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    Isotopos, Unidad de Masa Atómica y Masa Molar

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    Saraí Valencia
    This document discusses isotopes, atomic mass units (u.m.a.), and molar mass. It provides examples of calculating the total mass of different compounds based on the atomic masses of their elements. Specifically: 1) It defines isotopes and provides atomic number and mass for various elements. 2) It gives examples of calculating total mass (in u.m.a.) of compounds like CaCO3, NH3, and MgH2 based on atomic masses of their elements. 3) It provides practice problems calculating moles, molar mass, and Avogadro's number for substances like aluminum, silver, acetic anhydride, and hydrogen sulfide.

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    Isotopos, Unidad de Masa Atómica y Masa Molar

    Uploaded by

    Saraí Valencia
    25 views5 pages
    This document discusses isotopes, atomic mass units (u.m.a.), and molar mass. It provides examples of calculating the total mass of different compounds based on the atomic masses of their elements. Specifically: 1) It defines isotopes and provides atomic number and mass for various elements. 2) It gives examples of calculating total mass (in u.m.a.) of compounds like CaCO3, NH3, and MgH2 based on atomic masses of their elements. 3) It provides practice problems calculating moles, molar mass, and Avogadro's number for substances like aluminum, silver, acetic anhydride, and hydrogen sulfide.

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    ISOTOPOS, UNIDAD DE MASA ATÓMICA Y MASA MOLAR

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    This document discusses isotopes, atomic mass units (u.m.a.), and molar mass. It provides examples of calculating the total mass of different compounds based on the atomic masses of their elements. Specifically: 1) It defines isotopes and provides atomic number and mass for various elements. 2) It gives examples of calculating total mass (in u.m.a.) of compounds like CaCO3, NH3, and MgH2 based on atomic masses of their elements. 3) It provides practice problems calculating moles, molar mass, and Avogadro's number for substances like aluminum, silver, acetic anhydride, and hydrogen sulfide.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views5 pages

    Isotopos, Unidad de Masa Atómica y Masa Molar

    Uploaded by

    Saraí Valencia
    This document discusses isotopes, atomic mass units (u.m.a.), and molar mass. It provides examples of calculating the total mass of different compounds based on the atomic masses of their elements. Specifically: 1) It defines isotopes and provides atomic number and mass for various elements. 2) It gives examples of calculating total mass (in u.m.a.) of compounds like CaCO3, NH3, and MgH2 based on atomic masses of their elements. 3) It provides practice problems calculating moles, molar mass, and Avogadro's number for substances like aluminum, silver, acetic anhydride, and hydrogen sulfide.

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    CENTRO ESCOLAR CATÓLICO EMILIANI

    CIENCIA, SALUD Y MEDIO AMBIENTE OCTAVO GRADO 2021

    TEMA: ISOTOPOS, UNIDAD DE MASA ATÓMICA Y MASA MOLAR

    Parte I. isotopos.

    Nombre. Símbolo # N0 # e- # P+ Z A
    14
    14 – 6
    Carbono X= C 6 6 6 14
    6 8
    14
    14 – 7
    Nitrógeno X=N 7 7 7 14
    7 7
    35
    35 – 17
    Cloro Cl 17 17 17 35
    17 18
    40
    40 – 20
    Calcio 20 20 20 40
    X = Ca 20
    52 – 24
    Cromo Cr 24 24 24 52
    28
    63 – 29
    Cobre Cu 29 29 29 63
    34
    127
    127 – 53
    Yodo 53 53 53 127
    X=I 74
    24 - 12
    Magnesio X = Mg 12 12 12 24
    12
    65
    65 – 29
    Zinc X = Zn 29 29 29 65
    30 36
    81
    81 – 35
    Bromo 35 35 35 81
    Br 46
    27 – 13
    Aluminio X = Al 13 13 13 27
    14
    10 – 5
    Boro X=B 5 5 5 10
    5

    Parte II: u.m.a:

    CaCO3 NH3 MgH2 PbH4


    Ca = 1 x 4 = 40 N= 1 x 14 = 14 Mg = 1 x 24 = 24 Pb = 1 x 207 = 207
    C = 2 x 12 = 12
    O = 3 x 16 = 48 Hx1=3 H=2x1=2 H=4x1=4
    100 u.m.a 17 u.m.a 26 u.m.a 211 u.m.a
    PH3 HMnO4
    2SnH4
    6Fe2O3 H=1x1=1
    Sn = 2 x 119 = 238
    Fe = 12 x 56 = 672 P = 1 x 31 = 31 Mn = 1 x 55 = 55
    H=8x1=8
    O = 18 x 16 = 288 H=3x1=3 0 = 4 x 16= 64
    246 u.m.a
    960 u.m.a 34 u.m.a 120 u.m.a
    5AsH3 PbH2 H4P2O7
    Al2O3 H=4x1=4
    Al = 2 x 27 = 54 As = 5 x 75 = 375 Pb= 1 x 207 = 207 P = 2 x 31 = 62
    O = 3 x 16 = 48 H = 15 x 1 = 15 H=2x1=2 O = 7 x 16 = 112
    102 u.m.a 390 u.m.a 209 u.m.a 112 u.m.a
    C12H22O12 6NaH H2CO3
    SbH3
    C = 12 x 12 = 144 H=2x1=2
    Sb = 1 x 122 = 122
    H = 22 x 1 = 22 Na = 6 x 23 = 138 C = 1 x 12 = 12
    H=3x1=3
    O = 12 x 16 = 192 H=6x1=6 O = 3 x 16 = 48
    125 u.m.a
    358 u.m.a 144 u.m.a 62 u.m.a
    2Cu(ClO4)
    C2H5OH
    CH4 FeH3
    C = 1 x 12 = 12 Fe = 1 x 56 = 56 Cu = 2 x 64 = 128
    C = 2 x 12 = 24
    H=4x1=4 H=3x1=3 Cl = 2 x 35 = 70
    H=6x1=6
    16 u.m.a 59 u.m.a O = 8 x 16 = 128
    O 1 x 16 = 16
    326 u.m.a
    46 u.m.a

    Pb(NO3)2 6CdSO4
    SiH4 2AlH3
    Cd = 6 x 112 = 672
    Si = 1 x 28 = 28 Al = 2 x 27 = 54
    Pb = 1 x 207 = 207 S = 6 x 32 = 192
    H=4x1=4 H=6x1=6
    N = 2 x 14 = 28 O = 24 x 16 = 384
    32 u.m.a 60 u.m.a
    O = 6 x 16 = 96 1248 u.m.a
    331 u.m.a

    NaClO3 2LiH Pb(BrO4)2


    ZnH2
    Pb = 1 x 207 = 207
    Zn = 1 x 65 = 65
    Na = 1 x 23 = 23 Li = 2 x 7 = 14 Br = 2 x 80 = 160
    H=2x1=2
    Cl = 1 x 35 = 35 H = 2x 1 = 2 O = 8 x 16 = 128
    67 u.m.a
    O = 3 x 16 = 48 16 u.m.a 495 u.m.a
    106 u.m.a
    6KNO3 CuNO3
    4KH 2CuH
    K = 6 x 39 = 234 Cu = 1 x 64 = 64
    K = 4 x 30 = 156 Cu = 2 x 64 = 128
    N = 6 x 14 = 84 N = 1 x 14 = 14
    H=4x1=4 H=2x1=2
    O = 18 x 16 = 288 O = 3 x 16 = 48
    160 u.m.a 130 u.m.a
    606 u.m.a 126 u.m.a

    PARTE III: Ejercicios de Mol, Masa Molar (MM), y numero de Avogadro


    1. Calcule cuántos moles hay en 244 g de aluminio (Al). Considere la masa molar (MM) del
    aluminio como 27 g/mol. (Respuesta: 9,0 moles de Al)
    n=m÷ MM
    1mol
    n=244 g Al ×
    27 g
    n=9,0 moles

    2. Calcule la masa en gramos de un átomo de plata (Ag). (MM Ag = 107,87 g/mol). (Respuesta:
    1,79 ∙ 10‐22 g de Ag).
    MM
    m=
    Na

    m=108 g ÷ 6.022 x 1 023 moleculas


    −22
    m=1,79 ×10 g

    3. El anhídrido acético C4H6O3 tiene una masa molar (MM) de 102,1 g/mol. Calcule: a) Cuántos
    moles hay en 500 g de este compuesto. b) El número de átomos de hidrógeno (H)
    a)
    n=m÷ MM

    102,1 g
    n=500 g ÷
    1 mol
    n=4.9 moles

    b) H?
    23
    6.022× 10 moleculas
    4.9 moles ×
    1 mol

    C 4 H 6 O3 =2.95× 1024 moleculas


    6 atm . H
    H=2.95× 1024 moleculas× =¿ ¿
    1 molecula

    25
    H=1.77 × 10 atm. H

    4. De la sustancia H2S:
    a) ¿Cuántos gramos de H2S hay en 4 moles?
    Ma de H 2 S=34 g=34 g /mol

    34 g /mol × cantidad de moles=34 g /mol × 4 mol=136 g

    b) ¿Cuántos moles de átomos de hidrógeno y azufre?

    24
    H 2 S=4.817× 10 átomos de H
    1mol
    4.817 × 1024 átomos de H × 23
    =7.999 moles de átomos de H
    6.022× 10

    24
    H 2 S=2.408 ×10 átomos de S

    24 1 mol
    2.408 ×10 átomos de S × =3.998 moles de átomos de S
    6.022 ×10 23

    c) ¿Cuántos gramos de hidrógeno y de azufre?


    1g
    7.999 moles de átomos de H × =7.999 gH
    1 molAtmH
    32 g
    3.998 moles de átomos de S × =127.936 gS
    1 molAtmS

    d) ¿Cuántos átomos de hidrógeno y de azufre?

    Masamoler de H 2 S=34 g/mol


    136 g H 2 S=4 moles H 2 S
    23
    6.022 ×10 moleculas H 2 S 24
    4 moles H 2 S × =2.408 ×10 moleculas H 2 S
    1 mol

    24 2 atmH 24
    2.408 ×10 moleculas H 2 S × =4.817 ×10 átomos de H
    1 molecula H 2 S

    24 1 atm S 24
    2.408 ×10 moleculas H 2 S × =2.108× 10 átomos de S
    1 molecula H 2 S

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