Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Research Proposal
with Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) and Lime from Freshwater Perna viridis
based Fertilizer with Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) and Lime from Freshwater
Perna viridis
freshwater Perna viridis, the use of this plant-based fertilizer is to promote the
following questions:
a. Fungal Count
i.Verticillium dalhiae
ii.Phytophthora
iii.Rhizoctonia
iv.Pythium
b. Microbial Interaction
microcarpa) from freshwater Perna viridis does not significantly alter the
from the primary study, the researchers have used Lemons along with fresh
from the primary study, the researchers have used Lemons along with fresh
water bivalves as their components. This study will be making use of an item
more accessible to many which is Calamansi and Fresh water Perna Virdis.
Citrus fruits, like calamansi, are rich in essential nutrients and organic matter,
making them valuable natural fertilizers for promoting healthy plant growth.
The study seeks to compare the outcomes of using this plant-based fertilizer
with a normal fertilizer and to determine the impacts of the fertilizer on plant
growth and nutrient absorption. Taking this into account, results suggests the
agriculture.
(5) INTRODUCTION
such as phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, that are crucial for their growth
and development. These nutrients are frequently lacking in soil, and without
them, plants cannot grow or produce an optimal yield. This is why fertilizers
are crucial for modern agriculture, as farmers must produce enough food to
feed a growing global population. Although, their impact on plant health and
quality should also be considered to ensure that we are not only producing
way.
made from refined organic or more often artificial matter, where nutrients have
reasons such as its quicker results and less expensive price compared to organic
fertilizer which makes it easier for anyone to afford and provide for their crops.
However, excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to several issues such as
organic matter, and loss of soil carbon. In addition, the efficacy of chemical
fertilizers on crop yield has been decreasing over time (Lin et al., 2019). To
health and the environment, new farming approaches, including all so-called
organic agriculture, have been created (Sharma & Chetani, 2020). This includes
or nitrogen-based.
Plant fertilizers made from organic matter, or what we call organic fertilizers,
like animal manure, compost, and plant residues are seen as a common
organic fertilizers for plants. Citrus fruits such as calamansi (Citrus microcarpa)
potassium, which are necessary for healthy plant growth. Nitrogen is essential
for root development, and it plays a crucial role in the transfer of energy within
the plant.
important for the production of strong stems and leaves. In addition to these
essential nutrients, citrus fruits also contain other beneficial nutrients such as
calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, which can help improve soil fertility and
nutrient content and organic matter found in citrus fruits make them a valuable
Green mussel, which is also known as Perna Viridis, can also be used as
fertilizer due to its high nutrient content. Mussels are filter feeders that absorb
nutrients and minerals from the water in which they live, including nitrogen,
phosphorus, and calcium. As a result, the shells and meat of the mussels are
rich in these nutrients, making them a valuable source of organic fertilizer. This
mussel shells as fertilizer for rice fields. According to Chandran et al. (2011),
calcium into the soil and improve soil fertility and crop growth. Thus, green
mussels, or Perna viridis, can also be a good source of organic fertilizer for
plants.
et. al., 2022). Fungal communities refer to the populations of fungi that exist
forest soils are extremely complex and diverse, with different species having
plant tissues, causing diseases, and forming beneficial relationships with plant
roots. These fungal communities are distributed differently over time and
functions in affecting soil quality and plant health (Frąc et al., 2015). Different
communities.
(6) RATIONALE
Bisht and Chauhan (2021) stated that chemical fertilizers have been
environment, reduce soil fertility, and actually cause a lot of degradation of soil
and land (Liu et al., 2009). Given this, there is still a need to seek out more
studies about the creation of organic fertilizers to reduce and eliminate the
Fruit peel residues are part of the waste that accumulates in large
order to keep the environment free from pollution. Fruit peels are very rich in
macro and micro elements that have a beneficial effect on plant growth. By
using calamansi peeling as fertilizer, we can reduce waste and get more
quickly and provide the lawn and garden with a wide range of nutrients, which
The pH of the maximum growth rate is called the optimal growth pH.
Based on the optimal pH for growth, microbes can be divided into three groups:
and Dopson, 2007). pH can also affect microbial metabolism and hence
synthesize ATP.
(Citrus microcarpa) from the freshwater Perna viridis, which is a citrus fruit
widely used in the Philippines for its medicinal and culinary properties.
Viridis may be used as a plant-based fertilizer. This will also assist the
The results of this study may provide insight into the potential of
whether calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) from the freshwater Perna Viridis may
communities in soil.
The results of this study may provide insight into the potential of
frontiers, plants are factors of our living, they provide us oxygen and food. It is
said that in their ecosystem, plants interact or co-exist with various types of
bacteria.
spreading throughout its body. Given this finding, the researchers have
established a proposal to lessen certain bacterias to travel inside the plants. Soil
was obtained. The samples were then subjected to maintenance of the reference
In a 2022 study by Semenov MV, Krasnov GS, and Van Bruggen A.,
fungi represent a diverse group of organisms that play key roles in maintaining
fungi represent a diverse group of organisms that play key roles in maintaining
soil health and ecosystem function. Long-term use of fertilizer provides the soil
with nutrients that can offset the effects of plants on fungal communities.
abundance and suppressed fungal pathogens from plants. This shows that
In addition, study says that some bacteria's can be harmful to plants. For
example, cause them to rot or possibly make them sick. Certain bacteria's
cause harm to a plants growth and health. The aimed results of the researchers
are to lessen the spread of bacteria's and help with the growth of plants all over
our surroundings.
A. CITRUS FRUITS
enhances the yield and its quality by playing a vital role in biochemical and
Asia, mainly growing in Southeast Asia and tropical regions of China, and it
other natural substances that have lots of health benefits for humans, such as
beneficial effects for human eyes, being good for treating cough, asthma, high
cultivated Calamansi were mostly seedling trees, and their genetic diversity and
improvement had not been studied, which caused a series of problems such as
no stable commodity supply period and uneven fruit quality. Hainan Island is
to add acidity to the soil and provide a nutrient boost for plants that thrive in
dry peels into a powder and sprinkling it over these acid-loving plants, you can
enhance their growth. Additionally, contrary to the myth that citrus rinds deter
enhance their growth. Additionally, contrary to the myth that citrus rinds deter
beneficial insects in compost, they can actually help keep scavenging rats and
birds away from the compost pile. To facilitate quicker decomposition, tear the
citrus peels into smaller pieces before adding them to the compost.
The natural environment relies heavily on the pH of the soil, which has
of its broad effect on soil properties and cycles that influence plant
availability, mobility, and biological processes in the soil are the subject of this
organisms regulate soil pH. In general, this paper emphasizes the significance
soil and an increase in adsorption in the other three soils. For fertile soils, the
measured adsorption amount increased with pH. When sodium chloride was
properties. One of them was the rate of decrease of the adsorption surface
properties. One of them was the rate of decrease of the adsorption surface
electrostatic potential with increasing pH. Only small differences in the rate of
observed between these media. Another soil property affecting the observed
sorption was the release of phosphate from the soil. The amount released was
the greatest.
Acidity does not directly limit plant growth, but it negatively impacts
biological processes that are beneficial for plants. It decreases the availability
availability of toxic elements like aluminum and manganese. It also harms soil
organisms and can inhibit the survival of useful bacteria like rhizobia.
Additionally, acidity can cause essential plant nutrients to leach below the
B. Perna Viridis
quantities of mussel shells (66 000–94 000 t year−1), an alkaline material that
A field trial was carried out by planting different pasture species in a Haplic
Umbrisol using a randomized block design with four blocks and six treatments
(not amended control or soil amended with lime, finely ground shell, coarsely
ground shell, finely ground calcined shell, or coarsely ground calcined shell) to
compare the effects of lime and mussel shell additions on a soil with a low
compare the effects of lime and mussel shell additions on a soil with a low
cation exchange capacity and high Al saturation. The trial was established in
March 2007, and samples of plants and soil were collected when plots were
harvested in summer 2008 (separating bulk and rhizosphere soil). The soils
yield was measured in all plots, and plants were analyzed for nutrients.
stability of pH over time was high. These effects were most noticeable in the
rhizosphere. The amendment also had a positive effect on dry matter yield and
C. Plant-Based Fertilizer
study, a pot experiment for fertilization approaches and fertigation levels was
broadcast fertilization (CK), hole fertilization (HF), and pour fertilization (PF),
were tested. The fertigation level treatment included 100% (DF-337.5), 80%
(DF-270), 60% (DF-202.5), and 40% (DF-135) fertilizer supply with DF, and
the 100% fertilizer supply with broadcast fertilization served as control (CK).
The results showed that DF not only increased the absorptions of nitrogen (N),
phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) but also promoted citrus plant height, stem
diameter, and dry weight. In terms of fruit quality, DF had the highest fruit
fruit total soluble solid (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) contents. For fertilizer
loss, DF had the lowest N and K leaching losses of 9.26% and 4.05%,
respectively, and the lowest N and K runoff losses among the approaches.
Isotopic tracing with 15N indicated that DF had the highest fertilizer use
D. Microbial interaction
in microbial-host interactions.
and richness in the soil surrounding cassava roots (rhizospheric soil). Different
creating a favorable environment for cassava growth and enhancing both its
yield and quality. Moreover, the availability of phosphorus (P), potassium (K),
and organic matter (OM) exhibited the greatest influence on the microbial
rhizospheric soil during actual production. In the future, the use of specific
microbial fertilizers for cassava planting and production may emerge as a new
enzymes, they are able to break down all kinds of organic matter, decomposing
soil components and thereby regulating the balance of carbon and nutrients
and other organisms) and abiotic (soil pH, moisture, salinity, structure, and
can be found in almost every environment and can live in wide range of pH
organisms that play an important role in soil health and ecosystem functioning.
Fungi play a significant role in the decomposition and recycling of refractory or
relationships with plant roots, they can also be soil-borne plant diseases.
and shrubs, vines, flowers, and vegetables (Song H. 2021). Verticillium dahliae
and Verticillium albo-atrum are the two forms of soil-borne fungus. These
fungi dwell in the plant xylem, a network of small tubes that carry water and
nutrients throughout the plant. They effectively cause a clog in the plant’s
damaged plant tissue through the roots and multiply. As a result, some diseased
plants may wilt. Toxins produced by Verticillium are also harmful to host
plants.
Furthermore, keeping healthy plants and using the right fertilizer can prevent or
discoloration.
watering are all known to encourage Verticillium wilt. The effect of fertilizer
Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) has been studied. A split-split-plot design was
fertilization (9.6%). Hence treatment 1 did the best out of the 3 (Perez-
Rodriguez, 2022).
various kinds of fungal phytopathogens increased, but there was only a minimal
impact on diversity from mineral fertilizers. The study suggests that long-term
This chapter discusses methods and procedures used in the study. The
A. Research Design
dependent variables, which can be used to determine cause and effect. The
research design aims to help readers understand how the data was obtained and
thus help them to properly analyze the results. For this reason, this type of
research is the most appropriate for this study since this involves an assessment
B. Research Locale
Pilot High School will be the site of this investigation. Due to its ideal climatic
is favorable to soil fertility. The fact that crops are grown in Region V suggests
fertilizers. Vinzons Pilot High School makes for an excellent practical research
site by giving the researchers access to crucial resources like laboratories and
with other teachers and student researchers. Collaboration with local farmers,
Calamansi
antioxidant compounds. It has also been shown to have some benefits for the
Perna Viridis
areas.