. Remember, our deficits are shrinking – not growing.
Second, we should finish the job of fixing our broken immigration system. There’s
already a broad coalition across America that’s behind this effort, from business leaders to
faith leaders to law enforcement. It would grow our economy. It would secure our borders.
The Senate has already passed a bill with strong bipartisan support. Now the House should,
too. The majority of Americans thinks this is the right thing to do. It can and should get done
by the end of this year.
Third, we should pass a farm bill – one that America’s farmers and ranchers can
depend on, one that protects vulnerable children and adults in times of need, and one that
gives rural communities opportunities to grow and the longer-term certainty they deserve.
We won’t suddenly agree on everything now that the cloud of crisis has passed. But
we shouldn’t hold back on places where we do agree, just because we don’t think it’s good
politics, or just because the extremes in our parties don’t like compromise. I’ll look for
willing partners from either party to get important work done. There’s no good reason why
we can’t govern responsibly, without lurching from manufactured crisis to manufactured
crisis. Because that isn’t governing – it’s just hurting the people we were sent here to serve.
Those of us who have the privilege to serve this country have an obligation to do our
job the best we can. We come from different parties, but we’re Americans first. And our
obligations to you must compel all of us, Democrats and Republicans, to cooperate, and
compromise, and act in the best interests of this country we love.
Thanks everybody, and have a great weekend.

Source: A Journey through Anglo-American Literature Learner’s Materials pp. 528-529

(Reading Selection B) A Black woman’s crown should be celebrated

By Lydia Dillard (TSU)

A crown serves as part of an embraced identity. It is a badge of honor resting

effortlessly amongst the highest point. My crown happens to be thick, curly, and typically high
maintenance. It barely reaches my shoulders and poofs in the damp Houston weather. My
3
crown is of course my textured mane, which I had to develop to appreciate and embrace like
royalty. Black girls and women throughout the nation are learning the history behind their hair,
as they emulate hairstyles that showcase its stunning diversity.
market of hair vanity in the Black community. I began to chemically relax my hair shortly
after watching the movie. Personally, I was fascinated with the long straight strains that
gracefully draped.
My fingers swept effortlessly through my relaxed crown. It enticed attention from
other girls with crowns just alike. Young Black girls held their heads up high after a fresh do.
Pride directly complements a Black girl’s crown, especially after being plucked, burned and
teased. Though I enjoyed the stringy press, I forgot how my original curls laid after
submitting to straight hair for so long.
While in high school, I stopped straightening my hair and began my natural hair
journey. Now many other Black girls rock their natural crown with honor. As society
progresses, the standards for hair have changed. “I was told I’d never get a job on TV with
natural hair,” Winfrey said. She experimented with different hairstyles as she entered her
career. However, Winfrey describes herself as a rebel. “I’m at a point where I’m quite happy
with my look,” she said.
Though Winfrey has faced obstacles with her hair, she doesn’t let her hair or people’s
opinions define her. “It doesn’t necessarily represent anything in particular,” she said. “It’s an
extension of a piece of who I am.”
Overall, the rich history of Black hair tells a story that battled with fallen appreciation
but has now resurfaced as a true embrace. Whatever sits on top of a Black woman or man’s
head, should represent power and respect. A true crown has no template or standard, instead,
it directly illustrates the beauty of its possessor.
Source:https://www.click2houston.com/features/2021/02/03/personal-essay-a-black-womans-
crown-should-be-celebrated/

1. What is the first reading selection about?

_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. What ideas are presented in the second text?

_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4
 3. Are the details presented in first reading factual? What about the reading selection
B? What made you say so?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

What is it
Many readers are under the impression that when reading a text, all the ideas and
information presented are always correct. This impression is not always true. Informational
texts are based on the author’s ideas, beliefs, opinions or facts from reliable sources.
Authors present their ideas and support them with specific reasons and evidence to
convince the reader. Thus, a reader should evaluate the reasons and evidence before giving a
judgment.
The information used by an author in giving his/her reasons or evidence can be classified
according to:

1. Factual information are those that solely deal with facts. These are short, non-
explanatory, and rarely give in-depth background on a topic. These statements are
also those that can be verified or proven to be true or false.
Factual information resources are found in encyclopedias, almanacs,
government resources, or statistics.

Examples of Factual Information:

 The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein
power is equally divided among its three branches.
 Philippines is an island country of Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean.
 Eighty percent (80%) of the 3,866 respondents aged 13-24 years had experienced
some form of violence in their lifetime.

In the activity earlier, reading text A is an example of text that uses factual
information. In the address delivered by then US President Barack Obama, he
presented several issues to the American people. These issues are backed up with
reasons and evidence to convince his people.

2. Subjective content or information are those which come from only one point of
view. It involves judgment, feeling, opinion, intuition or emotion rather than
factual information. Opinions are useful to persuade, but careful readers and
listeners will notice and demand evidence to back them up.
Reading text B is an example of texts that uses subjective information.

5
 Subjective information resources are found in websites containing blogs or
vlogs, social media, non-scholarly books and journals or book reviews.

Examples of Subjective Information:

 “Beautiful Girls” was an entertaining show that should have never been canceled.
 Yellow is the best color among all the colors.
 Strawberries taste better than blueberries.

We need to analyze the type of information used by the author in giving reasons and
evidence in his text to understand the purpose of the text – to persuade, to inform or to
entertain.

What’s More

Activity 4: Validate Info

Directions: The statements below are taken from the two reading selections earlier. Identify
whether the statement in each item is a factual or subjective information then explain why.

Statements Type of Information Reason

1. A true crown has no
template or standard,
instead, it directly
illustrates the beauty of
its possessor.
2. First, we should sit
down and pursue a
balanced approach to a
responsible budget, that
grows our economy
faster and shrinks our
long-term deficits
further.
3. Those of us who have
privilege to serve this
country have an
obligation to do our job
the best we can.
4. My crown happens to
be thick, curly, and
typically high
maintenance.

6
 5. Second, we should
finish the job of fixing
our broken immigration
system. There is
already a broad
coalition across
America that is behind
this effort, from
business leaders to faith
leaders to law
enforcement. It would
grow our economy. It
would secure our
boarders.

Activity 5: Identifying Information in the Text

Directions: Read the texts below and answer the questions that follow.
Text A. Duterte overturns task force decision to allow 10 to 14-year-olds outside

“Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte re-imposed the stay-at-home rules for 10 to 14-
year-olds in the entire country, overturning a unanimous decision of his pandemic task force
to let the age group outside in hopes of spurring more economic activity. "Just to be sure, and
in our desire to protect our people, napilitan akong i-reimpose 'yung (I was forced to
reimpose) 10 to 14 [year-old]," he said on Monday night, January 25, after a meeting with
task force officials in Davao City.
The President said the rule would stay until "everybody is safe by the
bakuna (everybody is safe because of the vaccine)." It's fear of the new COVID-19 variant
observed in the United Kingdom that convinced Duterte to overturn his task force's move.”
Source: Duterte overturns task force decision to allow 10 to 14-year-olds outside, Rappler.com,
January 25, 2021 10:32 PM PHT.

1. Are the details in the text presented factual? If yes, what type of information are they?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the pieces of evidence in this claim?

___________________________________________________________________________

Text B. Red is My Power Color

by Ei Mee Lat

I always choose to wear dresses that are in color red. I feel like I am in-charge of
everything when I’m wearing them. Combining the red dress with a red lipstick’s on can
elevate my self-esteem. Using my black stiletto, makes a perfect combination because it can
also give accent to my beautiful red dress. 7
I believe that red is the most beautiful color among all the colors. It symbolizes
power. I suggest that people who are losing their self-esteem should wear outfits that are
red in color because it will make them feel confident.
3. What type of information is used in the text above?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you think the writer’s reasons are backed up with facts as evidence? Explain your
answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Compare and Contrast

Directions: Using the Venn Diagram, compare and contrast factual information and
subjective information based on what you have learned, then answer the question that follows.

A. Factual Information Subjective Information

8
 ______________________ _____________________
____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
______________________ _____________________
____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________

Similarities of Factual
and Subjective
Information

B. Why do we need to classify the information used by the author in giving reasons or
evidence?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

9
Activity 7: Writing an Essay
Directions: Assess your learning by writing a paragraph using factual information and
subjective information in giving reasons or evidence. You can choose the type of information
you will use in discussing your topic. Below are suggested topics that you can choose from.
You will be rated with the rubrics provided. You can use additional sheet of paper if needed.

Suggested topics:
 Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health
 A person that you admire the most
 A place where you would like to live your whole life
 The job you dream.
 Smartphone users in the Philippines
 Most used social media platform in the Philippines
 Other topics you want to write

CRITERIA 10 points 8 points 6 points

Information clearly Information clearly Information clearly
relates to the main relates to the main relates to the main
FOCUS/
topic. It includes 3 topic. It includes 1-2 topic. No factual
MAIN POINT
information and/or information and/or information and/or
reasons. reasons only. reasons are given.
Information is very Information is The information is
organized with well- organized, but not organized.
ORGANIZATION constructed paragraphs are not
paragraphs and well-constructed.
sentences.
The learner submits The learner submits The learner submits
the output following the output with 3-5 the output with 6 or
LANGUAGE
correct spelling, errors in spelling, more errors in
CONVENTION
punctuation, punctuation, spelling, punctuation,
capitalization, etc. capitalization, etc. capitalization, etc.
TOTAL
/30

10
________________________________
(TITLE)

11
 Assessment
Let us check how well you have mastered the lesson in this module.

Directions: Read each item below and write the letter of the correct answer.

_____1. Ana is tasked to write about “Percentage of Enrollment in the New Normal in
your school.” What type of information does she need?
A. factual C. ideal
B. subjective D. creative

_____2. Which of the following materials uses factual information as basis for
evidence
or reason in writing?
A. encyclopedias, almanacs, government resources, or statistics
B. vlogs, social media, non-scholarly books or book reviews
C. vlogs, almanacs, encyclopedias, social media
D. encyclopedias, almanacs, government resources, social media

_____3. Which among the following choices is an example of a statement based on

12
 factual information?
A. A student must top all his subjects in class.
B. A government should have a leader.
C. A teacher alone will teach values to the students.
D. A school principal provides financial support to all students.

_____4. Which among the following choices is an example of a statement that uses
subjective information?
A. Rodrigo R. Duterte is the current president of the Philippines.
B. Her friend Eimee Werble is the most beautiful lady in the
Philippines.
C. Manila is the capital of the Philippines.
D. Leonor Briones is the Secretary of the Department of Education.

For items 5-7, read the text below.

Official Statement on the Opening of Classes

“As per the memorandum, the President has given approval to the recommendation of
DepEd. Thus, we will implement such a decision to defer school opening to October 5 pursuant
to Republic Act No. 11480. We shall use the deferment to provide relief to the logistical
limitations faced by the areas placed under MECQ and to fill in the remaining gaps of the school
opening that we are currently addressing.”

Source: https://www.deped.gov.ph/2020/08/14/official-statement-on-the-opening-of-classes/

_____5. What type of information is used in the text?

A. factual C. analytical
B. subjective D. creative

_____6. In the text above, the word deferment refers to?

A. Closure C. Cancellation
B. Postponement D. Opening

_____7. Which of the following reasons discussed in the implementation of the

decision to defer school opening to October 5 is NOT included in the official
statement released by the DepEd?
A. To provide relief to the logistical limitations faced
B. To fill in the remaining gaps of the school
C. To comply pursuant to Republic Act No. 11480
D. To extend the schools BRIGADA program

Read the text below to answer items 8-9.

Facebook: A Waste of Time

Facebook is one of the most popular social media sites used daily by millions of people
13
around the world. The advancement of technology has great impact on Facebook letting its users
access the site anywhere, anytime and without limit. This situation has negative effects to its
users unknowingly.
First, Facebook users spend a lot of their precious time by doing unbeneficial activities
_____8. What type of information is used in the text?
A. Factual C. Analytical
B. Subjective D. Creative

_____9. Do you think the author’s reasoning is factual? Why or why not?
A. Yes, because the author stated reasons that are true in experience.
B. Yes, because there is an in-depth discussion to the claims.
C. No, because there are no research and statistics involved.
D. No, because there are pieces of evidence to the claims.

_____10. Why do we need to analyze the type of information used by the author in
giving reasons and evidence in the text?
A. To understand the purpose of the text
B. To lay critical judgments
C. To give arguments
D. To create a debate

Answer Key

14
15
References:
BOOK
Almonte, Liza R., Lerma L. Flandez, Nedia L. Agustan, Henone de Paz-Langutan, Dream Rose O.
Malayo, Liberty A. Mangaluz, Elenita R. Miranda, Lito A. Palomar, Adelia Chua-Soliaban, and Grace
Annette B. Soriano, A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature Learner’s Material, Pasig City:
Vibal Group, Inc., 2014, 528-529

ONLINE SOURCES
Arkansas State University. “Understanding Information and Information Sources”. Date Accessed
February 4, 2021,
https://libguides.astate.edu/information/types#:~:text=Factual%20information%20is%20information
%20that,%2C%20Almanacs%2C%20Government%20Resources%2C%20Statistics.

Ohio State University Libraries. 2- Types of Sources “Fact or Opinion.” Date Accessed, February 4,
2021, https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/choosingsources/chapter/fact-or-opinion/.

Lyda Dillard, 2021 Click2Houston.com, Dillard, February 3, 2021,

https://www.click2houston.com/features/2021/02/03/personal-essay-a-black-womans-crown-should-
be-celebrated/.

Department of Education. “Official Statement on the Opening of Classes.”. Accessed January 28,
2021. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2020/08/14/official-statement-on-the-opening-of-classes/.

DEVELOPMENT TEAM
10 multiple choice questions
Writers: Laurence F. Ferrer, Basilan National High
School
Omar A. Mualim, Basilan National High
School
Editor:
Language Editor:
Proofreader: Sayana S. Hasan, EPS
Illustrators:
Layout Artist: Marco David N. Codera
Management Team:
Julieto H. Fernandez, Ed. D., CESO VI
SDS-Isabela City
Maria Laarni T. Villanueva,
Ed. D., CESE
ASDS-Isabela
City
16
Henry R. Tura, CID Chief
Elsa A. Usman, LR Supervisor
 Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden Land
Here the trees and flowers Gallant men And Ladies fair Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos, Ilongos,
bloom Linger with love and care All of them are proud and true
Here the breezes gently Blow, Golden beams of sunrise and sunset Region IX our Eden Land
Here the birds sing Merrily, Are visions you’ll never forget
Region IX
The liberty forever Stays, Oh! That’s Region IX
Our..
Hardworking people Abound, Eden...
Here the Badjaos roam the seas Every valleys and Dale Land...

My Final Farewell
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!, And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best, Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost. From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.

On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight, Pray for all those that hapless have died,
Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed; For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white, For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight, For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need. And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain

I die just when I see the dawn break, And when the dark night wraps the graveyard around
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day; With only the dead in their vigil to see
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take, Break not my repose or the mystery profound
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake And perchance thou mayst hear a sad hymn resound
To dye with its crimson the waking ray. 'T is I, O my countr y, raising a song unto thee.

My dreams, when life first opened to me, And even my grave is remembered no more
My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high, Unmark'd by never a cross nor a stone
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn it o'er
From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free; That my ashes may carpet earthl y floor ,
No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye. Before into nothingness at last they are blown.

Dream of my life, my living and burning desire, Then will oblivion bring to me no care
All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight; As over thy vales and plains I sweep;
All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ; Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and air
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire; With col or and light, with song and lament I fare,

I Am a Filipino, by
17Carlos P. Romulo
I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The
uncertain future. As such I must prove equal to a two-fold task– East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance,
the task of meeting my responsibility to the past, and the task of was my mother, and my sire was the West that came thundering
performing my obligation to the future. across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of