1918-Article Text-3703-1-10-20220924
1918-Article Text-3703-1-10-20220924
1918-Article Text-3703-1-10-20220924
Authors’ contributions
This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author MSM drafted the article. Authors
NBN, ZA, TAB, AN, RHK, PS, WR and LS, made a substantial contribution to the concept and design
of the article. Authors SF, TAA, TP, and UR managed the literature searches. All authors read and
approved the final manuscript.
Article Information
DOI: 10.9734/JEAI/2022/v44i330808
ABSTRACT
Integrated Farming System is a holistic approach in which different enterprises are utilized in a
collaborative way, wherein the resources are managed efficiently so that waste output of one
enterprise serves as the input for another. Due to an ever-increasing population, the arable land is
becoming increasingly scarcer per person, leaving little room for horizontal agricultural expansion.
There are 115 million working farms in India, with about 80% of them being small or marginal
farmers. With Integrated Farming System, the living standards of these farmers can be enhanced
by efficient utilization of different enterprises. The IFS is actually a mixed farming system wherein
different enterprises like dairy, fish, poultry, and other beneficial enterprises give an enhanced
returns with lower risks, which can intermediate the losses of crops in case of severe climatic
conditions. Under IFS, various enterprises having lower dependency on severe weather
circumstances, the farmer is comparatively on safer side as far as the adversities of crop losses
are concerned There are many advantages to integrated farming systems (IFS), such as a more
efficient use of farm resources and an eco-friendlier strategy to farming. As a system of crop and
livestock farming, IFS consists of at least two distinct but logically interdependent parts. Water
efficiency, weed and pest control, and soil health can all be improved with IFS. It also helps to
maintain water quality. Chemical fertilisers, weed killers, and pesticides should be used sparingly in
an integrated farming system in order to protect the environment from their harmful effects.
Adopting an Integrated Farming System (IFS) ensures a stable and long-term source of farm
income by integrating a number of businesses to make the most of the land's natural resources.
IFS itself is important for sustainable development of farmer by improving yield, economic return,
employment generation, nutritional security and livelihood.
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In order to maintain a steady and stable economic opportunities for rural people by
income, all component enterprises must be reducing waste from different farming sub
maximised in terms of their yields.
systems. It is a concept that encompasses the
Renewed/improved system productivity to
economic, ecologic, and social aspects of
attain agro-ecological balance.
farming, as well as ensuring the long-term
The management of natural cropping
viability of productive farming landscapes [12].
systems can be used to regulate the build-
up of insect-pests, pathogens, and weed Using a wide range of insights and farming
populations. models, an integrated farming approach aims to
Environmentally-friendly, pollution-free grow more food (for profit) while also delivering
food and produce can be produced without environmental and social benefits [13,14]. To put
the use of harmful agro-chemicals and it another way, the integrated mixed farming
pesticides if they are used less frequently. system (IFS) was defined by Bahire [15] as a
practise of raising a variety of independent but
1.8 Principles of FSR: interdependent enterprises.
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family is at the heart of the system [19]. Growing IFS and other high-yielding techniques, to help
farm productivity through diversification, resource them feed themselves and their families.
integration, and access to markets, as noted by According to Patel [26], the most advantageous
Rathore [8] is also beneficial to a sustainable system for increasing the income of small and
life. marginal farmers with secured livelihood and
nutritional security is an integrated farming
3.2 IFS to Improve Sustainable system with cropping system and other
Development subsidiary livestock, boundary plantation,
seasonable vegetables, horticultural crops,
Farmers in dry and semi-arid areas are vermin compost and farm pond. Using integrated
particularly concerned about farming's declining livestock-fish systems to dispose of manure from
profitability. The IFS has a lot of potential for feed lot-type animal husbandry farms is expected
increasing profitability by lowering production to gain traction in India with the proliferation of
costs and/or increasing productivity through the such ventures, according to Khan [25]. Animal
use of long-term management practises. When husbandry and fish farming will probably be
waste from one company is recycled and used developed on a large scale in India, where small-
as input by another, the IFS can reduce scale rural fish farming already exists. The
production costs [20,21]. It can also reduce the addition of organic residues such as animal and
number of external inputs required [17,22]. plant wastes, according to Kumar [27], improves
Agriculture is based on the idea of improving soil health and productivity over the long term
people's ability to manage change by developing while posing fewer environmental risks and
their capacity to learn, how to learn, enhance increasing the profit margin. This system enables
problematic situations as well as communicate a long-term, profitable (3–6 fold) and highly
effectively, according to Meena [23]. Logical and agriculturally productive production system.
systematic thinking as well as instinctive, Approximately 90–95 % of dietary needs are met
inventive activity are encouraged in this method, through resource recycling, which lowers the cost
which is based on experiential learning and the of production while increasing profit margins and
scientific method. Research into integrated the number of people employed in the
systems takes into account the farm's various agricultural industry. Consequently, the IFS
enterprises and resources, as well as the farm's approach is enticing and will preserve the
cropping systems, in order to develop integrated resource base through effective recycling of
farming systems that are sustainable. Due to residues and wastes inside the system, which is
climate change, yields in some regions are essential for food and nutritional security.
expected to rise and reduce in other areas,
depending on the area's latitude as well as 3.4 IFS for Employment Generation
irrigation application. IFS focuses on agriculture's
sustainability [24]. In order to increase Farmers saw an increase in gross revenue, net
agricultural productivity, manure from farm revenue, and the number of man days in a year
animals must be used to increase nutrients which because of the methods used by various farming
enhance fertility of the soil and reduce the use of systems. Murshed and Pems [28] and
synthetic fertilizers, whereas crop residues can Sachinkumar [29] found similar results. Patel [26]
be fed to livestock [6]. It is possible for farm predicted that Integrated Farming System would
youth to make a regular income through IFS as a generate more jobs than a traditional farming
micro-business. A single component or a single system, according to their research. Initial
crop-based business can lead to market research under the IFS approach advocated
fluctuations, so IFS minimises the incidence of productivity gains of 30–50% and more
failure. Lowering production costs per square than doubles the number of jobs than
foot by recycling farm residues is another arable farming, depending on the number and
advantage of IFS [25]. type of enterprises and their maintenance.
Higher level of complementarity is achieved by
integrating in such a way that the output of one
3.3 IFS to Improve Nutritional Food
company can be used as the input for another.
Security For small and marginal farmers, IFS is the best
option. Not only does it help farm families be
Since agriculture and the farmers who rely upon healthier and wealthier, but it also creates more
it have fallen into such disrepair, the people of jobs and makes better use of farm resources
the region need new farming methods, such as [30].
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