XM^]MJQG
 XM^]MJQG NEXXM
NEXXMNVGCMLV
NVGCMLVM
M JE^ ^IK
^IK]IMLVM^
]IMLVM^ T
TXEHJMCG
XEHJMCG^ 
^ 

7. Mj vgper
vgper fm gkug
gkug qum mltrg
mltrg g ulg turhi
turhilg
lg fm ul ninje
ninje fm Xglbi
Xglbilm
lm sm mlnumlt
mlnumltrg rg g 64 hgrms
hgrms 664 ´ N, sm
mxpglfm ml jg turhilg `gstg ; hgrms, pestmriercmltm
pestmriercmltm sm rmngjimltm `gstg 664 ´ N y ailgjcmltm sm mxpglfm
`gstg 4.40 hgrms. Fmtmrcilm? g) jg ngjifgf g jg sgjifg fm jg turhilg, y h) jg mainimlnig tércing.

 Fgtes
 T> 3 64 hgrms
V > 3 664 ´ N 
 T6  3 ;hgrms
V 6 3 664 ´ N 
 T= 3 4.40 hgrms
V = 3 664 ´ N 
 T1 3 4.40 hgrms
g µ  P 
P 1  3 5
h) λV 35  

 ^ejuniþl. Tml
Tmlsmc
smces
es qum mj figkrgc
figkrgcgg V „ ^ fmj nin
ninje
je ms qum sm cumstrg
cumstrg ml jg aik. Mj ninje Xglbilm
Xglbilm nel
rmngjmltgcimlte mstç aercgfe per jes sikuimltms prenmses? ml mj mstgfe ilinigj 7, mj ajuife fm trghgoe ms
jãquife sgturgfe y utijizglfe ulg hechg sm jm ilnrmcmltg jg prmsiþl y sm gjnglzg mj mstgfe 8, qum ms jg
mltrgfg gj kmlmrgfer fm vgper. Ml éstm sm jm sucilistrg ngjer per pricmrg vmz `gstg mj mstgfe >, qum
nerrmspelfm g vgper sehrmngjmltgfe. @gy ul pricmr prenmse fm mxpglsiþl ml jg mtgpg fm gjtg prmsiþl fm jg

turhilg, > „ 6, fmj nugj sgjm mj vgper y sm rmngjimltg g prmsiþl nelstgltm, prenmse 6 „ =. ^m vumjvm g iltrefunir 
g jg smkulfg mtgpg fm jg turhilg fm hgog prmsiþl `gstg gjnglzgr mj mstgfe 1. Mj trghgoe sm prefunm ml jgs fes
mtgpgs fm jg turhilg. Ailgjcmltm mj prenmse fm nelfmlsgniþl fmj ajuife ms fm 1 „ 7, mstm ms g prmsiþl
nelstgltm.

 Ilinimces mj glçjisis ml jg mltrgfg fm jg turhilg, nel jes fgtes fm prmsiþl y tmcpmrgturg ml > y fm tghjgs fm
vgper fm gkug?
 p>3 64  y
¯ V >3 664 ´ 
 bO    bO 
∶ `>3>>4;  2 ^ >31.946
bk bk B 

Mj prenmse > „ 6 sm jjmvg g nghe ml jg turhilg fm gjtg prmsiþl, jg nugj sm nelsifmrg ismltrþping per je tglte?
 

^>3 ^ 6

Nel jg prmsiþl fm ; hgr, nerrmspelfimltm gj mstgfe 6, sm mlnumltrg ml jjgg tghjg fm vgper fm gkug?

 bO 
V 63846 ´ y `6 3 80=6
bk

 Tgrg mj mstgfe = sm nelenm tglte jg prmsiþl nece jg tmcpmrgturg per nelsikuimltm?

bO    bO 
`= 3>>=>   y ^ =3;.;=;
bk bk B 

 Mj pulte = ms jg mltrgfg g jg turhilg fm hgog prmsiþl, ml éstg mj prenmse ms ismltrepine, gsã?

^=3 ^ 1

Nel mj vgjer fm prmsiþl ailgj fm 4,40 hgrms sm mlnumltrg ml tghjgs qum mj ajuife ms ulg cmznjg fm jãquife y
vgper per je qum?
  bO    bO 
^a 34.=9>  2 ^ k3;.1>1
bk B  bk B 

g)  Ter je tglte jg ngjifgf g jg sgjifg fm jg tturhilg

urhilg ms?

  bO    bO 
;.1>1  ∘ 4.=9>
^ k∘ ^ a  bk B  bk B 
 P 1 3 3 3 4.988 398.8
98.8 %
^k   bO 
;.1>1
bk B 

 Jg mltgjpig nerrmspelfimltm g mstm mstgfe ms fm?

 bO 
`1 38680
bk

 Tgrg mj mstgfe ilinigj 7, jg mltgjpig fm jãquife sgturgfe g mstg ciscg prmsiþl ms?

`7 37;6 bO 
bk

 Mj trghgoe qum rmgjizg jg hechg sehrm mj ajuife ms?

>
7 nc
∁ [ h3 v ( p8 ∘ p 7 )3 ( 64∘ 4.40 ) ¯µ̄µ
kr
>
bTg ∘ c  bO 
∁ [ h3 6.4>   36
bk bk

 Jg mltgjpig gj ailgj fmj prenmse fm hechme ms?

∁ [ h3` 8∘`7 ∶ `8 3∁ [ h + `7

 

 bO   bO   bO 

`8 3∁ [ h + `736 + 7;6 37;0
bk bk bk

h)  Jg mainimlnig tércing fmj ninje ms?

∁ [ V ∘∁ [ h ( ` ∘`  ) +( ` ∘` ) ∘∁ [ h

> 6 = 1
λ3 3
∁ q∗ . ( ` ∘` ) + ( ` ∘ ` )
> 8 = 6

λV 3
( >>4;
 bO 
bk
∘80=6
 bO 
bk
+
)( >>=>
 bO 
bk
∘ 8680
bO 
bk )
∘6
 bO 
bk

( >>4;
 bO 
bk
∘7;0
)(
 bO 
bk
+ >>=>
 bO 
bk
∘80=6
 bO 
bk )
 bO 
7>;6
bk
λV 3 34.>;0; 3 >;.9
>;.9 %
bO 
>180
bk

8. Ml ul ninj
ninje
e Xglbilm
Xglbilm fm 84 C[ fm pet petmlni
mlnigg sm kmlmrg
kmlmrg vgper g 764 h grms  y =14´  , pestmriercmltm `gy
hgrms
ul rmngjmltgcimlte g 7= hgrms y =64 ´  y  y sm nelfmlsg mj vgper g 4.41 hgrms. Fmtmrcilm?
g) Mj ngjer sucilistrgfe2
sucilistrgfe2 h) jg mainimlnig tércing2 n) mj kgste cçsine fmj vgper, y f) mj kgste cçsine fmj 
gkug
gku g fm mla
mlarig
rigci
cimlt
mlte
e rmq
rmqumr
umrife
ife ml mj nelfml
nelfmlsgf
sgfer
er si mj gku
gkugg mxp
mxpmri
mricm
cmltg
ltg ulg mjmvgn
mjmvgniþl
iþl fm
tmcpmrgturg fm 74 ´ 

 Fgtes
Ninje Xglbilm
 p= 3 7= hgrms
V = 3 =64 ´ 
 p> 3 764 hgrms
V > 3 =14 ´ 
 p13 p 7 3 4.41 hgrms
[ ˙  3 84C[ 
g) ∁ q ∗ .35
h µ λ 35
n µ  ċ
˙ 35
c
c˙  @  Emla . 35 s i ∁ V  374 ´ 
f µ  ċ 8
 

 ^ejuniþl. Mj ninje Xglbilm nel rmngjmltgcimlte mstç aercgfe per jes sikuimltms prenmses? ml mj mstgfe ilinigj 
7 mj ajuife fm trghgoe ms jãquife sgturgfe y gj utijizgr ulg hechg sm jm ilnrmcmltg jg prmsiþl `gstg gjnglzgr 
mj mstgfe 8, qum ms jg mltrgfg
mltrgfg g jg ngjfmrg qum kmlmrg
kmlmrg mj vgper. Ml éstm sm jm sucilistrg ngjer ilinigjcmltm
`gstg mj mstgfe >, qum nerrmspelfm g vgper sehrmngjmltgfe. @gy ul pricmr prenmse fm mxpglsiþl, jg mtgpg fm
gjtg prmsiþl fm jg turhilg, prenmse > „ 72 sm sgng mj vgper y sm rmngjimltg g prmsiþl nelstgltm, prenmse 6 „ =.
^m vumjvm g iltrefunir g jg mtgpg fm hgog prmsiþl fm jg turhilg, `gstg gjnglzgr mj mstgfe 1. Ailgjcmltm mj 
 prenmse fm nelfmlsgniþl fmj ajuife ms mj 1 „ 7, pgrg jekrgrje sm lmnmsitg utijizgr ul ngchigfer fm ngjer e
nelfmlsgfer, mstm prenmse ms g prmsiþl nelstgltm. Mj figkrgcg V „ s fmj ninje fm Xglbilm sm cumstrg ml jg
 aikurg.
 

 Mj glçjisis fmj prehjmcg, ilinig

ili nig g pgrtir fmj mstgfe >, qum jm nerrmspelfm g jg mltrgfg fm jg
j g turhilg fm gjtg
 prmsiþl. Nel fgtes fm prmsiþl y tmcpmrgturg sm fmtmrcilg fm tghjgs jes vgjerms fm?

 bO    bO 
`> 3>601 2 ^> 31.=96
bk bk B 

 Ml jg turhilg mj prenmse ms ismltrepine, ms fmnir, fm mltrepãg nelstgltm, fm tgj cglmrg qum?

^>3 ^ 6
^m nelenm jg prmsiþl fm mstm mstgfe, qum ms fm 7= hgrms, mltelnms?

 bO 
` 63801=  2 V  3881 ´ 
bk 6

 Ml mj prenmse 6 „ =  sm rmngjimltg mj vgper pgrg Éstm tgchiél ms ikugj g ilkrmsgr g`erg g jg turhilg fm hgog
 prmsiþl. Mj mstgfe = sm ehtimlm nel jg tmcpmrgturg y jg prmsiþl prepernielgfgs, mste ms?

bO    bO 
`= 3>=17  2 ^=3 ;.104=
bk bk B 

 Jg turhilg ms ismltrþping  y  sm nelenm su prmsiþl ailgj fm trghgoe fm  p13 p 73µ 4.41 hgrms,
hgrms, fm tghjgs sm
timlm qum?
  bO    bO 
^a 34.=87  2 ^ k30.>>
bk B  bk B 

 Ter tglte, jg ngjifgf fmj vgper ml mstm mstgfe ms fm?

  bO    bO    bO 

;.104= ∘4.=87 ;.7=9=
^ ∘ ^ a  bk B  bk B  bk B 
 x 13 = 3 3 34.9710 397
97.;
.; %
^ k ∘^ a    bO    bO    bO 
0.>> ∘4.=87 ;.049
bk B  bk B  bk B 

 Mj vgjer fm jg mltgjpig nerrmspelfimltm ms?

 bO 
`1 38>1;
bk

 Tgrg mj pulte ilinigj 7, qum ms jãquife sgturgfe, jg mltgjpig ms fm?

 bO 
`7 37=8
bk

 Mj trghgoe qum rmgjizg jg hechg sehrm mj ajuife sm mxprmsg per?

>
7 nc
∁ [ h3 v ( p8 ∘ p 7 )3  µ
kr
 

>
 bTg ∘c bO 
∁ [ h376.7>>9   376.7>>9
bk bk

Vgchiél ms ikugj g?
∁ [ h3` 8∘`7 ∶ `8 3∁ [ h + `7

bO  bO  bO 

`8 3∁ [ h + `7376.7>>9 + 7=8 3711.7>>9
bk bk bk
g) Mj ng
ngjer
jer sm ssucil
ucilistrg
istrg ml mj nninje
inje ml
ml fes prenms
prenmses,
es, ml mj
mj fm 8 „ > y 6 „ = gs
gsã?
ã?

∁ q∗ .3( `>∘ `8 )+ ( `=∘ `6 ) 3 ( >601

bO 
bk
∘711.7>>9
 bO 
bk
+
)( >=17
bO 
bk
∘801=
 bO 
bk )
 bO   bO   bO 
∁ q∗ .3>>79.0; + 191 3 647=.0;
bk bk bk

h) Jg mmain
ainiml
imlnig
nig térc
tércing
ing fmj
fmj ninj
ninje
e ms
ms??

∁ [ V ∘ ∁ [ h ( ` ∘` ) + ( ` ∘` ) ∘∁ [ h

> 6 = 1
λV 3 3
∁ q∗. ∁ q∗ .

λV 3
( >601
 bO 
bk
∘801=
bO 
bk
+
)( bO 
>=17
bk
∘8>1;
 bO 
bk
∘76.7>>9
bO 
bk )
 bO 
647=.0;
bk
 bO 
7044.0;
bk
λV 3 34.6606 3 66.06%
66.06%
 bO 
647=.0;
bk

n) Mj ajuoe
ajuoe cçsine
cçsine fm vgper qum sm lmnmsi
lmnmsitg
tg ml mj ninje,
ninje, sm ngjnu
ngjnujg
jg nel jg mxp
mxprmsiþ
rmsiþl
l fm petmln
petmlnig ˙?
ig [ 

˙ 3ċ ˙
[ 
[  c˙ ∁ [ ⇘  ċ
˙3
c
∁ [ 
 Mj trghgoe rmgjizgfe ml mj ninje ms?

∁ [ 3 ( ` >∘` 6 ) + ( `= ∘`1 ) 3 ( >601

 bO 
bk
∘801=
bO 
bk
+
)( >=17
bO 
bk
∘8>1;
 bO 
bk )
3707=
 bO 
bk

b[ 
84444
c˙3
ċ
 [ 
˙
∁ [ 
3
  84 C[ 

707=
 bO 
3
707=
smk
 bO  ( >144 smk
7 `r   )(   7 bO 

7
 b[ 
 )
3>9119.68
bk
`r
bk bk smk

f) Mj ajuo
ajuoe
e cçsine
cçsine fm gkug fm mlarigc
mlarigcimlte
imlte ml mj nelf
nelfmlsgf
mlsgfer
er sm ngjnu
ngjnujg
jg si sm rmgji
rmgjizg
zg ul hgjgln
hgjglnmm tércin
tércine
e
sehrm mj cisce?
 

∁ qvgper 3∁ q gkugfmmlarigcimlte

˙˙ ( `1∘ `7 )
  bO 
ċ
c vgper
3  ˙
cgkugmla . X ∁ V nel X 3 670
 ċ   Fm tghjgs.
bk´ 

bk  bO   bO 
>9119.68 8>1; ∘7=8
( ` X∘∁`V ) vgper
( (  ))(( ) ( )
1 7
∶ ċ
c c˙
˙ gkugmla . 3 ċ   3 `r bk bk 387484.99 ≍ 87487 bk
  bO  `r
670 74 ´  )
bk´ 
 Jg ngltifgf fm gkug fm mlarigcimlte qum sm lmnmsitg ml mj nelfmlsgfer sm ehtimlm gj rmgjizgr mj hgjglnm
bk
mlmrkétine2 mj ajuoe lmnmsgrie ms fm 87487 .
`r

 XM^]MJQM NEXXMN
 XM^]MJQM NEXXMNVGCMLVM
VGCMLVM TG^E G TG^E JE^ ^IK]IMLV
^IK]IMLVM^
M^ TXEHJMCG^
TXEHJMCG^ TXET]M^VE^ 
TXET]M^VE^ 
(Ji
(Jihre
hre fm tmrcef
tmrcefilç
ilçcin
cing
g fm Nmlkm
Nmlkmj).
j). MLQ
MLQIGJ
IGJE^
E^ GJ NE
NEXXM
XXME
E MJ
MJMNV
MNVXE
XELIN
LINE
E TG
TGXG
XG MJ FIG
QIMX
QIMXLM
LM^^ 89 FMJ
FMJ TXTXM^
M^ML
MLVM
VM G JG JG^
^ 76?4
76?44
4 `r.
`r. XM
XMN]
N]MX
MXFG
FG W]
W]MM MJ TXEN
TXENMF
MFIC
ICIM
IMLV
LVEE
 CGVMCGVINE
 CGVMCGVI NE FMHM ^MX FMVGJJ
FMVGJJGFE
GFE Y NEXXMNV
NEXXMNVE E TGXG XMQI^IEL FMJ FM^GXXEJ
FM^GXXEJJE
JE Y 
 MQGJ]GNIEL.
 MQGJ]GNIEL.

7. ]lg turhil
turhilg
g fm vgper
vgper rmnihm
rmnihm vgper
vgper fm gkug sehrm
sehrmngjm
ngjmltgf g g >=4 ´  y
ltgfg  y 8 CTg, mj nugj 
rmn`gzg g jg prmsiþl
prmsiþl fm 0 bTg. Jg mainimlnig ismltrþping
ismltrþping fm jg turhilg
turhilg ms fmj ;=%. g)
µWué argnniþl
argnniþl fm jg fispelih
fispelihijif
ijifgf
gf prefunm
prefunm jg turhilg
turhilg nece trghgoe5
trghgoe5,, h) µqué 
 argnniþl
 argnniþl fmj trghgoe cçxice prefunm
prefunm jg turhilg5
turhilg5
  Xmspumstgs2 g) 4.1;62 h) 4.;1.

8. Nelsifmr
Nelsifmrmm ulg nmltrgj
nmltrgj mjéntri
mjéntring
ng fm vgper qum epmrg
epmrg ml ul ninje
ninje Xglbilm
Xglbilm ifmgj sicpjm
sicpjm
 y qum timlm ulg sgjifg lmtg fm petmlnig fm 6= C[. Mj vgper mltrg g jg turhilg g ; 
 CTg y =44´N, y sm mlarãg ml mj nelfmlsgfer
nelfmlsgfer g ulg prmsiþl fm 74 bTg cmfigltm mj 
gk
gkug
ug fm mlmlari
arigci
gciml
mlte
te pr
prevm
evmlilimlt
mltmm fm ul jgke
jgke y qum nirnuj
nirnujgg pe
perr jes tuhes
tuhes fm
fmj 
j 
nelfmlsgfer g ulg tgsg fm 8 444 bk/s. Cumstrm mj ninje ml ul figkrgcg V „ s rmspmnte
fm jgs jãlmgs fm sgturgniþl y fmtmrcilm g) jg mainimlnig tércing fmj ninje, h) mj ajuoe
cçsine fmj vgper y n) mj gucmlte fm tmcpmrgturg fmj gkug fm mlarigcimlte.
  Xmspumstgs? g) >0.9 per nimlte, h) >1 bk/s, n) 0.6´N 

>. ]lg nmltrgj

nmltrgj mjéntri
mjéntring
ng fm vgper epmrg
epmrg ml ul ninje
ninje Xglbilm
Xglbilm nel rmngjm
rmngjmltgc
ltgcimlt
imlte.
e. Mj 
vgper mltrg ml jg turhilg fm gjtg prmsiþl g 78.= CTg y ==4´N, g ulg tgsg fm ;.; bk/s
 y sgjm g 8 CTg.
CTg. Fmspués, mj vgper
vgper sm rmngjimltg
rmngjimltg g prmsiþl nelstgltm
nelstgltm `gstg
`gstg 6=4´N gltms
gltms
fm qum sm mxpglfg ml jg turhilg fm hgog prmsiþl. Jgs mainimlnigs ismltrþpings fm jg
turhilg y jg hechg sel 0= per nimlte y 94 per nimlte, rmspmntivgcmltm. Mj vgper sgjm
fmj nelfmlsgfer nece jãquife sgturgfe. ^i mj neltmlife fm `ucmfgf fmj vgper g jg
sgjifg fm jg turhilg le mxnmfm = per nimlte, fmtmrcilm g) jg prmsiþl fmj nelfmlsgfer,
nelfmlsgfer,
h) jg sgjifg fm petmlnig lmtg y n) jg mainimlnig tércing.
 Xmspumstgs?
 Xmspumstgs? g) 9.;> bTg,
bTg, h) 74.8 C[, n) >1.9
>1.9 per niml
nimlte
te