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    Types of Permanent Magnet

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    Leslie Ganda
    The document discusses 4 common types of permanent magnets: 1. Neodymium magnets are the strongest and contain neodymium, iron, and boron. They have high resistance to demagnetization but lower maximum operating temperatures. 2. Samarium cobalt magnets contain samarium and cobalt. They maintain magnetic stability at higher temperatures than neodymium magnets. 3. Alnico magnets contain aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. They offer exceptional stability at extremely high operating temperatures. 4. Ferrite magnets contain iron and iron oxide or strontium carbonate. They are much weaker but have more economical production costs.

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    Types of Permanent Magnet

    Uploaded by

    Leslie Ganda
    18 views2 pages
    The document discusses 4 common types of permanent magnets: 1. Neodymium magnets are the strongest and contain neodymium, iron, and boron. They have high resistance to demagnetization but lower maximum operating temperatures. 2. Samarium cobalt magnets contain samarium and cobalt. They maintain magnetic stability at higher temperatures than neodymium magnets. 3. Alnico magnets contain aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. They offer exceptional stability at extremely high operating temperatures. 4. Ferrite magnets contain iron and iron oxide or strontium carbonate. They are much weaker but have more economical production costs.

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    The document discusses 4 common types of permanent magnets: 1. Neodymium magnets are the strongest and contain neodymium, iron, and boron. They have high resistance to demagnetization but lower maximum operating temperatures. 2. Samarium cobalt magnets contain samarium and cobalt. They maintain magnetic stability at higher temperatures than neodymium magnets. 3. Alnico magnets contain aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. They offer exceptional stability at extremely high operating temperatures. 4. Ferrite magnets contain iron and iron oxide or strontium carbonate. They are much weaker but have more economical production costs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    18 views2 pages

    Types of Permanent Magnet

    Uploaded by

    Leslie Ganda
    The document discusses 4 common types of permanent magnets: 1. Neodymium magnets are the strongest and contain neodymium, iron, and boron. They have high resistance to demagnetization but lower maximum operating temperatures. 2. Samarium cobalt magnets contain samarium and cobalt. They maintain magnetic stability at higher temperatures than neodymium magnets. 3. Alnico magnets contain aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. They offer exceptional stability at extremely high operating temperatures. 4. Ferrite magnets contain iron and iron oxide or strontium carbonate. They are much weaker but have more economical production costs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    4 Common Types of Permanent Magnets

    Below are four of the most common types of permanent magnets:

    1. Neodymium

    Neodymium magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets. They are typically
    alloys of the elements neodymium, iron, and boron. They may also contain traces of
    praseodymium and dysprosium. General Motors and Sumitomo Metal Industries
    developed these magnets in the 1980s, and because of their tremendous strength, they
    are still widely in use.

    Neodymium itself is a rare-earth metal in the lanthanide series. It is a hard but


    somewhat malleable silver metal in its pure form. It is relatively abundant in the earth’s
    crust.

    Together, neodymium and other metals make an alloy known as Nd2Fe14B, which is
    the strongest magnetic material in the world. It is prevalent in many types of commercial
    and industrial equipment requiring tough, durable parts. For instance, neodymium
    magnets are often the magnets of choice for electric vehicle motor designs. 

    Neodymium magnets are beneficial in applications that require extreme resistance to


    demagnetization, though they tend to have low maximum operating temperatures
    compared to other magnets. 

    2. Samarium Cobalt

    A samarium cobalt magnet is a type of rare-earth magnet — samarium is a rare-earth


    metal. In its elemental form, samarium is a shiny, silvery metal with about the hardness
    and density of zinc. Cobalt is a harder metal that occurs naturally only in a chemically
    combined form. Samarium cobalt magnets combine the two elements, samarium, and
    cobalt.

    The U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory developed samarium cobalt magnets in the
    1970s. Until the development of neodymium magnets, samarium cobalt magnets were
    the strongest in the world — three times stronger than any magnetic materials known at
    the time. 

    Today, samarium cobalt magnets are available in two grades with extremely high
    magnetic strength. Although they are not as strong as neodymium, they can maintain
    their magnetic stability even at relatively high temperatures. The cobalt in them makes
    them rather expensive to manufacture, however. 

    3. Alnico
    “Alnico” is an amalgam of the words aluminum, nickel, and cobalt, the three main
    components of these magnets. Alnico magnets also often contain traces of other metals
    that can enhance specific characteristics. 

    Alnico magnets have been in use for about 100 years. They were some of the first
    permanent magnets to be developed, and because of their relative strength and
    stability, they are still widely used today. 

    Alnico magnets are not as strong as samarium cobalt or neodymium magnets.


    Nevertheless, they offer exceptional magnetic stability even at extremely high operating
    temperatures — higher than any other type of permanent magnet. They are relatively
    susceptible to demagnetization, however.

    4. Ferrite

    Ferrite magnets contain iron. Some have pure iron, and others consist of iron mixed
    with barium and iron oxide or strontium carbonate. 

    Ferrite magnets are much weaker than neodymium or samarium cobalt magnets.
    However, their much more economical production costs often offset this disadvantage.
    Worldwide, ferrite magnets are the most commonly used magnets in applications where
    exceptionally high magnetic performance is not a necessity. Their sales represented an
    international market value of $5.58 billion as of 2020.

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